TYK2 inhibitors and uses thereof

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides compounds of formula I, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same for the inhibition of TYK2, and the treatment of TYK2-mediated disorders.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No.15/254,071 filed on Sep. 1, 2016, now issued as U.S. Pat. No.10,023,571, which claims priority to U.S. provisional patent applicationSer. No. 62/214,018, filed Sep. 3, 2015, and U.S. provisional patentapplication Ser. No. 62/213,475, filed Sep. 2, 2015, the entirety ofeach of which is incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compounds and methods useful forinhibiting non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase 2 (“TYK2”), also knownas Tyrosine kinase 2. The invention also provides pharmaceuticallyacceptable compositions comprising compounds of the present inventionand methods of using said compositions in the treatment of variousdisorders.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The search for new therapeutic agents has been greatly aided in recentyears by a better understanding of the structure of enzymes and otherbiomolecules associated with diseases. One important class of enzymesthat has been the subject of extensive study is the protein kinasefamily.

Protein kinases constitute a large family of structurally relatedenzymes that are responsible for the control of a variety of signaltransduction processes within the cell. Protein kinases are thought tohave evolved from a common ancestral gene due to the conservation oftheir structure and catalytic function. Almost all kinases contain asimilar 250-300 amino acid catalytic domain. The kinases may becategorized into families by the substrates they phosphorylate (e.g.,protein-tyrosine, protein-serine/threonine, lipids, etc.).

In general, protein kinases mediate intracellular signaling by effectinga phosphoryl transfer from a nucleoside triphosphate to a proteinacceptor that is involved in a signaling pathway. These phosphorylationevents act as molecular on/off switches that can modulate or regulatethe target protein biological function. These phosphorylation events areultimately triggered in response to a variety of extracellular and otherstimuli. Examples of such stimuli include environmental and chemicalstress signals (e.g., osmotic shock, heat shock, ultraviolet radiation,bacterial endotoxins, and H₂O₂), cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1 (IL-1),interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)), and growthfactors (e.g., granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)). An extracellular stimulusmay affect one or more cellular responses related to cell growth,migration, differentiation, secretion of hormones, activation oftranscription factors, muscle contraction, glucose metabolism, controlof protein synthesis, and regulation of the cell cycle.

Many diseases are associated with abnormal cellular responses triggeredby kinase-mediated events. These diseases include, but are not limitedto, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, bone diseases, metabolicdiseases, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer,cardiovascular diseases, allergies and asthma, Alzheimer's disease, andhormone-related diseases. Accordingly, there remains a need to findprotein kinase inhibitors useful as therapeutic agents.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It has now been found that compounds of this invention, andpharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, are effective asinhibitors of TYK2 kinase. Such compounds have the general formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each variable isas defined and described herein.

Compounds of the present invention, and pharmaceutically acceptablecompositions thereof, are useful for treating a variety of diseases,disorders or conditions, associated with regulation of signalingpathways implicating TYK2 kinases. Such diseases, disorders, orconditions include those described herein.

Compounds provided by this invention are also useful for the study ofTYK2 enzymes in biological and pathological phenomena; the study ofintracellular signal transduction pathways occurring in bodily tissues;and the comparative evaluation of new TYK2 inhibitors or otherregulators of kinases, signaling pathways, and cytokine levels in vitroor in vivo.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS

1. General Description of Certain Embodiments of the Invention:

Compounds of the present invention, and compositions thereof, are usefulas inhibitors of TYK2 protein kinase.

The binding pocket of TYK2 contains a plurality of hydration sites, eachof which is occupied by a single molecule of water. Each of these watermolecules has a stability rating associated with it. As used herein, theterm “stability rating” refers to a numerical calculation whichincorporates the enthalpy, entropy, and free energy values associatedwith each water molecule. This stability rating allows for a measurabledetermination of the relative stability of water molecules that occupyhydration sites in the binding pocket of TYK2.

Water molecules occupying hydration sites in the binding pocket of TYK2having a stability rating of >2.5 kcal/mol are referred to as “unstablewaters.”

Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believedthat displacement or disruption of an unstable water molecule (i.e., awater molecule having a stability rating of >2.5 kcal/mol), orreplacement of a stable water (i.e., a water molecule having a stabilityrating of <1 kcal/mol), by an inhibitor results in tighter binding ofthat inhibitor. Accordingly, inhibitors designed to displace one or moreunstable water molecules (i.e., those unstable water molecules notdisplaced by any known inhibitor) will be a tighter binder and,therefore, more potent inhibitor as compared to an inhibitor that doesnot displace unstable water molecules.

It was surprisingly found that provided compounds displace or disruptone or more unstable water molecules. In some embodiments, a providedcompound displaces or disrupts at least two unstable water molecules.

In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a compound offormula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

-   each of X and Y is independently ═C(R⁶)— or ═N—;-   Ring A is phenyl; a 5-6 membered partially unsaturated monocyclic    heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from    nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; a 6-12 membered partially unsaturated    bicyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently    selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; a 5-6 membered    monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently    selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; or a 7-12 membered    bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 2-4 heteroatoms independently    selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur;-   each of R¹ and R^(1′) is independently hydrogen, —R², halogen, —CN,    —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR,    —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R,    —N(R)C(O)NR₂, or —N(R)S(O)₂R; or    -   R¹ and R^(1′) are taken together with their intervening atoms to        form an optionally substituted 3-7 membered spiro-fused ring        having 0-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen,        oxygen, and sulfur;-   each R² is independently an optionally substituted group selected    from C₁₋₆ aliphatic, phenyl, a 4-7 membered saturated or partially    unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently    selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and a 5-6 membered    heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from    nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur;-   R³ is C₂₋₆ aliphatic or Cy¹; wherein R³ is substituted with n    instances of R⁸;-   R⁵ is halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂,    —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂,    —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂, —N(R)S(O)₂R, and Cy²; wherein    R⁵ is substituted with p instances of R⁹; or when Ring A is bicyclic    or partially unsaturated, L¹R⁵, taken together, may also be absent;-   each of Cy¹ and Cy² is independently phenyl; a 3-7 membered    saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring; a    6-12 membered bicyclic carbocyclic ring; a 3-7 membered saturated or    partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-2    heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and    sulfur; a 6-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic    heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from    nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring    having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen,    and sulfur;-   each instance of R⁶ is independently hydrogen, —R², halogen, —CN,    —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR,    —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R,    —N(R)C(O)NR₂, or —N(R)S(O)₂R;-   each instance of R⁷ and R⁸ is independently oxo, —R², halogen, —CN,    —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR,    —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R,    —N(R)C(O)NR₂, or —N(R)S(O)₂R;-   each instance of R⁹ is independently oxo, C₁₋₆ hydroxyaliphatic,    —R², halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R,    —C(O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂,    —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂, or —N(R)S(O)₂R;-   L¹ is a covalent bond or a C₁₋₆ bivalent saturated or unsaturated,    straight or branched hydrocarbon chain wherein one or two methylene    units of the chain are optionally and independently replaced by    —N(R)—, —N(R)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R)—, —N(R)S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂N(R)—, —O—,    —C(O)—, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O—, —S—, —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—;-   m is 0-2;-   n is 0-4;-   p is 0-3; and-   each R is independently hydrogen, or an optionally substituted group    selected from C₁₋₆ aliphatic, phenyl, a 4-7 membered saturated or    partially unsaturated heterocyclic having 1-2 heteroatoms    independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and a 5-6    membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently    selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or:    -   two R groups on the same nitrogen are taken together with their        intervening atoms to form a 4-7 membered saturated, partially        unsaturated, or heteroaryl ring having 0-3 heteroatoms, in        addition to the nitrogen, independently selected from nitrogen,        oxygen, and sulfur.        2. Compounds and Definitions:

Compounds of the present invention include those described generallyherein, and are further illustrated by the classes, subclasses, andspecies disclosed herein. As used herein, the following definitionsshall apply unless otherwise indicated. For purposes of this invention,the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the PeriodicTable of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,75^(th) Ed. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry aredescribed in “Organic Chemistry”, Thomas Sorrell, University ScienceBooks, Sausalito: 1999, and “March's Advanced Organic Chemistry”, 5^(th)Ed., Ed.: Smith, M. B. and March, J., John Wiley & Sons, New York: 2001,the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

The term “aliphatic” or “aliphatic group”, as used herein, means astraight-chain (i.e., unbranched) or branched, substituted orunsubstituted hydrocarbon chain that is completely saturated or thatcontains one or more units of unsaturation, or a monocyclic hydrocarbonor bicyclic hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that containsone or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic (alsoreferred to herein as “carbocycle,” “cycloaliphatic” or “cycloalkyl”),that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.Unless otherwise specified, aliphatic groups contain 1-6 aliphaticcarbon atoms. In some embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-5aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain1-4 aliphatic carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, aliphatic groupscontain 1-3 aliphatic carbon atoms, and in yet other embodiments,aliphatic groups contain 1-2 aliphatic carbon atoms. In someembodiments, “cycloaliphatic” (or “carbocycle” or “cycloalkyl”) refersto a monocyclic C₃-C₆ hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or thatcontains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic,that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.Suitable aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, linear orbranched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl groupsand hybrids thereof such as (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl or(cycloalkyl)alkenyl.

As used herein, the term “bridged bicyclic” refers to any bicyclic ringsystem, i.e. carbocyclic or heterocyclic, saturated or partiallyunsaturated, having at least one bridge. As defined by IUPAC, a “bridge”is an unbranched chain of atoms or an atom or a valence bond connectingtwo bridgeheads, where a “bridgehead” is any skeletal atom of the ringsystem which is bonded to three or more skeletal atoms (excludinghydrogen). In some embodiments, a bridged bicyclic group has 7-12 ringmembers and 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen,oxygen, or sulfur. Such bridged bicyclic groups are well known in theart and include those groups set forth below where each group isattached to the rest of the molecule at any substitutable carbon ornitrogen atom. Unless otherwise specified, a bridged bicyclic group isoptionally substituted with one or more substituents as set forth foraliphatic groups. Additionally or alternatively, any substitutablenitrogen of a bridged bicyclic group is optionally substituted.Exemplary bridged bicyclics include:

The term “lower alkyl” refers to a C₁₋₄ straight or branched alkylgroup. Exemplary lower alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl,isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl.

The term “lower haloalkyl” refers to a C₁₋₄ straight or branched alkylgroup that is substituted with one or more halogen atoms.

The term “heteroatom” means one or more of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen,phosphorus, or silicon (including, any oxidized form of nitrogen,sulfur, phosphorus, or silicon; the quaternized form of any basicnitrogen or; a substitutable nitrogen of a heterocyclic ring, forexample N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl) orNR⁻ (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl)).

The term “unsaturated,” as used herein, means that a moiety has one ormore units of unsaturation.

As used herein, the term “bivalent C₁₋₈ (or C₁₋₆) saturated orunsaturated, straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain”, refers tobivalent alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene chains that are straightor branched as defined herein.

The term “alkylene” refers to a bivalent alkyl group. An “alkylenechain” is a polymethylene group, i.e., —(CH₂)_(n)—, wherein n is apositive integer, preferably from 1 to 6, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, from1 to 2, or from 2 to 3. A substituted alkylene chain is a polymethylenegroup in which one or more methylene hydrogen atoms are replaced with asubstituent. Suitable substituents include those described below for asubstituted aliphatic group.

The term “alkenylene” refers to a bivalent alkenyl group. A substitutedalkenylene chain is a polymethylene group containing at least one doublebond in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with asubstituent. Suitable substituents include those described below for asubstituted aliphatic group.

As used herein, the term “cyclopropylenyl” refers to a bivalentcyclopropyl group of the following structure:

The term “halogen” means F, Cl, Br, or I.

The term “aryl” used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in“aralkyl,” “aralkoxy,” or “aryloxyalkyl,” refers to monocyclic orbicyclic ring systems having a total of five to fourteen ring members,wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic and wherein eachring in the system contains 3 to 7 ring members. The term “aryl” may beused interchangeably with the term “aryl ring.” In certain embodimentsof the present invention, “aryl” refers to an aromatic ring system whichincludes, but not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl andthe like, which may bear one or more substituents. Also included withinthe scope of the term “aryl,” as it is used herein, is a group in whichan aromatic ring is fused to one or more non-aromatic rings, such asindanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthimidyl, phenanthridinyl, ortetrahydronaphthyl, and the like.

The terms “heteroaryl” and “heteroar-,” used alone or as part of alarger moiety, e.g., “heteroaralkyl,” or “heteroaralkoxy,” refer togroups having 5 to 10 ring atoms, preferably 5, 6, or 9 ring atoms;having 6, 10, or 14π electrons shared in a cyclic array; and having, inaddition to carbon atoms, from one to five heteroatoms. The term“heteroatom” refers to nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and includes anyoxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and any quaternized form of a basicnitrogen. Heteroaryl groups include, without limitation, thienyl,furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl,oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl,thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolizinyl,purinyl, naphthyridinyl, and pteridinyl. The terms “heteroaryl” and“heteroar-”, as used herein, also include groups in which aheteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl, cycloaliphatic, orheterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of attachment is on theheteroaromatic ring. Nonlimiting examples include indolyl, isoindolyl,benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl,benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl,quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl,phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl,tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and pyrido[2,3-b]-1,4-oxazin-3(4H)-one. Aheteroaryl group may be mono- or bicyclic. The term “heteroaryl” may beused interchangeably with the terms “heteroaryl ring,” “heteroarylgroup,” or “heteroaromatic,” any of which terms include rings that areoptionally substituted. The term “heteroaralkyl” refers to an alkylgroup substituted by a heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl and heteroarylportions independently are optionally substituted.

As used herein, the terms “heterocycle,” “heterocyclyl,” “heterocyclicradical,” and “heterocyclic ring” are used interchangeably and refer toa stable 5- to 7-membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclicheterocyclic moiety that is either saturated or partially unsaturated,and having, in addition to carbon atoms, one or more, preferably one tofour, heteroatoms, as defined above. When used in reference to a ringatom of a heterocycle, the term “nitrogen” includes a substitutednitrogen. As an example, in a saturated or partially unsaturated ringhaving 0-3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, thenitrogen may be N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl), NH (as inpyrrolidinyl), or ⁺NR (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl).

A heterocyclic ring can be attached to its pendant group at anyheteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure and any ofthe ring atoms can be optionally substituted. Examples of such saturatedor partially unsaturated heterocyclic radicals include, withoutlimitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl pyrrolidinyl,piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl,decahydroquinolinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl,diazepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl,2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptane, and quinuclidinyl. The terms“heterocycle,” “heterocyclyl,” “heterocyclyl ring,” “heterocyclicgroup,” “heterocyclic moiety,” and “heterocyclic radical,” are usedinterchangeably herein, and also include groups in which a heterocyclylring is fused to one or more aryl, heteroaryl, or cycloaliphatic rings,such as indolinyl, 3H-indolyl, chromanyl, phenanthridinyl, ortetrahydroquinolinyl. A heterocyclyl group may be mono- or bicyclic. Theterm “heterocyclylalkyl” refers to an alkyl group substituted by aheterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl and heterocyclyl portions independentlyare optionally substituted.

As used herein, the term “partially unsaturated” refers to a ring moietythat includes at least one double or triple bond. The term “partiallyunsaturated” is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites ofunsaturation, but is not intended to include aryl or heteroarylmoieties, as herein defined.

As described herein, compounds of the invention may contain “optionallysubstituted” moieties. In general, the term “substituted,” whetherpreceded by the term “optionally” or not, means that one or morehydrogens of the designated moiety are replaced with a suitablesubstituent. Unless otherwise indicated, an “optionally substituted”group may have a suitable substituent at each substitutable position ofthe group, and when more than one position in any given structure may besubstituted with more than one substituent selected from a specifiedgroup, the substituent may be either the same or different at everyposition. Combinations of substituents envisioned by this invention arepreferably those that result in the formation of stable or chemicallyfeasible compounds. The term “stable,” as used herein, refers tocompounds that are not substantially altered when subjected toconditions to allow for their production, detection, and, in certainembodiments, their recovery, purification, and use for one or more ofthe purposes disclosed herein.

Suitable monovalent substituents on a substitutable carbon atom of an“optionally substituted” group are independently halogen;—(CH₂)₀₋₄R^(∘); —(CH₂)₀₋₄OR^(∘); —O(CH₂)₀₋₄R^(∘), —O—(CH₂)₀₋₄C(O)OR^(∘);—(CH₂)₀₋₄CH(OR^(∘))₂; —(CH₂)₀₋₄SR^(∘); —(CH₂)₀₋₄Ph, which may besubstituted with R^(∘); —(CH₂)₀₋₄O(CH₂)₀₋₁Ph which may be substitutedwith R^(∘); —CH═CHPh, which may be substituted with R^(∘);—(CH₂)₀₋₄O(CH₂)₀₋₁-pyridyl which may be substituted with R^(∘); —NO₂;—CN; —N₃; —(CH₂)₀₋₄N(R^(∘))₂; —(CH₂)₀₋₄N(R^(∘))C(O)R^(∘);—N(R^(∘))C(S)R^(∘); —(CH₂)₀₋₄N(R^(∘))C(O)NR^(∘) ₂; —N(R^(∘))C(S)NR^(∘)₂; —(CH₂)₀₋₄N(R^(∘))C(O)OR^(∘); —N(R^(∘))N(R^(∘))C(O)R^(∘);—N(R^(∘))N(R^(∘))C(O)NR^(∘) ₂; —N(R^(∘))N(R^(∘))C(O)OR^(∘);—(CH₂)₀₋₄C(O)R^(∘); —C(S)R^(∘); —(CH₂)₀₋₄C(O)OR^(∘);—(CH₂)₀₋₄C(O)SR^(∘); —(CH₂)₀₋₄C(O)OSiR^(∘) ₃; —(CH₂)₀₋₄OC(O)R^(∘);—OC(O)(CH₂)₀₋₄SR^(∘); —SC(S)SR^(∘); —(CH₂)₀₋₄SC(O)R^(∘);—(CH₂)₀₋₄C(O)NR^(∘) ₂; —C(S)NR^(∘) ₂; —C(S) SR^(∘); —(CH₂)₀₋₄OC(O)NR^(∘)₂; —C(O)N(OR^(∘))R^(∘); —C(O)C(O)R^(∘); —C(O)CH₂C(O)R^(∘);—C(NOR^(∘))R^(∘); —(CH₂)₀₋₄SSR^(∘); —(CH₂)₀₋₄S(O)₂R^(∘);—(CH₂)₀₋₄S(O)₂OR^(∘); —(CH₂)₀₋₄OS(O)₂R^(∘); —S(O)₂NR^(∘) ₂;—(CH₂)₀₋₄S(O)R^(∘); —N(R^(∘))S(O)₂NR^(∘) ₂; —N(R^(∘))S(O)₂R^(∘);—N(OR^(∘))R^(∘); —C(NH)NR^(∘) ₂; —P(O)₂R^(∘); —P(O)R^(∘) ₂; —OP(O)R^(∘)₂; —OP(O)(OR^(∘))₂; SiR^(∘) ₃; —(C₁₋₄ straight or branchedalkylene)O—N(R^(∘))₂; or —(C₁₋₄ straight or branchedalkylene)C(O)O—N(R^(∘))₂, wherein each R^(∘) may be substituted asdefined below and is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₆ aliphatic, —CH₂Ph,—O(CH₂)₀₋₁Ph, —CH₂-(5-6 membered heteroaryl ring), or a 5-6-memberedsaturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or,notwithstanding the definition above, two independent occurrences ofR^(∘), taken together with their intervening atom(s), form a3-12-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl mono- orbicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected fromnitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, which may be substituted as defined below.

Suitable monovalent substituents on R^(∘) (or the ring formed by takingtwo independent occurrences of R^(∘) together with their interveningatoms), are independently halogen, —(CH₂)₀₋₂R^(•), -(haloR^(⋅)),—(CH₂)₀₋₂OH, —(CH₂)₀₋₂OR^(•), —(CH₂)₀₋₂CH(OR^(•))₂; —O(haloR^(•)), —CN,—N₃, —(CH₂)₀₋₂C(O)R^(•), —(CH₂)₀₋₂C(O)OH, —(CH₂)₀₋₂C(O)OR^(•),—(CH₂)₀₋₂SR^(•), —(CH₂)₀₋₂SH, —(CH₂)₀₋₂NH₂, —(CH₂)₀₋₂NHR^(•),—(CH₂)₀₋₂NR^(•) ₂, —NO₂, —SiR^(•) ₃, —OSiR^(•) ₃, —C(O)SR^(•), —(C₁₋₄straight or branched alkylene)C(O)OR^(•), or —SSR^(•) wherein each R^(•)is unsubstituted or where preceded by “halo” is substituted only withone or more halogens, and is independently selected from C₁₋₄ aliphatic,—CH₂Ph, —O(CH₂)₀₋₁Ph, or a 5-6-membered saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selectedfrom nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Suitable divalent substituents on asaturated carbon atom of R^(∘) include ═O and ═S.

Suitable divalent substituents on a saturated carbon atom of an“optionally substituted” group include the following: ═O, ═S, ═NNR*₂,═NNHC(O)R*, ═NNHC(O)OR*, ═NNHS(O)₂R*, ═NR*, ═NOR*, —O(C(R*₂))₂₋₃O—, or—S(C(R*₂))₂₋₃S—, wherein each independent occurrence of R* is selectedfrom hydrogen, C₁₋₆ aliphatic which may be substituted as defined below,or an unsubstituted 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, oraryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen,oxygen, or sulfur. Suitable divalent substituents that are bound tovicinal substitutable carbons of an “optionally substituted” groupinclude: —O(CR*₂)₂₋₃O—, wherein each independent occurrence of R* isselected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆ aliphatic which may be substituted asdefined below, or an unsubstituted 5-6-membered saturated, partiallyunsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selectedfrom nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.

Suitable substituents on the aliphatic group of R* include halogen,—R^(•), -(haloR^(•)), —OH, —OR^(•), —O(haloR^(•)), —CN, —C(O)OH,—C(O)OR^(•), —NH₂, —NHR^(•), —NR^(•) ₂, or —NO₂, wherein each R^(•) isunsubstituted or where preceded by “halo” is substituted only with oneor more halogens, and is independently C₁₋₄ aliphatic, —CH₂Ph,—O(CH₂)₀₋₁Ph, or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, oraryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen,oxygen, or sulfur.

Suitable substituents on a substitutable nitrogen of an “optionallysubstituted” group include —R^(†), —NR^(†) ₂, —C(O)R^(†), —C(O)OR^(†),—C(O)C(O)R^(†), —C(O)CH₂C(O)R^(†), —S(O)₂R^(†), —S(O)₂NR^(†) ₂,—C(S)NR^(†) ₂, —C(NH)NR^(†) ₂, or —N(R^(†))S(O)₂R^(†); wherein eachR^(†) is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₆ aliphatic which may be substitutedas defined below, unsubstituted —OPh, or an unsubstituted 5-6-memberedsaturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or,notwithstanding the definition above, two independent occurrences ofR^(†), taken together with their intervening atom(s) form anunsubstituted 3-12-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or arylmono- or bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selectedfrom nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.

Suitable substituents on the aliphatic group of R^(†) are independentlyhalogen, —R^(•), -(haloR^(•)), —OH, —OR^(•), —O(haloR^(•)), —CN,—C(O)OH, —C(O)OR^(•), —NH₂, —NHR^(•), —NR^(•) ₂, or —NO₂, wherein eachR^(•) is unsubstituted or where preceded by “halo” is substituted onlywith one or more halogens, and is independently C₁₋₄ aliphatic, —CH₂Ph,—O(CH₂)₀₋₁Ph, or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, oraryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen,oxygen, or sulfur.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers tothose salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment,suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animalswithout undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, andare commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. Pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S. M. Berge etal., describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J.Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1-19, incorporated herein byreference. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of thisinvention include those derived from suitable inorganic and organicacids and bases. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic acidaddition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acidssuch as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuricacid and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid,oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid ormalonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ionexchange. Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include adipate,alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate,borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate,cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate,formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate,hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide,2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, laurylsulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate,2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate,pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, pivalate,propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate,p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like.

Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkalineearth metal, ammonium and N⁺(C₁₋₄alkyl)₄ salts. Representative alkali oralkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium,magnesium, and the like. Further pharmaceutically acceptable saltsinclude, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, andamine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide,carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, lower alkyl sulfonate and arylsulfonate.

Unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant toinclude all isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric(or conformational)) forms of the structure; for example, the R and Sconfigurations for each asymmetric center, Z and E double bond isomers,and Z and E conformational isomers. Therefore, single stereochemicalisomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (orconformational) mixtures of the present compounds are within the scopeof the invention. Unless otherwise stated, all tautomeric forms of thecompounds of the invention are within the scope of the invention.Additionally, unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein arealso meant to include compounds that differ only in the presence of oneor more isotopically enriched atoms. For example, compounds having thepresent structures including the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium ortritium, or the replacement of a carbon by a ¹³C- or ¹⁴C-enriched carbonare within the scope of this invention. Such compounds are useful, forexample, as analytical tools, as probes in biological assays, or astherapeutic agents in accordance with the present invention. In certainembodiments, a warhead moiety, R¹, of a provided compound comprises oneor more deuterium atoms. In certain embodiments, Ring B of a providedcompound may be substituted with one or more deuterium atoms.

As used herein, the term “inhibitor” is defined as a compound that bindsto and/or inhibits TYK2 with measurable affinity. In certainembodiments, an inhibitor has an IC₅₀ and/or binding constant of lessthan about 50 μM, less than about 1 μM, less than about 500 nM, lessthan about 100 nM, less than about 10 nM, or less than about 1 nM.

A compound of the present invention may be tethered to a detectablemoiety. It will be appreciated that such compounds are useful as imagingagents. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that adetectable moiety may be attached to a provided compound via a suitablesubstituent. As used herein, the term “suitable substituent” refers to amoiety that is capable of covalent attachment to a detectable moiety.Such moieties are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art andinclude groups containing, e.g., a carboxylate moiety, an amino moiety,a thiol moiety, or a hydroxyl moiety, to name but a few. It will beappreciated that such moieties may be directly attached to a providedcompound or via a tethering group, such as a bivalent saturated orunsaturated hydrocarbon chain. In some embodiments, such moieties may beattached via click chemistry. In some embodiments, such moieties may beattached via a 1,3-cycloaddition of an azide with an alkyne, optionallyin the presence of a copper catalyst. Methods of using click chemistryare known in the art and include those described by Rostovtsev et al.,Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 2596-99 and Sun et al., BioconjugateChem., 2006, 17, 52-57.

As used herein, the term “detectable moiety” is used interchangeablywith the term “label” and relates to any moiety capable of beingdetected, e.g., primary labels and secondary labels. Primary labels,such as radioisotopes (e.g., tritium, ³²P, ³³P, ³⁵S, or ¹⁴C), mass-tags,and fluorescent labels are signal generating reporter groups which canbe detected without further modifications. Detectable moieties alsoinclude luminescent and phosphorescent groups.

The term “secondary label” as used herein refers to moieties such asbiotin and various protein antigens that require the presence of asecond intermediate for production of a detectable signal. For biotin,the secondary intermediate may include streptavidin-enzyme conjugates.For antigen labels, secondary intermediates may include antibody-enzymeconjugates. Some fluorescent groups act as secondary labels because theytransfer energy to another group in the process of nonradiativefluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET), and the second groupproduces the detected signal.

The terms “fluorescent label”, “fluorescent dye”, and “fluorophore” asused herein refer to moieties that absorb light energy at a definedexcitation wavelength and emit light energy at a different wavelength.Examples of fluorescent labels include, but are not limited to: AlexaFluor dyes (Alexa Fluor 350, Alexa Fluor 488, Alexa Fluor 532, AlexaFluor 546, Alexa Fluor 568, Alexa Fluor 594, Alexa Fluor 633, AlexaFluor 660 and Alexa Fluor 680), AMCA, AMCA-S, BODIPY dyes (BODIPY FL,BODIPY R6G, BODIPY TMR, BODIPY TR, BODIPY 530/550, BODIPY 558/568,BODIPY 564/570, BODIPY 576/589, BODIPY 581/591, BODIPY 630/650, BODIPY650/665), Carboxyrhodamine 6G, carboxy-X-rhodamine (ROX), Cascade Blue,Cascade Yellow, Coumarin 343, Cyanine dyes (Cy3, Cy5, Cy3.5, Cy5.5),Dansyl, Dapoxyl, Dialkylaminocoumarin,4′,5′-Dichloro-2′,7′-dimethoxy-fluorescein, DM-NERF, Eosin, Erythrosin,Fluorescein, FAM, Hydroxycoumarin, IRDyes (IRD40, IRD 700, IRD 800),JOE, Lissamine rhodamine B, Marina Blue, Methoxycoumarin,Naphthofluorescein, Oregon Green 488, Oregon Green 500, Oregon Green514, Pacific Blue, PyMPO, Pyrene, Rhodamine B, Rhodamine 6G, RhodamineGreen, Rhodamine Red, Rhodol Green,2′,4′,5′,7′-Tetra-bromosulfone-fluorescein, Tetramethyl-rhodamine (TMR),Carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA), Texas Red, Texas Red-X.

The term “mass-tag” as used herein refers to any moiety that is capableof being uniquely detected by virtue of its mass using mass spectrometry(MS) detection techniques. Examples of mass-tags include electrophorerelease tags such asN-[3-[4′-[(p-Methoxytetrafluorobenzyl)oxy]phenyl]-3-methylglyceronyl]isonipecoticAcid, 4′-[2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-4-(pentafluorophenoxyl)]methylacetophenone, and their derivatives. The synthesis and utility of thesemass-tags is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,650,750, 4,709,016,5,360,8191, 5,516,931, 5,602,273, 5,604,104, 5,610,020, and 5,650,270.Other examples of mass-tags include, but are not limited to,nucleotides, dideoxynucleotides, oligonucleotides of varying length andbase composition, oligopeptides, oligosaccharides, and other syntheticpolymers of varying length and monomer composition. A large variety oforganic molecules, both neutral and charged (biomolecules or syntheticcompounds) of an appropriate mass range (100-2000 Daltons) may also beused as mass-tags.

The terms “measurable affinity” and “measurably inhibit,” as usedherein, means a measurable change in a TYK2 protein kinase activitybetween a sample comprising a compound of the present invention, orcomposition thereof, and a TYK2 protein kinase, and an equivalent samplecomprising an TYK2 protein kinase, in the absence of said compound, orcomposition thereof.

3. Description of Exemplary Embodiments:

As described above, in certain embodiments, the present inventionprovides a compound of formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

-   each of X and Y is independently ═C(R⁶)— or ═N—;-   Ring A is phenyl; a 5-6 membered partially unsaturated monocyclic    heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from    nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; a 6-12 membered partially unsaturated    bicyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently    selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; a 5-6 membered    monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently    selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; or a 7-12 membered    bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 2-4 heteroatoms independently    selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur;-   each of R¹ and R^(1′) is independently hydrogen, —R², halogen, —CN,    —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR,    —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R,    —N(R)C(O)NR₂, or —N(R)S(O)₂R; or    -   R¹ and R^(1′) are taken together with their intervening atoms to        form an optionally substituted 3-7 membered spiro-fused ring        having 0-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen,        oxygen, and sulfur;-   each R² is independently an optionally substituted group selected    from C₁₋₆ aliphatic, phenyl, a 4-7 membered saturated or partially    unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently    selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and a 5-6 membered    heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from    nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur;-   R³ is C₂₋₆ aliphatic or Cy¹; wherein R³ is substituted with n    instances of R⁸;-   R⁵ is halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂,    —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂,    —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂, —N(R)S(O)₂R, and Cy²; wherein    R⁵ is substituted with p instances of R⁹; or when Ring A is bicyclic    or partially unsaturated, L¹R⁵, taken together, may also be absent;-   each of Cy¹ and Cy² is independently phenyl; a 3-7 membered    saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring; a    6-12 membered bicyclic carbocyclic ring; a 3-7 membered saturated or    partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-2    heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and    sulfur; a 6-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic    heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from    nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring    having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen,    and sulfur;-   each instance of R⁶ is independently hydrogen, —R², halogen, —CN,    —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR,    —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R,    —N(R)C(O)NR₂, or —N(R)S(O)₂R;-   each instance of R⁷ and R⁸ is independently oxo, —R², halogen, —CN,    —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR,    —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R,    —N(R)C(O)NR₂, or —N(R)S(O)₂R;-   each instance of R⁹ is independently oxo, C₁₋₆ hydroxyaliphatic,    —R², halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R,    —C(O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂,    —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂, or —N(R)S(O)₂R;-   L¹ is a covalent bond or a C₁₋₆ bivalent saturated or unsaturated,    straight or branched hydrocarbon chain wherein one or two methylene    units of the chain are optionally and independently replaced by    —N(R)—, —N(R)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R)—, —N(R)S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂N(R)—, —O—,    —C(O)—, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O—, —S—, —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—;-   m is 0-2;-   n is 0-4;-   p is 0-3; and-   each R is independently hydrogen, or an optionally substituted group    selected from C₁₋₆ aliphatic, phenyl, a 4-7 membered saturated or    partially unsaturated heterocyclic having 1-2 heteroatoms    independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and a 5-6    membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently    selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or:    -   two R groups on the same nitrogen are taken together with their        intervening atoms to form a 4-7 membered saturated, partially        unsaturated, or heteroaryl ring having 0-3 heteroatoms, in        addition to the nitrogen, independently selected from nitrogen,        oxygen, and sulfur.

As defined generally above, each of X and Y is ═C(R⁶)— or ═N—. In someembodiments, each of X and Y is ═C(R⁶)— or ═N—, provided that X and Yare not simultaneously ═C(R⁶)—. In some embodiments, both X and Y are═N—. In some embodiments, X is ═N—, and Y is ═C(R⁶)—. In someembodiments, X is ═C(R⁶)—, and Y is ═N—. In some embodiments, both of Xand Y are ═C(R⁶)—.

As defined generally above, Ring A is phenyl; a 5-6 membered partiallyunsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; a 6-12membered partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; a5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independentlyselected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; or a 7-12 membered bicyclicheteroaryl ring having 2-4 heteroatoms independently selected fromnitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.

In some embodiments, Ring A is phenyl. In some embodiments, Ring A is a5-6 membered partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, andsulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is a 6-12 membered partiallyunsaturated bicyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In someembodiments, Ring A is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In someembodiments, Ring A is a 7-12 membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having2-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, andsulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is a 5-membered heteroaryl having1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In someembodiments, Ring A is a 5-membered heteroaryl having 1-4 nitrogens. Insome embodiments, Ring A is a 6-membered heteroaryl having 1-4nitrogens. Ring A is phenyl, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl,pyrazinyl, pyridaziny-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl pyrazol-1-yl, pyrazol-2-yl,pyrazol-3-yl, pyrazol-4-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, imidazol-1-yl,imidazol-2-yl, oxazol-2-yl, oxazol-4-yl, oxazol-5-yl, isoxazol-3-yl,isoxazol-4-yl, isoxazol-5-yl, thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, thiazol-5-yl,isothiazol-3-yl, isothiazol-4-yl, or isothiazol-5-yl. In someembodiments, Ring A is pyridyl. In some embodiments, Ring A ispymidinyl. In some embodiments, Ring A is pyrazinyl. In someembodiments, Ring A is pyrazolyl. In some embodiments, Ring A isimidazolyl. In some embodiments, Ring A is oxazolyl. In someembodiments, Ring A is isoxazolyl. In some embodiments, Ring A isisothiazolyl. In some embodiments, Ring A is imidazoline. In someembodiments, Ring A is oxazoline. In some embodiments, Ring A isthiazoline. Exemplary Ring A groups include those depicted in Table 1.

One of skill in the art will appreciate that multiple regioisomers of agiven Ring A are possible. Unless otherwise stated, all regioisomers areintended to be encompassed. For example, Ring A can be 1-pyrazolyl,2-pyrazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, or 5-pyrazolyl. In someembodiments, Ring A is connected to the bicyclic core via one of itsnitrogens. In some embodiments, Ring A is connected to the bicyclic corevia one of its carbon atoms.

Likewise, when Ring A is phenyl, multiple attachment points arepossible. In some embodiments, when Ring A is phenyl, L¹ is para to thepoint of attachment to the rest of the molecule. In some embodiments, L¹is meta to the point of attachment to the rest of the molecule. In someembodiments, L¹ is ortho to the point of attachment to the rest of themolecule.

In some embodiments, when Ring A is partially unsaturated, it isselected from the structures in Table A, below, each of which may beunsubstituted, or substituted by L¹R⁵ or m instances of R⁷ as indicatedabove:

TABLE A Exemplary Partially Unsaturated Ring A Groups

As defined generally above, each of R¹ and R^(1′) is independentlyhydrogen, —R², halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂,—S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂,—N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂, or —N(R)S(O)₂R; or R¹ and R^(1′)are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionallysubstituted 4-7 membered spiro-fused ring having 0-2 heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.

In some embodiments, both of R¹ and R^(1′) are hydrogen. In someembodiments, each of R¹ and R^(1′) is independently —R², halogen, —CN,—NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR,—C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R,—N(R)C(O)NR₂, or —N(R)S(O)₂R. In certain embodiments, each of R¹ andR^(1′) are methyl. In some embodiments, one of R¹ and R^(1′) is methyl,and the other is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R¹ and R^(1′) are takentogether with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted3-7 membered spiro-fused ring having 0-2 heteroatoms independentlyselected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R¹ andR^(1′) are taken together with their intervening atoms to form anoptionally substituted 3-7 membered spiro-fused carbocyclic ring. Insome embodiments, R¹ and R^(1′) are taken together with theirintervening atoms to form an optionally substituted spirocyclopropylring. In some embodiments, R¹ and R^(1′) are taken together with theirintervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 3-7 memberedspiro-fused heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independentlyselected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.

As defined generally above, R³ is C₂₋₆ aliphatic or Cy¹; wherein R³ issubstituted with n instances of R⁸. In some embodiments, R³ is C₂₋₆aliphatic. In some embodiments, R³ is Cy¹. Exemplary R³ groups includethose depicted in Table 1. In some embodiments, R³ is selected fromthose depicted in Table B1 below:

TABLE B1 Exemplary R³ Groups

In some embodiments, R³(R⁸)_(n), taken together, is selected from thestructures depicted in Table B2 below:

TABLE B2 Exemplary R³(R⁸)_(n) Groups

As defined generally above, R⁵ is halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂,—S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR,—OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂, —N(R)S(O)₂R,and Cy²; wherein R⁵ is substituted with p instances of R⁹; or when RingA is bicyclic or partially unsaturated, L¹R⁵, taken together, may alsobe absent.

In some embodiments, R⁵ is halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R,—S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R,—OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂, —N(R)S(O)₂R. In someembodiments, R⁵ is Cy². In some embodiments, Ring A is partiallyunsaturated, and L¹R⁵, taken together, is absent. In some embodiments,Ring A is bicyclic, and L¹R⁵, taken together, is absent. Exemplary R⁵groups include those depicted in Table 1. In some embodiments, R⁵, takentogether is selected from those depicted in Table B3 below:

TABLE B3 Exemplary R⁵ Groups

In some embodiments, R⁵(R⁹)_(p), taken together, is selected from thestructures depicted in Table B4 below:

TABLE B4 Exemplary R⁵(R⁹)_(p) Groups

As defined generally above, each of Cy¹ and Cy² is independently phenyl;a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclicring; a 6-12 membered bicyclic carbocyclic ring; a 3-7 memberedsaturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, andsulfur; a 6-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclicheterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected fromnitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, andsulfur.

In some embodiments, Cy¹ is phenyl. In some embodiments, Cy¹ is a 3-7membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring.In some embodiments, Cy¹ is a 3-7 membered saturated monocycliccarbocyclic ring. In some embodiments, Cy¹ is a 3-7 membered partiallyunsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring. In some embodiments, Cy¹ is a6-12 membered bicyclic carbocyclic ring. In some embodiments, Cy¹ is a3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclicring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen,oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, Cy¹ is a 3-7 membered saturatedmonocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independentlyselected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, Cy¹ isa 3-7 membered partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, andsulfur. In some embodiments, Cy¹ is a 6-12 membered saturated orpartially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In someembodiments, Cy¹ is a 6-12 membered saturated bicyclic heterocyclic ringhaving 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, andsulfur. In some embodiments, Cy¹ is a 6-12 membered partiallyunsaturated bicyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In someembodiments, Cy¹ is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Insome embodiments, Cy¹ is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Insome embodiments, Cy¹ is a 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.

In some embodiments, Cy² is phenyl. In some embodiments, Cy² is a 3-7membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring.In some embodiments, Cy² is a 3-7 membered saturated monocycliccarbocyclic ring. In some embodiments, Cy² is a 3-7 membered partiallyunsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring. In some embodiments, Cy² is a6-12 membered bicyclic carbocyclic ring. In some embodiments, Cy² is a3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclicring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen,oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, Cy² is a 3-7 membered saturatedmonocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independentlyselected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, Cy² isa 3-7 membered partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, andsulfur. In some embodiments, Cy² is a 6-12 membered saturated orpartially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In someembodiments, Cy² is a 6-12 membered saturated bicyclic heterocyclic ringhaving 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, andsulfur. In some embodiments, Cy² is a 6-12 membered partiallyunsaturated bicyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In someembodiments, Cy² is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Insome embodiments, Cy² is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Insome embodiments, Cy² is a 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.

As defined generally above, each instance of R⁶ is independentlyhydrogen, —R², halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂,—S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂,—N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂, or —N(R)S(O)₂R. In someembodiments, both instances of R⁶ are hydrogen. In some embodiments, oneinstance of R⁶ is hydrogen, and the other is —R², halogen, —CN, —NO₂,—OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(O)NR₂,—C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂,or —N(R)S(O)₂R. In some embodiments, both instances of R⁶ are —R²,halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R,—C(O)OR, —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR,—N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂, or —N(R)S(O)₂R.

As defined generally above, L¹ is a covalent bond or a C₁₋₆ bivalentsaturated or unsaturated, straight or branched hydrocarbon chain whereinone or two methylene units of the chain are optionally and independentlyreplaced by —N(R)—, —N(R)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R)—, —N(R)S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂N(R)—,—O—, —C(O)—, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O—, —S—, —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—. In someembodiments, when L¹ is a covalent bond, R⁵ is not unsubstituted alkyl.In some embodiments, L¹ is a covalent bond. In other embodiments, L¹ isa C₁₋₆ bivalent hydrocarbon chain wherein one or two methylene units ofthe chain are optionally and independently replaced by —N(R)—,—N(R)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R)—, —N(R)S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂N(R)—, —O—, —C(O)—, —OC(O)—,—C(O)O—, —S—, —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—.

In some embodiments, L¹ is a C₁ bivalent hydrocarbon chain wherein onemethylene unit of the chain is replaced by —C(O)— (e.g, —C(O)—). In someembodiments, L¹ is —CH₂C(O)— (wherein the carbonyl is adjacent to R⁵).In some embodiments, L¹ is —C(O)CH₂— (wherein the carbonyl is adjacentto Ring A). Exemplary L¹ groups include those depicted in Table 1.

As defined generally above, each instance of R⁸ is independently —R²,halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R,—C(O)OR, —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR,—N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂, or —N(R)S(O)₂R. In some embodiments, at leastone instance of R⁸ is a halogen. In some embodiments, at least oneinstance of R⁸ is fluorine. In some embodiments, at least one instanceof R⁸ is chlorine. In some embodiments, at least one instance of R⁸ is—OR. In some embodiments, at least one instance of R⁸ is —OH. In someembodiments, at least one instance of R⁸ is —NR₂. In some embodiments,at least one instance of R⁸ is —NH₂. In some embodiments, at least oneinstance of R⁸ is —CN. In some embodiments, at least one instance of R⁸is optionally substituted C₁₋₆ aliphatic. In some embodiments, at leastone instance of R⁸ is C₁₋₆ alkyl. In some embodiments, at least oneinstance of R⁸ is methyl. In some embodiments, at least one instance ofR⁸ is C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogens. In someembodiments, at least one instance of R⁸ is C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted byone or more —OH groups. In some embodiments, at least one instance of R⁸is hydroxymethyl. In some embodiments, at least one instance of R⁸ ishalogen, and at least one instance of R⁸ is —CN. In some embodiments, atleast one instance of R⁸ is CF₃. In some embodiments, each R⁸ is ahalogen. In some embodiments, each R⁸ is fluorine, chlorine, methyl, orCF₃. Exemplary R⁸ groups include those depicted in Table 1.

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that an R⁸ substituenton a saturated carbon of R³ forms a chiral center. In some embodiments,that chiral center is in the (R) configuration. In other embodiments,that chiral center is in the (S) configuration.

As defined generally above, each instance of R⁹ is independently oxo,C₁₋₆ hydroxyaliphatic, —R², halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R,—S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R,—OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂, or —N(R)S(O)₂R.

In some embodiments, at least one instance of R⁹ is oxo. In someembodiments, at least one instance of R⁹ is —R². In some embodiments, atleast one instance of R⁹ is optionally substituted C₁₋₆ aliphatic. Insome embodiments, at least one instance of R⁹ is C₁₋₆ alkyl. In someembodiments, at least one instance of R⁹ is methyl. In some embodiments,at least one instance of R⁹ is C₁₋₆ hydroxyaliphatic. In someembodiments, R⁹ is hydroxymethyl. In some embodiments, R⁹ ishydroxyethyl. In some embodiments, R⁹ is hydroxycyclobutyl. In someembodiments, R⁹ is hydroxycyclobutyl. In some embodiments, R⁹ isN,N-dimethylaminoethyl. In some embodiments, R⁹ is a 3-7 memberedsaturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Insome embodiments, R⁹ is selected from —OH, —OEt, —NH₂, NHEt, aziridinyl,azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl,oxetanyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, and tetrahydrofuranyl. In someembodiments, when L¹ is absent, at least one R⁹ is oxo.

As defined generally above, m is 0-4. In some embodiments, m is 0. Insome embodiments, m is 1-4. In some embodiments, m is 1. In someembodiments, m is 2. In some embodiments, m is 3. In some embodiments, mis 4.

As defined generally above, n is 0-4. In some embodiments, n is 0. Insome embodiments, n is 1-4. In some embodiments, n is 1. In someembodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, nis 4. In some embodiments, n is 0-1. In some embodiments, n is 0-2. Insome embodiments, n is 0-3. In some embodiments, n is 1-3. In someembodiments, n is 2-3.

As defined generally above, p is 0-3. In some embodiments, p is 0. Insome embodiments, p is 1-3. In some embodiments, p is 1. In someembodiments, p is 2. In some embodiments, p is 3.

In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a compound offormula I, wherein when X is ═N—, R³ is phenyl.

In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a compound offormula I, wherein R¹ and R^(1′) are each hydrogen, thereby forming acompound of formula II:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of X, Y,Ring A, L¹, R³, R⁴, and R⁵ is as defined above and described inembodiments herein, both singly and in combination.

In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a compound offormula I, wherein X is ═N— and Y is ═C(R⁶)—; X is ═C(R⁶)—; and Y is═N—; each of X and Y are ═N—, or each of X and Y are ═C(R⁶)—; therebyforming a compound of formula III-a, III-b, III-c, or III-drespectively:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of Ring A,L¹, R¹, R^(1′), R³, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and m is as defined above and describedin embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.

In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a compound offormulae III-a, III-b, III-c, or III-d wherein R¹ and R^(1′) are eachhydrogen, thereby forming a compound of formulae IV-a, IV-b, IV-c, andIV-d respectively:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of Ring A,L¹, R³, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and m is as defined above and described inembodiments herein, both singly and in combination.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound offormula IV-a, IV-b, or IV-d wherein each R⁶ is hydrogen.

In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a compound offormula I, wherein Ring A is phenyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl,pyrazolyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, orisothiazolyl. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides acompound of formula I, wherein Ring A is phenyl, pyridin-2-yl,pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl, pyrazinyl, pyridaziny-3-yl, pyridazin-4-ylpyrazol-1-yl, pyrazol-2-yl, pyrazol-3-yl, pyrazol-4-yl,1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, imidazol-1-yl, imidazol-2-yl, oxazol-2-yl,oxazol-4-yl, oxazol-5-yl, isoxazol-3-yl, isoxazol-4-yl, isoxazol-5-yl,thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, thiazol-5-yl, isothiazol-3-yl,isothiazol-4-yl, or isothiazol-5-yl thereby forming a compound offormulae VI-a, VI-b, VI-c, VI-d, VI-e, VI-f, VI-g, VI-h, VI-i, VI-j,VI-k, VI-l, VI-m, VI-n, VI-o, VI-p, VI-q, VI-r, VI-s, VI-t, VI-v, VI-x,VI-y, VI-z, and VI-aa respectively:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of, X, Y,L¹, R¹, R^(1′), R³, R⁵, R⁷, and m is as defined above and described inembodiments herein, both singly and in combination.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of anyone of formulae VI-a, VI-b, VI-c, VI-d, VI-e, VI-f, VI-g, VI-h, VI-i,VI-j, VI-k, VI-l, VI-m, VI-n, VI-o, VI-p, VI-q, VI-r, VI-s, VI-t, VI-v,VI-x, VI-y, VI-z, or VI-aa wherein m is 0. In some embodiments, thepresent invention provides a compound of any one of formulae VI-a, VI-b,VI-c, VI-d, VI-e, VI-f, VI-g, VI-h, VI-i, VI-j, VI-k, VI-l, VI-m, VI-n,VI-o, VI-p, VI-q, VI-r, VI-s, VI-t, VI-v, VI-x, VI-y, VI-z, or VI-aawherein m is 1.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of anyone of formulae VI-a, VI-b, VI-c, VI-d, VI-e, VI-f, VI-g, VI-h, VI-i,VI-j, VI-k, VI-l, VI-m, VI-n, VI-o, VI-p, VI-q, VI-r, VI-s, VI-t, VI-v,VI-x, VI-y, VI-z, or VI-aa wherein R⁵ is Cy².

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of anyone of formulae VI-a, VI-b, VI-c, VI-d, VI-e, VI-f, VI-g, VI-h, VI-i,VI-j, VI-k, VI-l, VI-m, VI-n, VI-o, VI-p, VI-q, VI-r, VI-s, VI-t, VI-v,VI-x, VI-y, VI-z, or VI-aa wherein both X and Y are ═C(R⁶)—. In someembodiments, the present invention provides a compound of any one offormulae VI-a, VI-b, VI-c, VI-d, VI-e, VI-f, VI-g, VI-h, VI-i, VI-j,VI-k, VI-l, VI-m, VI-n, VI-o, VI-p, VI-q, VI-r, VI-s, VI-t, VI-v, VI-x,VI-y, VI-z, or VI-aa wherein both X and Y are ═N—. In some embodiments,the present invention provides a compound of any one of formulae VI-a,VI-b, VI-c, VI-d, VI-e, VI-f, VI-g, VI-h, VI-i, VI-j, VI-k, VI-l, VI-m,VI-n, VI-o, VI-p, VI-q, VI-r, VI-s, VI-t, VI-v, VI-x, VI-y, VI-z, orVI-aa wherein X is ═N— and Y is ═C(R⁶)—. In some embodiments, thepresent invention provides a compound of any one of formulae VI-a, VI-b,VI-c, VI-d, VI-e, VI-f, VI-g, VI-h, VI-i, VI-j, VI-k, VI-l, VI-m, VI-n,VI-o, VI-p, VI-q, VI-r, VI-s, VI-t, VI-v, VI-x, VI-y, VI-z, or VI-aawherein X is ═C(R⁶)— and Y is ═N—. In some embodiments, the presentinvention provides a compound of any one of formulae VI-a, VI-b, VI-c,VI-d, VI-e, VI-f, VI-g, VI-h, VI-i, VI-j, VI-k, VI-l, VI-m, VI-n, VI-o,VI-p, VI-q, VI-r, VI-s, VI-t, VI-v, VI-x, VI-y, VI-z, or VI-aa wherein Xis ═C(R⁶)— and Y is ═N—, thereby forming a compound of formulae VII-a,VII-b, VII-c, VII-d, VII-e, VII-f, VII-g, VII-h, VII-i, VII-j, VII-k,VII-l, VII-m, VII-n, VII-o, VII-p, VII-q, VII-r, VII-s, VII-t, VII-v,VII-x, VII-y, VII-z, and VII-aa respectively:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of, L¹, R¹,R^(1′), R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and m is as defined above and described inembodiments herein, both singly and in combination.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of one offormulae VII-a, VII-b, VII-c, VII-d, VII-e, VII-f, VII-g, VII-h, VII-i,VII-j, VII-k, VII-l, VII-m, VII-n, VII-o, VII-p, VII-q, VII-r, VII-s,VII-t, VII-v, VII-x, VII-y, VII-z, or VII-aa, wherein m is 0. In someembodiments, the present invention provides a compound of one offormulae VII-a, VII-b, VII-c, VII-d, VII-e, VII-f, VII-g, VII-h, VII-i,VII-j, VII-k, VII-l, VII-m, VII-n, VII-o, VII-p, VII-q, VII-r, VII-s,VII-t, VII-v, VII-x, VII-y, VII-z, or VII-aa, wherein m is 1.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of one offormulae VII-a, VII-b, VII-c, VII-d, VII-e, VII-f, VII-g, VII-h, VII-i,VII-j, VII-k, VII-l, VII-m, VII-n, VII-o, VII-p, VII-q, VII-r, VII-s,VII-t, VII-v, VII-x, VII-y, VII-z, or VII-aa, wherein R⁶ is hydrogen. Insome embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of one offormulae VII-a, VII-b, VII-c, VII-d, VII-e, VII-f, VII-g, VII-h, VII-i,VII-j, VII-k, VII-l, VII-m, VII-n, VII-o, VII-p, VII-q, VII-r, VII-s,VII-t, VII-v, VII-x, VII-y, VII-z, or VII-aa, wherein m is 0, and R⁶ ishydrogen.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of one offormulae VII-a, VII-b, VII-c, VII-d, VII-e, VII-f, VII-g, VII-h, VII-i,VII-j, VII-k, VII-l, VII-m, VII-n, VII-o, VII-p, VII-q, VII-r, VII-s,VII-t, VII-v, VII-x, VII-y, VII-z, or VII-aa, wherein R³ is C₂₋₆aliphatic. In some embodiments, the present invention provides acompound of one of formulae VII-a, VII-b, VII-c, VII-d, VII-e, VII-f,VII-g, VII-h, VII-i, VII-j, VII-k, VII-l, VII-m, VII-n, VII-o, VII-p,VII-q, VII-r, VII-s, VII-t, VII-v, VII-x, VII-y, VII-z, or VII-aa,wherein R³ is Cy¹.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of one offormulae VII-a, VII-b, VII-c, VII-d, VII-e, VII-f, VII-g, VII-h, VII-i,VII-j, VII-k, VII-l, VII-m, VII-n, VII-o, VII-p, VII-q, VII-r, VII-s,VII-t, VII-v, VII-x, VII-y, VII-z, or VII-aa, wherein R⁵ is Cy².

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of one offormulae VII-a, VII-b, VII-c, VII-d, VII-e, VII-f, VII-g, VII-h, VII-i,VII-j, VII-k, VII-l, VII-m, VII-n, VII-o, VII-p, VII-q, VII-r, VII-s,VII-t, VII-v, VII-x, VII-y, VII-z, or VII-aa, wherein R¹ and R^(1′) areboth hydrogen.

In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of oneof formulae III-a, III-b, III-c, or III-d, wherein R³ is C₂₋₆ aliphatic.In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of oneof formulae III-a, III-b, III-c, or III-d, wherein R³ is Cy¹. In certainembodiments, the present invention provides a compound of one offormulae III-a, III-b, III-c, or III-d, wherein R³ is phenyl; therebyforming a compound of formula VIII-a, VIII-b, VIII-c, or VIII-drespectively:

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of one offormulae VIII-a, VIII-b, VIII-c, or VIII-d wherein R⁵ is Cy². In someembodiments, the present invention provides a compound of one offormulae VIII-a, VIII-b, VIII-c, or VIII-d wherein L¹ is absent and R⁵is Cy². In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compoundof one of formulae VIII-a, VIII-b, VIII-c, or VIII-d wherein L¹ is—C(O)— and R⁵ is Cy².

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of one offormulae VIII-a, VIII-b, VIII-c, or VIII-d wherein m is 0. In someembodiments, the present invention provides a compound of one offormulae VIII-a, VIII-b, VIII-c, or VIII-d wherein m is 1.

Exemplary compounds of the invention are set forth in Table 1, below.

TABLE 1 Exemplary Compounds I-1

I-2

I-3

I-4

I-5

I-6

I-7

I-8

I-9

I-10

I-11

I-12

I-13

I-14

I-15

I-16

I-17

I-18

I-19

I-20

I-21

I-22

I-23

I-24

I-25

I-26

I-27

I-28

I-29

I-30

I-31

I-32

I-33

I-34

I-35

I-36

I-37

I-38

I-39

I-40

I-41

I-42

I-43

I-44

I-45

I-46

I-47

I-48

I-49

I-50

I-51

I-52

I-53

I-54

I-55

I-56

I-57

I-58

I-59

I-60

I-61

I-62

I-63

I-64

I-65

I-66

I-67

I-68

I-69

I-70

I-71

I-72

I-73

I-74

I-75

I-76

I-77

I-78

I-79

I-80

I-81

I-82

I-83

I-84

I-85

I-86

I-87

I-88

I-89

I-90

I-91

I-92

I-93

I-94

I-95

I-96

I-97

I-98

I-99

I-100

I-101

I-102

I-103

I-104

I-105

I-106

I-107

I-108

I-109

I-110

I-111

I-112

I-113

I-114

I-115

I-116

I-117

I-118

I-119

I-120

I-121

I-122

I-123

I-124

I-125

I-126

I-127

I-128

I-129

I-130

I-131

I-132

I-133

I-134

I-135

I-136

I-137

I-138

I-139

I-140

I-141

I-142

I-143

I-144

I-145

I-146

I-147

I-148

I-149

I-150

I-151

I-152

I-153

I-154

I-155

I-156

I-157

I-158

I-159

I-160

I-161

I-162

I-163

I-164

I-165

I-166

I-167

I-168

I-169

I-170

I-171

I-172

I-173

I-174

I-175

I-176

I-177

I-178

I-179

I-180

I-181

I-182

I-183

I-184

I-185

I-186

I-187

I-188

I-189

I-190

I-191

I-192

I-193

I-194

I-195

I-196

I-197

I-198

I-199

I-200

I-201

I-202

I-203

I-204

I-205

I-206

I-207

I-208

I-209

I-210

I-211

I-212

I-213

I-214

I-215

I-216

I-217

I-218

I-219

I-220

I-221

I-222

I-223

I-224

I-225

I-226

I-227

I-228

I-229

I-230

I-231

I-232

I-233

I-234

I-235

In some embodiments, the method employs a compound set forth in Table 1,above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believedthat proximity of an inhibitor compound, or pendant moiety of aninhibitor compound, to the water of interest facilitates displacement ordisruption of that water by the inhibitor compound, or pendant moiety ofan inhibitor compound. In some embodiments, a water molecule displacedor disrupted by an inhibitor compound, or pendant moiety of an inhibitorcompound, is an unstable water molecule.

In certain embodiments, the method employs a complex comprising TYK2 andan inhibitor, wherein at least one unstable water of TYK2 is displacedor disrupted by the inhibitor. In some embodiments, at least twounstable waters selected are displaced or disrupted by the inhibitor.

5. Uses, Formulation and Administration

Pharmaceutically Acceptable Compositions

According to another embodiment, the invention provides a compositioncomprising a compound of this invention or a pharmaceutically acceptablederivative thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant,or vehicle. The amount of compound in compositions of this invention issuch that is effective to measurably inhibit a TYK2 protein kinase, or amutant thereof, in a biological sample or in a patient. In certainembodiments, the amount of compound in compositions of this invention issuch that is effective to measurably inhibit a TYK2 protein kinase, or amutant thereof, in a biological sample or in a patient. In certainembodiments, a composition of this invention is formulated foradministration to a patient in need of such composition. In someembodiments, a composition of this invention is formulated for oraladministration to a patient.

The term “patient,” as used herein, means an animal, preferably amammal, and most preferably a human.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle”refers to a non-toxic carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle that does notdestroy the pharmacological activity of the compound with which it isformulated. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants or vehiclesthat may be used in the compositions of this invention include, but arenot limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin,serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such asphosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceridemixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts orelectrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate,potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidalsilica, magnesium tri silicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-basedsubstances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose,polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers,polyethylene glycol and wool fat.

A “pharmaceutically acceptable derivative” means any non-toxic salt,ester, salt of an ester or other derivative of a compound of thisinvention that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable ofproviding, either directly or indirectly, a compound of this inventionor an inhibitorily active metabolite or residue thereof.

As used herein, the term “inhibitorily active metabolite or residuethereof” means that a metabolite or residue thereof is also an inhibitorof a TYK2 protein kinase, or a mutant thereof.

Compositions of the present invention may be administered orally,parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally,buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir. The term “parenteral”as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular,intra-articular, intra-synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal,intrahepatic, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusiontechniques. Preferably, the compositions are administered orally,intraperitoneally or intravenously. Sterile injectable forms of thecompositions of this invention may be aqueous or oleaginous suspension.These suspensions may be formulated according to techniques known in theart using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents.The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectablesolution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent orsolvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among theacceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water,Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition,sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent orsuspending medium.

For this purpose, any bland fixed oil may be employed includingsynthetic mono- or di-glycerides. Fatty acids, such as oleic acid andits glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables,as are natural pharmaceutically-acceptable oils, such as olive oil orcastor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions. These oilsolutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluentor dispersant, such as carboxymethyl cellulose or similar dispersingagents that are commonly used in the formulation of pharmaceuticallyacceptable dosage forms including emulsions and suspensions. Othercommonly used surfactants, such as Tweens, Spans and other emulsifyingagents or bioavailability enhancers which are commonly used in themanufacture of pharmaceutically acceptable solid, liquid, or otherdosage forms may also be used for the purposes of formulation.

Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention may be orallyadministered in any orally acceptable dosage form including, but notlimited to, capsules, tablets, aqueous suspensions or solutions. In thecase of tablets for oral use, carriers commonly used include lactose andcorn starch. Lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, are alsotypically added. For oral administration in a capsule form, usefuldiluents include lactose and dried cornstarch. When aqueous suspensionsare required for oral use, the active ingredient is combined withemulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening,flavoring or coloring agents may also be added.

Alternatively, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of thisinvention may be administered in the form of suppositories for rectaladministration. These can be prepared by mixing the agent with asuitable non-irritating excipient that is solid at room temperature butliquid at rectal temperature and therefore will melt in the rectum torelease the drug. Such materials include cocoa butter, beeswax andpolyethylene glycols.

Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention may also beadministered topically, especially when the target of treatment includesareas or organs readily accessible by topical application, includingdiseases of the eye, the skin, or the lower intestinal tract. Suitabletopical formulations are readily prepared for each of these areas ororgans.

Topical application for the lower intestinal tract can be effected in arectal suppository formulation (see above) or in a suitable enemaformulation. Topically-transdermal patches may also be used.

For topical applications, provided pharmaceutically acceptablecompositions may be formulated in a suitable ointment containing theactive component suspended or dissolved in one or more carriers.Carriers for topical administration of compounds of this inventioninclude, but are not limited to, mineral oil, liquid petrolatum, whitepetrolatum, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylenecompound, emulsifying wax and water. Alternatively, providedpharmaceutically acceptable compositions can be formulated in a suitablelotion or cream containing the active components suspended or dissolvedin one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Suitable carriersinclude, but are not limited to, mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate,polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol,benzyl alcohol and water.

For ophthalmic use, provided pharmaceutically acceptable compositionsmay be formulated as micronized suspensions in isotonic, pH adjustedsterile saline, or, preferably, as solutions in isotonic, pH adjustedsterile saline, either with or without a preservative such asbenzylalkonium chloride. Alternatively, for ophthalmic uses, thepharmaceutically acceptable compositions may be formulated in anointment such as petrolatum.

Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention may also beadministered by nasal aerosol or inhalation. Such compositions areprepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceuticalformulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzylalcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhancebioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other conventional solubilizingor dispersing agents.

Most preferably, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of thisinvention are formulated for oral administration. Such formulations maybe administered with or without food. In some embodiments,pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention areadministered without food. In other embodiments, pharmaceuticallyacceptable compositions of this invention are administered with food.

The amount of compounds of the present invention that may be combinedwith the carrier materials to produce a composition in a single dosageform will vary depending upon the host treated, the particular mode ofadministration. Preferably, provided compositions should be formulatedso that a dosage of between 0.01-100 mg/kg body weight/day of theinhibitor can be administered to a patient receiving these compositions.

It should also be understood that a specific dosage and treatmentregimen for any particular patient will depend upon a variety offactors, including the activity of the specific compound employed, theage, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration,rate of excretion, drug combination, and the judgment of the treatingphysician and the severity of the particular disease being treated. Theamount of a compound of the present invention in the composition willalso depend upon the particular compound in the composition.

Uses of Compounds and Pharmaceutically Acceptable Compositions

Compounds and compositions described herein are generally useful for theinhibition of kinase activity of one or more enzymes. In someembodiments the kinase inhibited by the compounds and methods of theinvention is TYK2

TYK2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase member of the Janus kinase (JAKs)family of protein kinases. The mammalian JAK family consists of fourmembers, TYK2, JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3. JAK proteins, including TYK2, areintegral to cytokine signaling. TYK2 associates with the cytoplasmicdomain of type I and type II cytokine receptors, as well as interferontypes I and III receptors, and is activated by those receptors uponcytokine binding. Cytokines implicated in TYK2 activation includeinterferons (e.g. IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-κ, IFN-δ, IFN-ε, IFN-τ, IFN-ω, andIFN-ζ (also known as limitin), and interleukins (e.g. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10,IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-31, oncostatin M, ciliaryneurotrophic factor, cardiotrophin 1, cardiotrophin-like cytokine, andLIF). Velasquez et al., “A protein kinase in the interferon α/βsignaling pathway,” Cell (1992) 70:313; Stahl et al., “Association andactivation of Jak-Tyk kinases by CNTF-LIF-OSM-IL-6β receptorcomponents,” Science (1994) 263:92; Finbloom et al., “IL-10 induces thetyrosine phosphorylation of Tyk2 and Jak1 and the differential assemblyof Stat1 and Stat3 complexes in human T cells and monocytes,” J.Immunol. (1995) 155:1079; Bacon et al., “Interleukin 12 (IL-12) inducestyrosine phosphorylation of Jak2 and Tyk2: differential use of Janusfamily kinases by IL-2 and IL-12,” J. Exp. Med. (1995) 181:399; Welhamet al., “Interleukin-13 signal transduction in lymphohemopoietic cells:similarities and differences in signal transduction with interleukin-4and insulin,” J. Biol. Chem. (1995) 270:12286; Parham et al., “Areceptor for the heterodimeric cytokine IL-23 is composed of IL-12Rβ1and a novel cytokine receptor subunit, IL-23R,” J. Immunol. (2002)168:5699. The activated TYK2 then goes on to phosphorylate furthersignaling proteins such as members of the STAT family, including STAT1,STAT2, STAT4, and STAT6.

TYK2 activation by IL-23, has been linked to inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. Duerr et al., “AGenome-Wide Association Study Identifies IL23R as an Inflammatory BowelDisease Gene,” Science (2006) 314:1461-1463. As the downstream effectorof IL-23, TYK2 also plays a role in psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis,and Behçet's disease. Cho et al., “Genomics and the multifactorialnature of human auto-immune disease,” N. Engl. J. Med (2011)365:1612-1623; Remmers et al., “Genome-wide association study identifiesvariants in the MHC class I, IL10, and IL23R-IL12RB2 regions associatedwith Behçet's disease,” Nat. Genet. (2010) 42:698-702. A genome-wideassociation study of 2,622 individuals with psoriasis identifiedassociations between disease susceptibility and TYK2. Strange et al., “Agenome-wide association study identifies new psoriasis susceptibilityloci and an interaction between HLA-C and ERAP1,” Nat. Genet. (2010)42:985-992. Knockout or tyrphostin inhibition of TYK2 significantlyreduces both IL-23 and IL-22-induced dermatitis. Ishizaki et al., “Tyk2is a therapeutic target for psoriasis-like skin inflammation,” Intl.Immunol. (2013), doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxt062.

TYK2 also plays a role in respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronicobstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and cystic fibrosis.Goblet cell hyperplasia (GCH) and mucous hypersecretion is mediated byIL-13-induced activation of TYK2, which in turn activates STAT6. Zhanget al., “Docking protein Gab2 regulates mucin expression and goblet cellhyperplasia through TYK2/STAT6 pathway,” FASEB J. (2012) 26:1-11.

Decreased TYK2 activity leads to protection of joints from collagenantibody-induced arthritis, a model of human rheumatoid arthritis.Mechanistically, decreased Tyk2 activity reduced the production ofT_(h)1/T_(h)17-related cytokines and matrix metalloproteases, and otherkey markers of inflammation. Ishizaki et al., “Tyk2 deficiency protectsjoints against destruction in anti-type II collagen antibody-inducedarthritis in mice,” Intl. Immunol. (2011) 23(9):575-582.

TYK2 knockout mice showed complete resistance in experimental autoimmuneencephalomyelitis (EAE, an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS)),with no infiltration of CD4 T cells in the spinal cord, as compared tocontrols, suggesting that TYK2 is essential to pathogenic CD4-mediateddisease development in MS. Oyamada et al., “Tyrosine Kinase 2 PlaysCritical Roles in the Pathogenic CD4 T Cell Responses for theDevelopment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis,” J. Immunol.(2009) 183:7539-7546. This corroborates earlier studies linkingincreased TYK2 expression with MS susceptibility. Ban et al.,“Replication analysis identifies TYK2 as a multiple sclerosissusceptibility factor,” Eur J. Hum. Genet. (2009) 17:1309-1313. Loss offunction mutation in TYK2, leads to decreased demyelination andincreased remyelination of neurons, further suggesting a role for TYK2inhibitors in the treatment of MS and other CNS demyelination disorders.

TYK2 is the sole signaling messenger common to both IL-12 and IL-23.TYK2 knockout reduced methylated BSA injection-induced footpadthickness, imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation, anddextran sulfate sodium or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-inducedcolitis in mice.

Joint linkage and association studies of various type I IFN signalinggenes with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, an autoimmune disorder),showed a strong, and significant correlation between loss of functionmutations to TYK2 and decreased prevalence of SLE in families withaffected members. Sigurdsson et al., “Polymorphisms in the TyrosineKinase 2 and Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 Genes Are Associated withSystemic Lupis Erythematosus,” Am. J. Hum. Genet. (2005) 76:528-537.Genome-wide association studies of individuals with SLE versus anunaffected cohort showed highly significant correlation between the TYK2locus and SLE. Graham et al., “Association of NCF2, IKZF1, IRF8, IFIH1,and TYK2 with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,” PLoS Genetics (2011)7(10):e1002341.

TYK2 has been shown to play an important role in maintaining tumorsurveillance and TYK2 knockout mice showed compromised cytotoxic T cellresponse, and accelerated tumor development. However, these effects werelinked to the efficient suppression of natural killer (NK) and cytotoxicT lymphocytes, suggesting that TYK2 inhibitors would be highly suitablefor the treatment of autoimmune disorders or transplant rejection.Although other JAK family members such as JAK3 have similar roles in theimmune system, TYK2 has been suggested as a superior target because ofits involvement in fewer and more closely related signaling pathways,leading to fewer off-target effects. Simma et al. “Identification of anIndispensable Role for Tyrosine Kinase 2 in CTL-Mediated TumorSurveillance,” Cancer Res. (2009) 69:203-211.

However, paradoxically to the decreased tumor surveillance observed bySimma et al., studies in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)indicate that T-ALL is highly dependent on IL-10 via TYK2 viaSTAT1-mediated signal transduction to maintain cancer cell survivalthrough upregulation of anti-apoptotic protein BCL2. Knockdown of TYK2,but not other JAK family members, reduced cell growth. Specificactivating mutations to TYK2 that promote cancer cell survival includethose to the FERM domain (G36D, S47N, and R425H), the JH2 domain(V731I), and the kinase domain (E957D and R1027H). However, it was alsoidentified that the kinase function of TYK2 is required for increasedcancer cell survival, as TYK2 enzymes featuring kinase-dead mutations(M978Y or M978F) in addition to an activating mutation (E957D) resultedin failure to transform. Sanda et al. “TYK2-STAT1-BCL2 PathwayDependence in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia,” Cancer Disc. (2013)3(5):564-577. Whole transcriptome sequencing studies have implicated thepotential role of Tyk2 in pathogenesis of cutaneous CD30-positivelymphoproliferative disorders (e.g. lymphomatoid papulosis, anaplasticlarge cell lymphoma), by genetic mutations leading to Tyk2 fusionproteins with constitutive Tyk2 activity. “A novel recurrent NPM1-TYK2gene fusion in cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders,”Blood (2014) doi:10.1182/blood-2014-07-588434.

Thus, selective inhibition of TYK2 has been suggested as a suitabletarget for patients with IL-10 and/or BCL2-addicted tumors, such as 70%of adult T-cell leukemia cases. Fontan et al. “Discovering What MakesSTAT Signaling TYK in T-ALL,” Cancer Disc. (2013) 3:494-496.

TYK2 mediated STAT3 signaling has also been shown to mediate neuronalcell death caused by amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Decreased TYK2phosphorylation of STAT3 following Aβ administration lead to decreasedneuronal cell death, and increased phosphorylation of STAT3 has beenobserved in postmorterm brains of Alzheimer's patients. Wan et al.“Tyk/STAT3 Signaling Mediates β-Amyloid-Induced Neuronal Cell Death:Implications in Alzheimer's Disease,” J. Neurosci. (2010)30(20):6873-6881.

Accordingly, compounds that inhibit the activity of TYK2 are beneficial,especially those with selectivity over JAK2. Such compounds shoulddeliver a pharmacological response that favorably treats one or more ofthe conditions described herein without the side-effects associated withthe inhibition of JAK2.

Even though TYK2 inhibitors are known in the art, there is a continuingneed to provide novel inhibitors having more effective or advantageouspharmaceutically relevant properties. For example, compounds withincreased activity, selectivity over other JAK kinases (especiallyJAK2), and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion,and/or toxicity) properties. Thus, in some embodiments, the presentinvention provides inhibitors of TYK2 which show selectivity over JAK2.

The activity of a compound utilized in this invention as an inhibitor ofTYK2, or a mutant thereof, may be assayed in vitro, in vivo or in a cellline. In vitro assays include assays that determine inhibition of eitherthe phosphorylation activity and/or the subsequent functionalconsequences, or ATPase activity of activated TYK2, or a mutant thereof.Alternate in vitro assays quantitate the ability of the inhibitor tobind to TYK2. Inhibitor binding may be measured by radiolabeling theinhibitor prior to binding, isolating the inhibitor/TYK2 complex anddetermining the amount of radiolabel bound. Alternatively, inhibitorbinding may be determined by running a competition experiment where newinhibitors are incubated with TYK2 bound to known radioligands.Representative in vitro and in vivo assays useful in assaying a TYK2inhibitor include those described and disclosed in, e.g., each of whichis herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Detailed conditionsfor assaying a compound utilized in this invention as an inhibitor ofTYK2, or a mutant thereof, are set forth in the Examples below.

As used herein, the terms “treatment,” “treat,” and “treating” refer toreversing, alleviating, delaying the onset of, or inhibiting theprogress of a disease or disorder, or one or more symptoms thereof, asdescribed herein. In some embodiments, treatment may be administeredafter one or more symptoms have developed. In other embodiments,treatment may be administered in the absence of symptoms. For example,treatment may be administered to a susceptible individual prior to theonset of symptoms (e.g., in light of a history of symptoms and/or inlight of genetic or other susceptibility factors). Treatment may also becontinued after symptoms have resolved, for example to prevent or delaytheir recurrence.

Provided compounds are inhibitors of TYK2 and are therefore useful fortreating one or more disorders associated with activity of TYK2 ormutants thereof. Thus, in certain embodiments, the present inventionprovides a method for treating a TYK2-mediated disorder comprising thestep of administering to a patient in need thereof a compound of thepresent invention, or pharmaceutically acceptable composition thereof.

As used herein, the term “TYK2-mediated” disorders, diseases, and/orconditions as used herein means any disease or other deleteriouscondition in which TYK2 or a mutant thereof is known to play a role.Accordingly, another embodiment of the present invention relates totreating or lessening the severity of one or more diseases in whichTYK2, or a mutant thereof, is known to play a role. Such TYK2-mediateddisorders include but are not limited to autoimmune disorders,inflammatory disorders, proliferative disorders, endocrine disorders,neurological disorders and disorders associated with transplantation.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method fortreating one or more disorders, wherein the disorders are selected fromautoimmune disorders, inflammatory disorders, proliferative disorders,endocrine disorders, neurological disorders, and disorders associatedwith transplantation, said method comprising administering to a patientin need thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effectiveamount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the disorder is an autoimmune disorder. In someembodiments the autoimmune disorder is type 1 diabetes, systemic lupuserythematosus, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, Behçet's disease, POEMSsyndrome, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, ankylosing spondylitis,axial spondyloarthritis, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmunehepatitis, or inflammatory bowel disease.

In some embodiments, the disorder is an inflammatory disorder. In someembodiments, the inflammatory disorder is rheumatoid arthritis, asthma,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, psoriasis, hepatomegaly, Crohn'sdisease, ulcerative colitis, ankylosing spondylitis, axialspondyloarthritis, primary biliary cirrhosis, polymyalgia rheumatica,giant cell arteritis, or inflammatory bowel disease.

In some embodiments, the disorder is a proliferative disorder. In someembodiments, the proliferative disorder is a hematological cancer. Insome embodiments, the proliferative disorder is a lymphoproliferativedisorder. In some embodiments the proliferative disorder is a leukemia.In some embodiments, the leukemia is a T-cell leukemia. In someembodiments the T-cell leukemia is T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL). In some embodiments, the lymphoproliferative disorder islymphomatoid papulosis or anaplastic large cell lymphoma. In someembodiments the proliferative disorder is polycythemia vera,myelofibrosis, essential or thrombocytosis.

In some embodiments, the disorder is an endocrine disorder. In someembodiments, the endocrine disorder is polycystic ovary syndrome,Crouzon's syndrome, or type 1 diabetes.

In some embodiments, the disorder is a neurological disorder. In someembodiments, the neurological disorder is Alzheimer's disease.

In some embodiments the proliferative disorder is associated with one ormore activating mutations in TYK2. In some embodiments, the activatingmutation in TYK2 is a mutation to the FERM domain, the JH₂ domain, orthe kinase domain. In some embodiments the activating mutation in TYK2is selected from G36D, S47N, R425H, V731I, E957D, and R1027H.

In some embodiments, the disorder is associated with transplantation. Insome embodiments the disorder associated with transplantation istransplant rejection, or graft versus host disease.

In some embodiments the disorder is associated with type I interferon,IL-10, IL-12, or IL-23 signaling. In some embodiments the disorder isassociated with type I interferon signaling. In some embodiments thedisorder is associated with IL-10 signaling. In some embodiments thedisorder is associated with IL-12 signaling. In some embodiments thedisorder is associated with IL-23 signaling. In some embodiments thedisorder is a type I interferonopathy. In some embodiments the type Iinterferonopathy is Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, bilateral striatalnecrosis, chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophyand elevated temperature (CANDLE), complete non-penetrance,dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria, familial chilblain lupus,Japanese autoinflammatory syndrome with lipodystrophy (JASL), jointcontractures, muscle atrophy, microcytic anaemia, panniculitis, andlipodystrophy (JMP), Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease(MSMD), Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome, retinal vasculopathy with cerebralleukodystrophy (RVCL), spastic paraparesis, STING-associatedvasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI), Singleton-Merten syndrome, orspondylochondromatosis (SPENCD).

Compounds of the invention are also useful in the treatment ofinflammatory or allergic conditions of the skin, for example psoriasis,contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, erythemamultiforma, dermatitis herpetiformis, scleroderma, vitiligo,hypersensitivity angiitis, urticaria, bullous pemphigoid, lupuserythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus, pemphigus vulgaris,pemphigus foliaceus, paraneoplastic pemphigus, epidermolysis bullosaacquisita, acne vulgaris, and other inflammatory or allergic conditionsof the skin.

Compounds of the invention may also be used for the treatment of otherdiseases or conditions, such as diseases or conditions having aninflammatory component, for example, treatment of diseases andconditions of the eye such as ocular allergy, conjunctivitis,keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and vernal conjunctivitis, diseasesaffecting the nose including allergic rhinitis, and inflammatory diseasein which autoimmune reactions are implicated or having an autoimmunecomponent or etiology, including autoimmune hematological disorders(e.g. hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, pure red cell anemia andidiopathic thrombocytopenia), systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoidarthritis, polychondritis, scleroderma, Wegener granulamatosis,dermatomyositis, chronic active hepatitis, myasthenia gravis,Steven-Johnson syndrome, idiopathic sprue, autoimmune inflammatory boweldisease (e.g. ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), irritable bowelsyndrome, celiac disease, periodontitis, hyaline membrane disease,kidney disease, glomerular disease, alcoholic liver disease, multiplesclerosis, endocrine opthalmopathy, Grave's disease, sarcoidosis,alveolitis, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, multiple sclerosis,primary biliary cirrhosis, uveitis (anterior and posterior), Sjogren'ssyndrome, keratoconjunctivitis sicca and vernal keratoconjunctivitis,interstitial lung fibrosis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic juvenileidiopathic arthritis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome, nephritis,vasculitis, diverticulitis, interstitial cystitis, glomerulonephritis(with and without nephrotic syndrome, e.g. including idiopathicnephrotic syndrome or minal change nephropathy), chronic granulomatousdisease, endometriosis, leptospiriosis renal disease, glaucoma, retinaldisease, ageing, headache, pain, complex regional pain syndrome, cardiachypertrophy, musclewasting, catabolic disorders, obesity, fetal growthretardation, hyperchlolesterolemia, heart disease, chronic heartfailure, mesothelioma, anhidrotic ecodermal dysplasia, Behcet's disease,incontinentia pigmenti, Paget's disease, pancreatitis, hereditaryperiodic fever syndrome, asthma (allergic and non-allergic, mild,moderate, severe, bronchitic, and exercise-induced), acute lung injury,acute respiratory distress syndrome, eosinophilia, hypersensitivities,anaphylaxis, nasal sinusitis, ocular allergy, silica induced diseases,COPD (reduction of damage, airways inflammation, bronchialhyperreactivity, remodeling or disease progression), pulmonary disease,cystic fibrosis, acid-induced lung injury, pulmonary hypertension,polyneuropathy, cataracts, muscle inflammation in conjunction withsystemic sclerosis, inclusion body myositis, myasthenia gravis,thyroiditis, Addison's disease, lichen planus, Type 1 diabetes, or Type2 diabetes, appendicitis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergy,blepharitis, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, bursitis, cervicitis,cholangitis, cholecystitis, chronic graft rejection, colitis,conjunctivitis, Crohn's disease, cystitis, dacryoadenitis, dermatitis,dermatomyositis, encephalitis, endocarditis, endometritis, enteritis,enterocolitis, epicondylitis, epididymitis, fasciitis, fibrositis,gastritis, gastroenteritis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, hepatitis,hidradenitis suppurativa, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, interstitiallung disease, laryngitis, mastitis, meningitis, myelitis myocarditis,myositis, nephritis, oophoritis, orchitis, osteitis, otitis,pancreatitis, parotitis, pericarditis, peritonitis, pharyngitis,pleuritis, phlebitis, pneumonitis, pneumonia, polymyositis, proctitis,prostatitis, pyelonephritis, rhinitis, salpingitis, sinusitis,stomatitis, synovitis, tendonitis, tonsillitis, ulcerative colitis,uveitis, vaginitis, vasculitis, or vulvitis.

In some embodiments the inflammatory disease which can be treatedaccording to the methods of this invention is selected from acute andchronic gout, chronic gouty arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis,rheumatoid arthritis, Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic juvenileidiopathic arthritis (SJIA), Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndrome(CAPS), and osteoarthritis.

In some embodiments the inflammatory disease which can be treatedaccording to the methods of this invention is a T_(h)1 or T_(h)17mediated disease. In some embodiments the T_(h)17 mediated disease isselected from psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiplesclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn's disease orulcerative colitis).

In some embodiments the inflammatory disease which can be treatedaccording to the methods of this invention is selected from Sjogren'ssyndrome, allergic disorders, osteoarthritis, conditions of the eye suchas ocular allergy, conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca and vernalconjunctivitis, and diseases affecting the nose such as allergicrhinitis.

Furthermore, the invention provides the use of a compound according tothe definitions herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or ahydrate or solvate thereof for the preparation of a medicament for thetreatment of an autoimmune disorder, an inflammatory disorder, or aproliferative disorder, or a disorder commonly occurring in connectionwith transplantation.

Combination Therapies

Depending upon the particular condition, or disease, to be treated,additional therapeutic agents, which are normally administered to treatthat condition, may be administered in combination with compounds andcompositions of this invention. As used herein, additional therapeuticagents that are normally administered to treat a particular disease, orcondition, are known as “appropriate for the disease, or condition,being treated.”

In certain embodiments, a provided combination, or composition thereof,is administered in combination with another therapeutic agent.

Examples of agents the combinations of this invention may also becombined with include, without limitation: treatments for Alzheimer'sDisease such as Aricept® and Excelon®; treatments for HIV such asritonavir; treatments for Parkinson's Disease such as L-DOPA/carbidopa,entacapone, ropinrole, pramipexole, bromocriptine, pergolide,trihexephendyl, and amantadine; agents for treating Multiple Sclerosis(MS) such as beta interferon (e.g., Avonex® and Rebif®), Copaxone®, andmitoxantrone; treatments for asthma such as albuterol and Singulair®;agents for treating schizophrenia such as zyprexa, risperdal, seroquel,and haloperidol; anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids, TNFblockers, IL-1 RA, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and sulfasalazine;immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive agents such as cyclosporin,tacrolimus, rapamycin, mycophenolate mofetil, interferons,corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and sulfasalazine;neurotrophic factors such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, MAOinhibitors, interferons, anti-convulsants, ion channel blockers,riluzole, and anti-Parkinsonian agents; agents for treatingcardiovascular disease such as beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics,nitrates, calcium channel blockers, and statins; agents for treatingliver disease such as corticosteroids, cholestyramine, interferons, andanti-viral agents; agents for treating blood disorders such ascorticosteroids, anti-leukemic agents, and growth factors; agents thatprolong or improve pharmacokinetics such as cytochrome P450 inhibitors(i.e., inhibitors of metabolic breakdown) and CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g.,ketokenozole and ritonavir), and agents for treating immunodeficiencydisorders such as gamma globulin.

In certain embodiments, combination therapies of the present invention,or a pharmaceutically acceptable composition thereof, are administeredin combination with a monoclonal antibody or an siRNA therapeutic.

Those additional agents may be administered separately from a providedcombination therapy, as part of a multiple dosage regimen.Alternatively, those agents may be part of a single dosage form, mixedtogether with a compound of this invention in a single composition. Ifadministered as part of a multiple dosage regime, the two active agentsmay be submitted simultaneously, sequentially or within a period of timefrom one another normally within five hours from one another.

As used herein, the term “combination,” “combined,” and related termsrefers to the simultaneous or sequential administration of therapeuticagents in accordance with this invention. For example, a combination ofthe present invention may be administered with another therapeutic agentsimultaneously or sequentially in separate unit dosage forms or togetherin a single unit dosage form.

The amount of additional therapeutic agent present in the compositionsof this invention will be no more than the amount that would normally beadministered in a composition comprising that therapeutic agent as theonly active agent. Preferably the amount of additional therapeutic agentin the presently disclosed compositions will range from about 50% to100% of the amount normally present in a composition comprising thatagent as the only therapeutically active agent.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides a compositioncomprising a compound of formula I and one or more additionaltherapeutic agents. The therapeutic agent may be administered togetherwith a compound of formula I, or may be administered prior to orfollowing administration of a compound of formula I. Suitabletherapeutic agents are described in further detail below. In certainembodiments, a compound of formula I may be administered up to 5minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4hours, 5, hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours,12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, or 18 hoursbefore the therapeutic agent. In other embodiments, a compound offormula I may be administered up to 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes,30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5, hours, 6 hours, 7hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, or 18 hours following thetherapeutic agent.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method oftreating an inflammatory disease, disorder or condition by administeringto a patient in need thereof a compound of formula I and one or moreadditional therapeutic agents. Such additional therapeutic agents may besmall molecules or recombinant biologic agents and include, for example,acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such asaspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, etodolac (Lodine®) and celecoxib,colchicine (Colcrys®), corticosteroids such as prednisone, prednisolone,methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, and the like, probenecid,allopurinol, febuxostat (Uloric®), sulfasalazine (Azulfidine®),antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®) and chloroquine(Aralen®), methotrexate (Rheumatrex®), gold salts such as goldthioglucose (Solganal®), gold thiomalate (Myochrysine®) and auranofin(Ridaura®), D-penicillamine (Depen® or Cuprimine®), azathioprine(Imuran®), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®), chlorambucil (Leukeran®),cyclosporine (Sandimmune®), leflunomide (Arava®) and “anti-TNF” agentssuch as etanercept (Enbrel®), infliximab (Remicade®), golimumab(Simponi®), certolizumab pegol (Cimzia®) and adalimumab (Humira®),“anti-IL-1” agents such as anakinra (Kineret®) and rilonacept(Arcalyst®), canakinumab (Ilaris®), anti-Jak inhibitors such astofacitinib, antibodies such as rituximab (Rituxan®), “anti-T-cell”agents such as abatacept (Orencia®), “anti-IL-6” agents such astocilizumab (Actemra®), diclofenac, cortisone, hyaluronic acid (Synvisc®or Hyalgan®), monoclonal antibodies such as tanezumab, anticoagulantssuch as heparin (Calcinparine® or Liquaemin®) and warfarin (Coumadin®),antidiarrheals such as diphenoxylate (Lomotil®) and loperamide(Imodium®), bile acid binding agents such as cholestyramine, alosetron(Lotronex®), lubiprostone (Amitiza®), laxatives such as Milk ofMagnesia, polyethylene glycol (MiraLax®), Dulcolax®, Correctol® andSenokot®, anticholinergics or antispasmodics such as dicyclomine(Bentyl®), Singulair®, beta-2 agonists such as albuterol (Ventolin® HFA,Proventil® HFA), levalbuterol (Xopenex®), metaproterenol (Alupent®),pirbuterol acetate (Maxair®), terbutaline sulfate (Brethaire®),salmeterol xinafoate (Serevent®) and formoterol (Foradil®),anticholinergic agents such as ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®) andtiotropium (Spiriva®), inhaled corticosteroids such as beclomethasonedipropionate (Beclovent®, Qvar®, and Vanceril®), triamcinolone acetonide(Azmacort®), mometasone (Asthmanex®), budesonide (Pulmocort®), andflunisolide (Aerobid®), Afviar®, Symbicort®, Dulera®, cromolyn sodium(Intal®), methylxanthines such as theophylline (Theo-Dur®, Theolair®,Slo-bid®, Uniphyl®, Theo-24®) and aminophylline, IgE antibodies such asomalizumab (Xolair®), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors suchas zidovudine (Retrovir®), abacavir (Ziagen®), abacavir/lamivudine(Epzicom®), abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine (Trizivir®), didanosine(Videx®), emtricitabine (Emtriva®), lamivudine (Epivir®),lamivudine/zidovudine (Combivir®), stavudine (Zerit®), and zalcitabine(Hivid®), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors such asdelavirdine (Rescriptor®), efavirenz (Sustiva®), nevairapine (Viramune®)and etravirine (Intelence®), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitorssuch as tenofovir (Viread®), protease inhibitors such as amprenavir(Agenerase®), atazanavir (Reyataz®), darunavir (Prezista®),fosamprenavir (Lexiva®), indinavir (Crixivan®), lopinavir and ritonavir(Kaletra®), nelfinavir (Viracept®), ritonavir (Norvir®), saquinavir(Fortovase® or Invirase®), and tipranavir (Aptivus®), entry inhibitorssuch as enfuvirtide (Fuzeon®) and maraviroc (Selzentry®), integraseinhibitors such as raltegravir (Isentress®), doxorubicin(Hydrodaunorubicin®), vincristine (Oncovin®), bortezomib (Velcade®), anddexamethasone (Decadron®) in combination with lenalidomide (Revlimid®),or any combination(s) thereof.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method oftreating rheumatoid arthritis comprising administering to a patient inneed thereof a compound of formula I and one or more additionaltherapeutic agents selected from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDS) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, etodolac (Lodine®) andcelecoxib, corticosteroids such as prednisone, prednisolone,methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, and the like, sulfasalazine(Azulfidine®), antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®) andchloroquine (Aralen®), methotrexate (Rheumatrex®), gold salts such asgold thioglucose (Solganal®), gold thiomalate (Myochrysine®) andauranofin (Ridaura®), D-penicillamine (Depen® or Cuprimine®),azathioprine (Imuran®), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®), chlorambucil(Leukeran®), cyclosporine (Sandimmune®), leflunomide (Arava®) and“anti-TNF” agents such as etanercept (Enbrel®), infliximab (Remicade®),golimumab (Simponi®), certolizumab pegol (Cimzia®) and adalimumab(Humira®), “anti-IL-1” agents such as anakinra (Kineret®) and rilonacept(Arcalyst®), antibodies such as rituximab (Rituxan®), “anti-T-cell”agents such as abatacept (Orencia®) and “anti-IL-6” agents such astocilizumab (Actemra®).

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treatingosteoarthritis comprising administering to a patient in need thereof acompound of formula I and one or more additional therapeutic agentsselected from acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDS) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, etodolac (Lodine®) andcelecoxib, diclofenac, cortisone, hyaluronic acid (Synvisc® or Hyalgan®)and monoclonal antibodies such as tanezumab.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treatingsystemic lupus erythematosus comprising administering to a patient inneed thereof a compound of formula I and one or more additionaltherapeutic agents selected from acetaminophen, non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen,etodolac (Lodine®) and celecoxib, corticosteroids such as prednisone,prednisolone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, and the like,antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®) and chloroquine(Aralen®), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®), methotrexate (Rheumatrex®),azathioprine (Imuran®) and anticoagulants such as heparin (Calcinparine®or Liquaemin®) and warfarin (Coumadin®).

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treatingCrohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or inflammatory bowel diseasecomprising administering to a patient in need thereof a compound offormula I and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected frommesalamine (Asacol®) sulfasalazine (Azulfidine®), antidiarrheals such asdiphenoxylate (Lomotil®) and loperamide (Imodium®), bile acid bindingagents such as cholestyramine, alosetron (Lotronex®), lubiprostone(Amitiza®), laxatives such as Milk of Magnesia, polyethylene glycol(MiraLax®), Dulcolax®, Correctol® and Senokot® and anticholinergics orantispasmodics such as dicyclomine (Bentyl®), anti-TNF therapies,steroids, and antibiotics such as Flagyl or ciprofloxacin.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treatingasthma comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a compoundof formula I and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected fromSingulair®, beta-2 agonists such as albuterol (Ventolin® HFA, Proventil®HFA), levalbuterol (Xopenex®), metaproterenol (Alupent®), pirbuterolacetate (Maxair®), terbutaline sulfate (Brethaire®), salmeterolxinafoate (Serevent®) and formoterol (Foradil®), anticholinergic agentssuch as ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®) and tiotropium (Spiriva®),inhaled corticosteroids such as prednisone, prednisolone, beclomethasonedipropionate (Beclovent®, Qvar®, and Vanceril®), triamcinolone acetonide(Azmacort®), mometasone (Asthmanex®), budesonide (Pulmocort®),flunisolide (Aerobid®), Afviar®, Symbicort®, and Dulera®, cromolynsodium (Intal®), methylxanthines such as theophylline (Theo-Dur®,Theolair®, Slo-bid®, Uniphyl®, Theo-24®) and aminophylline, and IgEantibodies such as omalizumab (Xolair®).

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treatingCOPD comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a compound offormula I and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected frombeta-2 agonists such as albuterol (Ventolin® HFA, Proventil® HFA),levalbuterol (Xopenex®), metaproterenol (Alupent®), pirbuterol acetate(Maxair®), terbutaline sulfate (Brethaire®), salmeterol xinafoate(Serevent®) and formoterol (Foradil®), anticholinergic agents such asipratropium bromide (Atrovent®) and tiotropium (Spiriva®),methylxanthines such as theophylline (Theo-Dur®, Theolair®, Slo-bid®,Uniphyl®, Theo-24®) and aminophylline, inhaled corticosteroids such asprednisone, prednisolone, beclomethasone dipropionate (Beclovent®,Qvar®, and Vanceril®), triamcinolone acetonide (Azmacort®), mometasone(Asthmanex®), budesonide (Pulmocort®), flunisolide (Aerobid®), Afviar®,Symbicort®, and Dulera®,

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method oftreating a hematological malignancy comprising administering to apatient in need thereof a compound of formula I and one or moreadditional therapeutic agents selected from rituximab (Rituxan®),cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®), doxorubicin (Hydrodaunorubicin®),vincristine (Oncovin®), prednisone, a hedgehog signaling inhibitor, aBTK inhibitor, a JAK/pan-JAK inhibitor, a PI3K inhibitor, a SYKinhibitor, and combinations thereof.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method oftreating a solid tumor comprising administering to a patient in needthereof a compound of formula I and one or more additional therapeuticagents selected from rituximab (Rituxan®), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®),doxorubicin (Hydrodaunorubicin®), vincristine (Oncovin®), prednisone, ahedgehog signaling inhibitor, a BTK inhibitor, a JAK/pan-JAK inhibitor,a PI3K inhibitor, a SYK inhibitor, and combinations thereof.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method oftreating a hematological malignancy comprising administering to apatient in need thereof a compound of formula I and a Hedgehog (Hh)signaling pathway inhibitor. In some embodiments, the hematologicalmalignancy is DLBCL (Ramirez et al “Defining causative factorscontributing in the activation of hedgehog signaling in diffuse largeB-cell lymphoma” Leuk. Res. (2012), published online July 17, andincorporated herein by reference in its entirety).

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method oftreating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) comprising administeringto a patient in need thereof a compound of formula I and one or moreadditional therapeutic agents selected from rituximab (Rituxan®),cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®), doxorubicin (Hydrodaunorubicin®),vincristine (Oncovin®), prednisone, a hedgehog signaling inhibitor, andcombinations thereof.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method oftreating multiple myeloma comprising administering to a patient in needthereof a compound of formula I and one or more additional therapeuticagents selected from bortezomib (Velcade®), and dexamethasone(Decadron®), a hedgehog signaling inhibitor, a BTK inhibitor, aJAK/pan-JAK inhibitor, a TYK2 inhibitor, a PI3K inhibitor, a SYKinhibitor in combination with lenalidomide (Revlimid®).

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method oftreating or lessening the severity of a disease comprising administeringto a patient in need thereof a compound of formula I and a BTKinhibitor, wherein the disease is selected from inflammatory boweldisease, arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), vasculitis,idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), rheumatoid arthritis,psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, Still's disease, juvenilearthritis, diabetes, myasthenia gravis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Ord'sthyroiditis, Graves' disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, Sjogren'ssyndrome, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, Lyme neuroborreliosis,Guillain-Barre syndrome, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Addison'sdisease, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, ankylosing spondylosis,antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, aplastic anemia, autoimmunehepatitis, autoimmune gastritis, pernicious anemia, celiac disease,Goodpasture's syndrome, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, opticneuritis, scleroderma, primary biliary cirrhosis, Reiter's syndrome,Takayasu's arteritis, temporal arteritis, warm autoimmune hemolyticanemia, Wegener's granulomatosis, psoriasis, alopecia universalis,Behcet's disease, chronic fatigue, dysautonomia, membranousglomerulonephropathy, endometriosis, interstitial cystitis, pemphigusvulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, neuromyotonia, scleroderma, vulvodynia, ahyperproliferative disease, rejection of transplanted organs or tissues,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS, also known as HIV), type 1diabetes, graft versus host disease, transplantation, transfusion,anaphylaxis, allergies (e.g., allergies to plant pollens, latex, drugs,foods, insect poisons, animal hair, animal dander, dust mites, orcockroach calyx), type I hypersensitivity, allergic conjunctivitis,allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, asthma, appendicitis, atopicdermatitis, asthma, allergy, blepharitis, bronchiolitis, bronchitis,bursitis, cervicitis, cholangitis, cholecystitis, chronic graftrejection, colitis, conjunctivitis, Crohn's disease, cystitis,dacryoadenitis, dermatitis, dermatomyositis, encephalitis, endocarditis,endometritis, enteritis, enterocolitis, epicondylitis, epididymitis,fasciitis, fibrositis, gastritis, gastroenteritis, Henoch-Schonleinpurpura, hepatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, immunoglobulin Anephropathy, interstitial lung disease, laryngitis, mastitis,meningitis, myelitis myocarditis, myositis, nephritis, oophoritis,orchitis, osteitis, otitis, pancreatitis, parotitis, pericarditis,peritonitis, pharyngitis, pleuritis, phlebitis, pneumonitis, pneumonia,polymyositis, proctitis, prostatitis, pyelonephritis, rhinitis,salpingitis, sinusitis, stomatitis, synovitis, tendonitis, tonsillitis,ulcerative colitis, uveitis, vaginitis, vasculitis, or vulvitis, B-cellproliferative disorder, e.g., diffuse large B cell lymphoma, follicularlymphoma, chronic lymphocytic lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia,acute lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia,lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, splenicmarginal zone lymphoma, multiple myeloma (also known as plasma cellmyeloma), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, plasmacytoma,extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma, nodal marginal zone B celllymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, mediastinal (thymic) large B celllymphoma, intravascular large B cell lymphoma, primary effusionlymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia, or lymphomatoid granulomatosis,breast cancer, prostate cancer, or cancer of the mast cells (e.g.,mastocytoma, mast cell leukemia, mast cell sarcoma, systemicmastocytosis), bone cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer,diseases of the bone and joints including, without limitation,rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative spondyloarthropathies (includingankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and Reiter's disease),Behcet's disease, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, osteoporosis,bone cancer, bone metastasis, a thromboembolic disorder, (e.g.,myocardial infarct, angina pectoris, reocclusion after angioplasty,restenosis after angioplasty, reocclusion after aortocoronary bypass,restenosis after aortocoronary bypass, stroke, transitory ischemia, aperipheral arterial occlusive disorder, pulmonary embolism, deep venousthrombosis), inflammatory pelvic disease, urethritis, skin sunburn,sinusitis, pneumonitis, encephalitis, meningitis, myocarditis,nephritis, osteomyelitis, myositis, hepatitis, gastritis, enteritis,dermatitis, gingivitis, appendicitis, pancreatitis, cholocystitus,agammaglobulinemia, psoriasis, allergy, Crohn's disease, irritable bowelsyndrome, ulcerative colitis, Sjogren's disease, tissue graft rejection,hyperacute rejection of transplanted organs, asthma, allergic rhinitis,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), autoimmune polyglandulardisease (also known as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome), autoimmunealopecia, pernicious anemia, glomerulonephritis, dermatomyositis,multiple sclerosis, scleroderma, vasculitis, autoimmune hemolytic andthrombocytopenic states, Goodpasture's syndrome, atherosclerosis,Addison's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes,septic shock, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis,psoriatic arthritis, juvenile arthritis, osteoarthritis, chronicidiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia,myasthenia gravis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, atopic dermatitis,degenerative joint disease, vitiligo, autoimmune hypopituitarism,Guillain-Barre syndrome, Behcet's disease, scleraderma, mycosisfungoides, acute inflammatory responses (such as acute respiratorydistress syndrome and ischemia/reperfusion injury), and Graves' disease.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method oftreating or lessening the severity of a disease comprising administeringto a patient in need thereof a compound of formula I and a PI3Kinhibitor, wherein the disease is selected from a cancer, aneurodegenerative disorder, an angiogenic disorder, a viral disease, anautoimmune disease, an inflammatory disorder, a hormone-related disease,conditions associated with organ transplantation, immunodeficiencydisorders, a destructive bone disorder, a proliferative disorder, aninfectious disease, a condition associated with cell death,thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), liver disease, pathologicimmune conditions involving T cell activation, a cardiovasculardisorder, and a CNS disorder.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method oftreating or lessening the severity of a disease comprising administeringto a patient in need thereof a compound of formula I and a PI3Kinhibitor, wherein the disease is selected from benign or malignanttumor, carcinoma or solid tumor of the brain, kidney (e.g., renal cellcarcinoma (RCC)), liver, adrenal gland, bladder, breast, stomach,gastric tumors, ovaries, colon, rectum, prostate, pancreas, lung,vagina, endometrium, cervix, testis, genitourinary tract, esophagus,larynx, skin, bone or thyroid, sarcoma, glioblastomas, neuroblastomas,multiple myeloma or gastrointestinal cancer, especially colon carcinomaor colorectal adenoma or a tumor of the neck and head, an epidermalhyperproliferation, psoriasis, prostate hyperplasia, a neoplasia, aneoplasia of epithelial character, adenoma, adenocarcinoma,keratoacanthoma, epidermoid carcinoma, large cell carcinoma,non-small-cell lung carcinoma, lymphomas, (including, for example,non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma (also termedHodgkin's or Hodgkin's disease)), a mammary carcinoma, follicularcarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, seminoma,melanoma, or a leukemia, diseases include Cowden syndrome,Lhermitte-Dudos disease and Bannayan-Zonana syndrome, or diseases inwhich the PI3K/PKB pathway is aberrantly activated, asthma of whatevertype or genesis including both intrinsic (non-allergic) asthma andextrinsic (allergic) asthma, mild asthma, moderate asthma, severeasthma, bronchitic asthma, exercise-induced asthma, occupational asthmaand asthma induced following bacterial infection, acute lung injury(ALI), adult/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronicobstructive pulmonary, airways or lung disease (COPD, COAD or COLD),including chronic bronchitis or dyspnea associated therewith, emphysema,as well as exacerbation of airways hyperreactivity consequent to otherdrug therapy, in particular other inhaled drug therapy, bronchitis ofwhatever type or genesis including, but not limited to, acute,arachidic, catarrhal, croupus, chronic or phthinoid bronchitis,pneumoconiosis (an inflammatory, commonly occupational, disease of thelungs, frequently accompanied by airways obstruction, whether chronic oracute, and occasioned by repeated inhalation of dusts) of whatever typeor genesis, including, for example, aluminosis, anthracosis, asbestosis,chalicosis, ptilosis, siderosis, silicosis, tabacosis and byssinosis,Loffler's syndrome, eosinophilic, pneumonia, parasitic (in particularmetazoan) infestation (including tropical eosinophilia),bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, polyarteritis nodosa (includingChurg-Strauss syndrome), eosinophilic granuloma and eosinophil-relateddisorders affecting the airways occasioned by drug-reaction, psoriasis,contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, erythemamultiforma, dermatitis herpetiformis, scleroderma, vitiligo,hypersensitivity angiitis, urticaria, bullous pemphigoid, lupuserythematosus, pemphisus, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita,conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and vernal conjunctivitis,diseases affecting the nose including allergic rhinitis, andinflammatory disease in which autoimmune reactions are implicated orhaving an autoimmune component or etiology, including autoimmunehematological disorders (e.g. hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, purered cell anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenia), systemic lupuserythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, polychondritis, sclerodoma, Wegenergranulamatosis, dermatomyositis, chronic active hepatitis, myastheniagravis, Steven-Johnson syndrome, idiopathic sprue, autoimmuneinflammatory bowel disease (e.g. ulcerative colitis and Crohn'sdisease), endocrine opthalmopathy, Grave's disease, sarcoidosis,alveolitis, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, multiple sclerosis,primary biliary cirrhosis, uveitis (anterior and posterior),keratoconjunctivitis sicca and vernal keratoconjunctivitis, interstitiallung fibrosis, psoriatic arthritis and glomerulonephritis (with andwithout nephrotic syndrome, e.g. including idiopathic nephrotic syndromeor minal change nephropathy, restenosis, cardiomegaly, atherosclerosis,myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and congestive heart failure,Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Huntington's disease, and cerebral ischemia, and neurodegenerativedisease caused by traumatic injury, glutamate neurotoxicity and hypoxia.

In some embodiments the present invention provides a method of treatingor lessening the severity of a disease comprising administering to apatient in need thereof a compound of formula I and a Bcl-2 inhibitor,wherein the disease is an inflammatory disorder, an autoimmune disorder,a proliferative disorder, an endocrine disorder, a neurologicaldisorder, or a disorder associated with transplantation. In someembodiments, the disorder is a proliferative disorder, lupus, or lupusnephritis. In some embodiments, the proliferative disorder is chroniclymphocytic leukemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease,small-cell lung cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, myelodysplasticsyndrome, lymphoma, a hematological neoplasm, or solid tumor.

The compounds and compositions, according to the method of the presentinvention, may be administered using any amount and any route ofadministration effective for treating or lessening the severity of anautoimmune disorder, an inflammatory disorder, a proliferative disorder,an endocrine disorder, a neurological disorder, or a disorder associatedwith transplantation. The exact amount required will vary from subjectto subject, depending on the species, age, and general condition of thesubject, the severity of the infection, the particular agent, its modeof administration, and the like. Compounds of the invention arepreferably formulated in dosage unit form for ease of administration anduniformity of dosage. The expression “dosage unit form” as used hereinrefers to a physically discrete unit of agent appropriate for thepatient to be treated. It will be understood, however, that the totaldaily usage of the compounds and compositions of the present inventionwill be decided by the attending physician within the scope of soundmedical judgment. The specific effective dose level for any particularpatient or organism will depend upon a variety of factors including thedisorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; the activity ofthe specific compound employed; the specific composition employed; theage, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient; the timeof administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of thespecific compound employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used incombination or coincidental with the specific compound employed, andlike factors well known in the medical arts. The term “patient”, as usedherein, means an animal, preferably a mammal, and most preferably ahuman.

Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention can beadministered to humans and other animals orally, rectally, parenterally,intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as bypowders, ointments, or drops), bucally, as an oral or nasal spray, orthe like, depending on the severity of the infection being treated. Incertain embodiments, the compounds of the invention may be administeredorally or parenterally at dosage levels of about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50mg/kg and preferably from about 1 mg/kg to about 25 mg/kg, of subjectbody weight per day, one or more times a day, to obtain the desiredtherapeutic effect.

Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include, but are not limitedto, pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions,suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In addition to the active compounds,the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in theart such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agentsand emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethylcarbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propyleneglycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (in particular,cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils),glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fattyacid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof. Besides inert diluents,the oral compositions can also include adjuvants such as wetting agents,emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfumingagents.

Injectable preparations, for example, sterile injectable aqueous oroleaginous suspensions may be formulated according to the known artusing suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. Thesterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectablesolution, suspension or emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptablediluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Amongthe acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water,Ringer's solution, U.S.P. and isotonic sodium chloride solution. Inaddition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solventor suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil can beemployed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fattyacids such as oleic acid are used in the preparation of injectables.

Injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtrationthrough a bacterial-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizingagents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolvedor dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable medium priorto use.

In order to prolong the effect of a compound of the present invention,it is often desirable to slow the absorption of the compound fromsubcutaneous or intramuscular injection. This may be accomplished by theuse of a liquid suspension of crystalline or amorphous material withpoor water solubility. The rate of absorption of the compound thendepends upon its rate of dissolution that, in turn, may depend uponcrystal size and crystalline form. Alternatively, delayed absorption ofa parenterally administered compound form is accomplished by dissolvingor suspending the compound in an oil vehicle. Injectable depot forms aremade by forming microencapsule matrices of the compound in biodegradablepolymers such as polylactide-polyglycolide. Depending upon the ratio ofcompound to polymer and the nature of the particular polymer employed,the rate of compound release can be controlled. Examples of otherbiodegradable polymers include poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides).Depot injectable formulations are also prepared by entrapping thecompound in liposomes or microemulsions that are compatible with bodytissues.

Compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are preferablysuppositories which can be prepared by mixing the compounds of thisinvention with suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such ascocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which are solidat ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore meltin the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.

Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets,pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the activecompound is mixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptableexcipient or carrier such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphateand/or a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose,glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid, b) binders such as, for example,carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidinone,sucrose, and acacia, c) humectants such as glycerol, d) disintegratingagents such as agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch,alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate, e) solutionretarding agents such as paraffin, f) absorption accelerators such asquaternary ammonium compounds, g) wetting agents such as, for example,cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate, h) absorbents such as kaolinand bentonite clay, and i) lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate,magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate,and mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, thedosage form may also comprise buffering agents.

Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers insoft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactoseor milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols andthe like. The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills,and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as entericcoatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulatingart. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of acomposition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, orpreferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally,in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions that can be usedinclude polymeric substances and waxes. Solid compositions of a similartype may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatincapsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as highmolecular weight polethylene glycols and the like.

The active compounds can also be in micro-encapsulated form with one ormore excipients as noted above. The solid dosage forms of tablets,dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings andshells such as enteric coatings, release controlling coatings and othercoatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. In such soliddosage forms the active compound may be admixed with at least one inertdiluent such as sucrose, lactose or starch. Such dosage forms may alsocomprise, as is normal practice, additional substances other than inertdiluents, e.g., tableting lubricants and other tableting aids such amagnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose. In the case ofcapsules, tablets and pills, the dosage forms may also comprisebuffering agents. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and canalso be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s)only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract,optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions thatcan be used include polymeric substances and waxes.

Dosage forms for topical or transdermal administration of a compound ofthis invention include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels,powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants or patches. The active componentis admixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier and any needed preservatives or buffers as may be required.Ophthalmic formulation, ear drops, and eye drops are also contemplatedas being within the scope of this invention. Additionally, the presentinvention contemplates the use of transdermal patches, which have theadded advantage of providing controlled delivery of a compound to thebody. Such dosage forms can be made by dissolving or dispensing thecompound in the proper medium. Absorption enhancers can also be used toincrease the flux of the compound across the skin. The rate can becontrolled by either providing a rate controlling membrane or bydispersing the compound in a polymer matrix or gel.

According to one embodiment, the invention relates to a method ofinhibiting protein kinase activity in a biological sample comprising thestep of contacting said biological sample with a compound of thisinvention, or a composition comprising said compound.

According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a method ofinhibiting TYK2, or a mutant thereof, activity in a biological samplecomprising the step of contacting said biological sample with a compoundof this invention, or a composition comprising said compound. In certainembodiments, the invention relates to a method of irreversiblyinhibiting TYK2, or a mutant thereof, activity in a biological samplecomprising the step of contacting said biological sample with a compoundof this invention, or a composition comprising said compound.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of selectivelyinhibiting TYK2 over one or more of JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3. In someembodiments, a compound of the present invention is more than 2-foldselective over JAK1/2/3. In some embodiments, a compound of the presentinvention is more than 5-fold selective over JAK1/2/3. In someembodiments, a compound of the present invention is more than 10-foldselective over JAK1/2/3. In some embodiments, a compound of the presentinvention is more than 50-fold selective over JAK1/2/3. In someembodiments, a compound of the present invention is more than 100-foldselective over JAK1/2/3.

The term “biological sample”, as used herein, includes, withoutlimitation, cell cultures or extracts thereof biopsied material obtainedfrom a mammal or extracts thereof; and blood, saliva, urine, feces,semen, tears, or other body fluids or extracts thereof.

Inhibition of TYK2 (or a mutant thereof) activity in a biological sampleis useful for a variety of purposes that are known to one of skill inthe art. Examples of such purposes include, but are not limited to,blood transfusion, organ-transplantation, biological specimen storage,and biological assays.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method ofinhibiting protein kinase activity in a patient comprising the step ofadministering to said patient a compound of the present invention, or acomposition comprising said compound.

According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a method ofinhibiting activity of TYK2, or a mutant thereof, in a patientcomprising the step of administering to said patient a compound of thepresent invention, or a composition comprising said compound. Accordingto certain embodiments, the invention relates to a method of reversiblyor irreversibly inhibiting one or more of TYK2, or a mutant thereof,activity in a patient comprising the step of administering to saidpatient a compound of the present invention, or a composition comprisingsaid compound. In other embodiments, the present invention provides amethod for treating a disorder mediated by TYK2, or a mutant thereof, ina patient in need thereof, comprising the step of administering to saidpatient a compound according to the present invention orpharmaceutically acceptable composition thereof. Such disorders aredescribed in detail herein.

Depending upon the particular condition, or disease, to be treated,additional therapeutic agents that are normally administered to treatthat condition, may also be present in the compositions of thisinvention. As used herein, additional therapeutic agents that arenormally administered to treat a particular disease, or condition, areknown as “appropriate for the disease, or condition, being treated.”

A compound of the current invention may also be used to advantage incombination with other therapeutic compounds. In some embodiments, theother therapeutic compounds are antiproliferative compounds. Suchantiproliferative compounds include, but are not limited to aromataseinhibitors; antiestrogens; topoisomerase I inhibitors; topoisomerase IIinhibitors; microtubule active compounds; alkylating compounds; histonedeacetylase inhibitors; compounds which induce cell differentiationprocesses; cyclooxygenase inhibitors; MMP inhibitors; mTOR inhibitors;antineoplastic antimetabolites; platin compounds; compoundstargeting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinase activity and furtheranti-angiogenic compounds; compounds which target, decrease or inhibitthe activity of a protein or lipid phosphatase; gonadorelin agonists;anti-androgens; methionine aminopeptidase inhibitors; matrixmetalloproteinase inhibitors; bisphosphonates; biological responsemodifiers; antiproliferative antibodies; heparanase inhibitors;inhibitors of Ras oncogenic isoforms; telomerase inhibitors; proteasomeinhibitors; compounds used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies;compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of Flt-3; Hsp90inhibitors such as 17-AAG (17-allylaminogeldanamycin, NSC330507),17-DMAG (17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin,NSC707545), IPI-504, CNF1010, CNF2024, CNF1010 from ConformaTherapeutics; temozolomide (Temodal®); kinesin spindle proteininhibitors, such as SB715992 or SB743921 from GlaxoSmithKline, orpentamidine/chlorpromazine from CombinatoRx; MEK inhibitors such asARRY142886 from Array BioPharma, AZD6244 from AstraZeneca, PD181461 fromPfizer and leucovorin. The term “aromatase inhibitor” as used hereinrelates to a compound which inhibits estrogen production, for instance,the conversion of the substrates androstenedione and testosterone toestrone and estradiol, respectively. The term includes, but is notlimited to steroids, especially atamestane, exemestane and formestaneand, in particular, non-steroids, especially aminoglutethimide,roglethimide, pyridoglutethimide, trilostane, testolactone,ketokonazole, vorozole, fadrozole, anastrozole and letrozole. Exemestaneis marketed under the trade name Aromasin™. Formestane is marketed underthe trade name Lentaron™. Fadrozole is marketed under the trade nameAfema™. Anastrozole is marketed under the trade name Arimidex™.Letrozole is marketed under the trade names Femara™ or Femar™.Aminoglutethimide is marketed under the trade name Orimeten™. Acombination of the invention comprising a chemotherapeutic agent whichis an aromatase inhibitor is particularly useful for the treatment ofhormone receptor positive tumors, such as breast tumors.

The term “antiestrogen” as used herein relates to a compound whichantagonizes the effect of estrogens at the estrogen receptor level. Theterm includes, but is not limited to tamoxifen, fulvestrant, raloxifeneand raloxifene hydrochloride. Tamoxifen is marketed under the trade nameNolvadex™. Raloxifene hydrochloride is marketed under the trade nameEvista™. Fulvestrant can be administered under the trade name Faslodex™.A combination of the invention comprising a chemotherapeutic agent whichis an antiestrogen is particularly useful for the treatment of estrogenreceptor positive tumors, such as breast tumors.

The term “anti-androgen” as used herein relates to any substance whichis capable of inhibiting the biological effects of androgenic hormonesand includes, but is not limited to, bicalutamide (Casodex™). The term“gonadorelin agonist” as used herein includes, but is not limited toabarelix, goserelin and goserelin acetate. Goserelin can be administeredunder the trade name Zoladex™.

The term “topoisomerase I inhibitor” as used herein includes, but is notlimited to topotecan, gimatecan, irinotecan, camptothecian and itsanalogues, 9-nitrocamptothecin and the macromolecular camptothecinconjugate PNU-166148. Irinotecan can be administered, e.g. in the formas it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark Camptosar™. Topotecan ismarketed under the trade name Hycamptin™.

The term “topoisomerase II inhibitor” as used herein includes, but isnot limited to the anthracyclines such as doxorubicin (includingliposomal formulation, such as Caelyx™), daunorubicin, epirubicin,idarubicin and nemorubicin, the anthraquinones mitoxantrone andlosoxantrone, and the podophillotoxines etoposide and teniposide.Etoposide is marketed under the trade name Etopophos™. Teniposide ismarketed under the trade name VM 26-Bristol Doxorubicin is marketedunder the trade name Acriblastin™ or Adriamycin™. Epirubicin is marketedunder the trade name Farmorubicin™. Idarubicin is marketed. under thetrade name Zavedos™. Mitoxantrone is marketed under the trade nameNovantron.

The term “microtubule active agent” relates to microtubule stabilizing,microtubule destabilizing compounds and microtublin polymerizationinhibitors including, but not limited to taxanes, such as paclitaxel anddocetaxel; vinca alkaloids, such as vinblastine or vinblastine sulfate,vincristine or vincristine sulfate, and vinorelbine; discodermolides;cochicine and epothilones and derivatives thereof. Paclitaxel ismarketed under the trade name Taxol™. Docetaxel is marketed under thetrade name Taxotere™. Vinblastine sulfate is marketed under the tradename Vinblastin R.P™. Vincristine sulfate is marketed under the tradename Farmistin™.

The term “alkylating agent” as used herein includes, but is not limitedto, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan or nitrosourea (BCNU orGliadel). Cyclophosphamide is marketed under the trade name Cyclostin™.Ifosfamide is marketed under the trade name Holoxan™.

The term “histone deacetylase inhibitors” or “HDAC inhibitors” relatesto compounds which inhibit the histone deacetylase and which possessantiproliferative activity. This includes, but is not limited to,suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA).

The term “antineoplastic antimetabolite” includes, but is not limitedto, 5-fluorouracil or 5-FU, capecitabine, gemcitabine, DNA demethylatingcompounds, such as 5-azacytidine and decitabine, methotrexate andedatrexate, and folic acid antagonists such as pemetrexed. Capecitabineis marketed under the trade name Xeloda™. Gemcitabine is marketed underthe trade name Gemzar™.

The term “platin compound” as used herein includes, but is not limitedto, carboplatin, cis-platin, cisplatinum and oxaliplatin. Carboplatincan be administered, e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under thetrademark Carboplat™. Oxaliplatin can be administered, e.g., in the formas it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark Eloxatin™.

The term “compounds targeting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinaseactivity; or a protein or lipid phosphatase activity; or furtheranti-angiogenic compounds” as used herein includes, but is not limitedto, protein tyrosine kinase and/or serine and/or threonine kinaseinhibitors or lipid kinase inhibitors, such as a) compounds targeting,decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the platelet-derived growthfactor-receptors (PDGFR), such as compounds which target, decrease orinhibit the activity of PDGFR, especially compounds which inhibit thePDGF receptor, such as an N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivative, suchas imatinib, SU101, SU6668 and GFB-111; b) compounds targeting,decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the fibroblast growthfactor-receptors (FGFR); c) compounds targeting, decreasing orinhibiting the activity of the insulin-like growth factor receptor I(IGF-IR), such as compounds which target, decrease or inhibit theactivity of IGF-IR, especially compounds which inhibit the kinaseactivity of IGF-I receptor, or antibodies that target the extracellulardomain of IGF-I receptor or its growth factors; d) compounds targeting,decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the Trk receptor tyrosinekinase family, or ephrin B4 inhibitors; e) compounds targeting,decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the AxI receptor tyrosinekinase family; f) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting theactivity of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase; g) compounds targeting,decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the Kit/SCFR receptor tyrosinekinase, such as imatinib; h) compounds targeting, decreasing orinhibiting the activity of the C-kit receptor tyrosine kinases, whichare part of the PDGFR family, such as compounds which target, decreaseor inhibit the activity of the c-Kit receptor tyrosine kinase family,especially compounds which inhibit the c-Kit receptor, such as imatinib;i) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of membersof the c-Abl family, their gene-fusion products (e.g. BCR-Abl kinase)and mutants, such as compounds which target decrease or inhibit theactivity of c-Abl family members and their gene fusion products, such asan N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivative, such as imatinib or nilotinib(AMN107); PD180970; AG957; NSC 680410; PD173955 from ParkeDavis; ordasatinib (BMS-354825); j) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibitingthe activity of members of the protein kinase C (PKC) and Raf family ofserine/threonine kinases, members of the MEK, SRC, JAK/pan-JAK, FAK,PDK1, PKB/Akt, Ras/MAPK, PI3K, SYK, BTK and TEC family, and/or membersof the cyclin-dependent kinase family (CDK) including staurosporinederivatives, such as midostaurin; examples of further compounds includeUCN-01, safingol, BAY 43-9006, Bryostatin 1, Perifosine; llmofosine; RO318220 and RO 320432; GO 6976; lsis 3521; LY333531/LY379196;isochinoline compounds; FTIs; PD184352 or QAN697 (a P13K inhibitor) orAT7519 (CDK inhibitor); k) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibitingthe activity of protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as compoundswhich target, decrease or inhibit the activity of protein-tyrosinekinase inhibitors include imatinib mesylate (Gleevec™) or tyrphostinsuch as Tyrphostin A23/RG-50810; AG 99; Tyrphostin AG 213; Tyrphostin AG1748; Tyrphostin AG 490; Tyrphostin B44; Tyrphostin B44 (+) enantiomer;Tyrphostin AG 555; AG 494; Tyrphostin AG 556, AG957 and adaphostin(4-{[(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino}-benzoic acid adamantyl ester;NSC 680410, adaphostin); l) compounds targeting, decreasing orinhibiting the activity of the epidermal growth factor family ofreceptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR₁ ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4 as homo- orheterodimers) and their mutants, such as compounds which target,decrease or inhibit the activity of the epidermal growth factor receptorfamily are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibitmembers of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase family, such as EGFreceptor, ErbB2, ErbB3 and ErbB4 or bind to EGF or EGF related ligands,CP 358774, ZD 1839, ZM 105180; trastuzumab (Herceptin™), cetuximab(Erbitux™), Iressa, Tarceva, OSI-774, Cl-1033, EKB-569, GW-2016, E1.1,E2.4, E2.5, E6.2, E6.4, E2.11, E6.3 or E7.6.3, and7H-pyrrolo-[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives; m) compounds targeting,decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the c-Met receptor, such ascompounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of c-Met,especially compounds which inhibit the kinase activity of c-Metreceptor, or antibodies that target the extracellular domain of c-Met orbind to HGF, n) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the kinaseactivity of one or more JAK family members (JAK1/JAK2/JAK3/TYK2 and/orpan-JAK), including but not limited to PRT-062070, SB-1578, baricitinib,pacritinib, momelotinib, VX-509, AZD-1480, TG-101348, tofacitinib, andruxolitinib; o) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the kinaseactivity of PI3 kinase (PI3K) including but not limited to ATU-027,SF-1126, DS-7423, PBI-05204, GSK-2126458, ZSTK-474, buparlisib,pictrelisib, PF-4691502, BYL-719, dactolisib, XL-147, XL-765, andidelalisib; and; and q) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibitingthe signaling effects of hedgehog protein (Hh) or smoothened receptor(SMO) pathways, including but not limited to cyclopamine, vismodegib,itraconazole, erismodegib, and IPI-926 (saridegib).

The term “PI3K inhibitor” as used herein includes, but is not limited tocompounds having inhibitory activity against one or more enzymes in thephosphatidylinositol-3-kinase family, including, but not limited toPI3Kα, PI3Kγ, PI3Kδ, PI3Kβ, PI3K-C2α, PI3K-C2β, PI3K-C2γ, Vps34, p110-α,p110-β, p110-γ, p110-δ, p85-α, p85-β, p55-γ, p150, p101, and p87.Examples of PI3K inhibitors useful in this invention include but are notlimited to ATU-027, SF-1126, DS-7423, PBI-05204, GSK-2126458, ZSTK-474,buparlisib, pictrelisib, PF-4691502, BYL-719, dactolisib, XL-147,XL-765, and idelalisib.

The term “BTK inhibitor” as used herein includes, but is not limited tocompounds having inhibitory activity against Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase(BTK), including, but not limited to AVL-292 and ibrutinib.

The term “SYK inhibitor” as used herein includes, but is not limited tocompounds having inhibitory activity against spleen tyrosine kinase(SYK), including but not limited to PRT-062070, R-343, R-333, Excellair,PRT-062607, and fostamatinib.

The term “Bcl-2 inhibitor” as used herein includes, but is not limitedto compounds having inhibitory activity against B-cell lymphoma 2protein (Bcl-2), including but not limited to ABT-199, ABT-731, ABT-737,apogossypol, Ascenta's pan-Bcl-2 inhibitors, curcumin (and analogsthereof), dual Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitors (InfinityPharmaceuticals/Novartis Pharmaceuticals), Genasense (G3139), HA14-1(and analogs thereof; see WO2008118802), navitoclax (and analogsthereof, see U.S. Pat. No. 7,390,799), NH-1 (Shenayng PharmaceuticalUniversity), obatoclax (and analogs thereof, see WO2004106328), S-001(Gloria Pharmaceuticals), TW series compounds (Univ. of Michigan), andvenetoclax. In some embodiments the Bcl-2 inhibitor is a small moleculetherapeutic. In some embodiments the Bcl-2 inhibitor is apeptidomimetic.

Further examples of BTK inhibitory compounds, and conditions treatableby such compounds in combination with compounds of this invention can befound in WO2008039218 and WO2011090760, the entirety of which areincorporated herein by reference.

Further examples of SYK inhibitory compounds, and conditions treatableby such compounds in combination with compounds of this invention can befound in WO2003063794, WO2005007623, and WO2006078846, the entirety ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference.

Further examples of PI3K inhibitory compounds, and conditions treatableby such compounds in combination with compounds of this invention can befound in WO2004019973, WO2004089925, WO2007016176, U.S. Pat. No.8,138,347, WO2002088112, WO2007084786, WO2007129161, WO2006122806,WO2005113554, and WO2007044729 the entirety of which are incorporatedherein by reference.

Further examples of JAK inhibitory compounds, and conditions treatableby such compounds in combination with compounds of this invention can befound in WO2009114512, WO2008109943, WO2007053452, WO2000142246, andWO2007070514, the entirety of which are incorporated herein byreference.

Further anti-angiogenic compounds include compounds having anothermechanism for their activity, e.g. unrelated to protein or lipid kinaseinhibition e.g. thalidomide (Thalomid™) and TNP-470.

Examples of proteasome inhibitors useful for use in combination withcompounds of the invention include, but are not limited to bortezomib,disulfiram, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), salinosporamide A,carfilzomib, ONX-0912, CEP-18770, and MLN9708.

Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of a protein orlipid phosphatase are e.g. inhibitors of phosphatase 1, phosphatase 2A,or CDC25, such as okadaic acid or a derivative thereof.

Compounds which induce cell differentiation processes include, but arenot limited to, retinoic acid, α- γ- or δ-tocopherol or α- γ- orδ-tocotrienol.

The term cyclooxygenase inhibitor as used herein includes, but is notlimited to, Cox-2 inhibitors, 5-alkyl substituted2-arylaminophenylacetic acid and derivatives, such as celecoxib(Celebrex™), rofecoxib (Vioxx™), etoricoxib, valdecoxib or a5-alkyl-2-arylaminophenylacetic acid, such as5-methyl-2-(2′-chloro-6′-fluoroanilino)phenyl acetic acid, lumiracoxib.

The term “bisphosphonates” as used herein includes, but is not limitedto, etridonic, clodronic, tiludronic, pamidronic, alendronic,ibandronic, risedronic and zoledronic acid. Etridonic acid is marketedunder the trade name Didronel™. Clodronic acid is marketed under thetrade name Bonefos™. Tiludronic acid is marketed under the trade nameSkelid™. Pamidronic acid is marketed under the trade name Aredia™.Alendronic acid is marketed under the trade name Fosamax™. Ibandronicacid is marketed under the trade name Bondranat™. Risedronic acid ismarketed under the trade name Actonel™. Zoledronic acid is marketedunder the trade name Zometa™. The term “mTOR inhibitors” relates tocompounds which inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) andwhich possess antiproliferative activity such as sirolimus (Rapamune®),everolimus (Certican™), CCI-779 and ABT578.

The term “heparanase inhibitor” as used herein refers to compounds whichtarget, decrease or inhibit heparin sulfate degradation. The termincludes, but is not limited to, PI-88. The term “biological responsemodifier” as used herein refers to a lymphokine or interferons.

The term “inhibitor of Ras oncogenic isoforms”, such as H-Ras, K-Ras, orN-Ras, as used herein refers to compounds which target, decrease orinhibit the oncogenic activity of Ras; for example, a “farnesyltransferase inhibitor” such as L-744832, DK8G557 or R115777(Zarnestra™). The term “telomerase inhibitor” as used herein refers tocompounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of telomerase.Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of telomeraseare especially compounds which inhibit the telomerase receptor, such astelomestatin.

The term “methionine aminopeptidase inhibitor” as used herein refers tocompounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of methionineaminopeptidase. Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activityof methionine aminopeptidase include, but are not limited to, bengamideor a derivative thereof.

The term “proteasome inhibitor” as used herein refers to compounds whichtarget, decrease or inhibit the activity of the proteasome. Compoundswhich target, decrease or inhibit the activity of the proteasomeinclude, but are not limited to, Bortezomib (Velcade™) and MLN 341.

The term “matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor” or (“MMP” inhibitor) asused herein includes, but is not limited to, collagen peptidomimetic andnonpeptidomimetic inhibitors, tetracycline derivatives, e.g. hydroxamatepeptidomimetic inhibitor batimastat and its orally bioavailable analoguemarimastat (BB-2516), prinomastat (AG3340), metastat (NSC 683551)BMS-279251, BAY 12-9566, TAA211, MMI270B or AAJ996.

The term “compounds used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies”as used herein includes, but is not limited to, FMS-like tyrosine kinaseinhibitors, which are compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting theactivity of FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptors (Flt-3R); interferon,1-β-D-arabinofuransylcytosine (ara-c) and bisulfan; ALK inhibitors,which are compounds which target, decrease or inhibit anaplasticlymphoma kinase, and Bcl-2 inhibitors.

Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of FMS-liketyrosine kinase receptors (Flt-3R) are especially compounds, proteins orantibodies which inhibit members of the Flt-3R receptor kinase family,such as PKC412, midostaurin, a staurosporine derivative, SU11248 andMLN518.

The term “HSP90 inhibitors” as used herein includes, but is not limitedto, compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the intrinsic ATPaseactivity of HSP90; degrading, targeting, decreasing or inhibiting theHSP90 client proteins via the ubiquitin proteosome pathway. Compoundstargeting, decreasing or inhibiting the intrinsic ATPase activity ofHSP90 are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibit theATPase activity of HSP90, such as 17-allylamino,17-demethoxygeldanamycin(17AAG), a geldanamycin derivative; other geldanamycin relatedcompounds; radicicol and HDAC inhibitors.

The term “antiproliferative antibodies” as used herein includes, but isnot limited to, trastuzumab (Herceptin™), Trastuzumab-DM1, erbitux,bevacizumab (Avastin™), rituximab (Rituxan®), PRO64553 (anti-CD40) and2C4 Antibody. By antibodies is meant intact monoclonal antibodies,polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies formed from at least 2intact antibodies, and antibodies fragments so long as they exhibit thedesired biological activity.

For the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), compounds of thecurrent invention can be used in combination with standard leukemiatherapies, especially in combination with therapies used for thetreatment of AML. In particular, compounds of the current invention canbe administered in combination with, for example, farnesyl transferaseinhibitors and/or other drugs useful for the treatment of AML, such asDaunorubicin, Adriamycin, Ara-C, VP-16, Teniposide, Mitoxantrone,Idarubicin, Carboplatinum and PKC412. In some embodiments, the presentinvention provides a method of treating AML associated with an ITDand/or D835Y mutation, comprising administering a compound of thepresent invention together with a one or more FLT3 inhibitors. In someembodiments, the FLT3 inhibitors are selected from quizartinib (AC220),a staurosporine derivative (e.g. midostaurin or lestaurtinib),sorafenib, tandutinib, LY-2401401, LS-104, EB-10, famitinib, NOV-110302,NMS-P948, AST-487, G-749, SB-1317, S-209, SC-110219, AKN-028,fedratinib, tozasertib, and sunitinib. In some embodiments, the FLT3inhibitors are selected from quizartinib, midostaurin, lestaurtinib,sorafenib, and sunitinib.

Other anti-leukemic compounds include, for example, Ara-C, a pyrimidineanalog, which is the 2′-alpha-hydroxy ribose (arabinoside) derivative ofdeoxycytidine. Also included is the purine analog of hypoxanthine,6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and fludarabine phosphate. Compounds whichtarget, decrease or inhibit activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC)inhibitors such as sodium butyrate and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid(SAHA) inhibit the activity of the enzymes known as histonedeacetylases. Specific HDAC inhibitors include MS275, SAHA, FK228(formerly FR901228), Trichostatin A and compounds disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 6,552,065 including, but not limited to,N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[[2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-amino]methyl]phenyl]-2E-2-propenamide,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof andN-hydroxy-3-[4-[(2-hydroxyethyl){2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-amino]methyl]phenyl]-2E-2-propenamide,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, especially the lactatesalt. Somatostatin receptor antagonists as used herein refer tocompounds which target, treat or inhibit the somatostatin receptor suchas octreotide, and SOM230. Tumor cell damaging approaches refer toapproaches such as ionizing radiation. The term “ionizing radiation”referred to above and hereinafter means ionizing radiation that occursas either electromagnetic rays (such as X-rays and gamma rays) orparticles (such as alpha and beta particles). Ionizing radiation isprovided in, but not limited to, radiation therapy and is known in theart. See Hellman, Principles of Radiation Therapy, Cancer, in Principlesand Practice of Oncology, Devita et al., Eds., 4^(th) Edition, Vol. 1,pp. 248-275 (1993).

Also included are EDG binders and ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors.The term “EDG binders” as used herein refers to a class ofimmunosuppressants that modulates lymphocyte recirculation, such asFTY720. The term “ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors” refers topyrimidine or purine nucleoside analogs including, but not limited to,fludarabine and/or cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), 6-thioguanine,5-fluorouracil, cladribine, 6-mercaptopurine (especially in combinationwith ara-C against ALL) and/or pentostatin. Ribonucleotide reductaseinhibitors are especially hydroxyurea or2-hydroxy-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione derivatives.

Also included are in particular those compounds, proteins or monoclonalantibodies of VEGF such as1-(4-chloroanilino)-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)phthalazine or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof,1-(4-chloroanilino)-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)phthalazine succinate;Angiostatin™; Endostatin™; anthranilic acid amides; ZD4190; ZD6474;SU5416; SU6668; bevacizumab; or anti-VEGF antibodies or anti-VEGFreceptor antibodies, such as rhuMAb and RHUFab, VEGF aptamer such asMacugon; FLT-4 inhibitors, FLT-3 inhibitors, VEGFR-2 IgGI antibody,Angiozyme (RPI 4610) and Bevacizumab (Avastin™).

Photodynamic therapy as used herein refers to therapy which uses certainchemicals known as photosensitizing compounds to treat or preventcancers. Examples of photodynamic therapy include treatment withcompounds, such as Visudyne™ and porfimer sodium.

Angiostatic steroids as used herein refers to compounds which block orinhibit angiogenesis, such as, e.g., anecortave, triamcinolone,hydrocortisone, 11-α-epihydrocotisol, cortexolone,17α-hydroxyprogesterone, corticosterone, desoxycorticosterone,testosterone, estrone and dexamethasone.

Implants containing corticosteroids refers to compounds, such asfluocinolone and dexamethasone.

Other chemotherapeutic compounds include, but are not limited to, plantalkaloids, hormonal compounds and antagonists; biological responsemodifiers, preferably lymphokines or interferons; antisenseoligonucleotides or oligonucleotide derivatives; shRNA or siRNA; ormiscellaneous compounds or compounds with other or unknown mechanism ofaction.

The compounds of the invention are also useful as co-therapeuticcompounds for use in combination with other drug substances such asanti-inflammatory, bronchodilatory or antihistamine drug substances,particularly in the treatment of obstructive or inflammatory airwaysdiseases such as those mentioned hereinbefore, for example aspotentiators of therapeutic activity of such drugs or as a means ofreducing required dosaging or potential side effects of such drugs. Acompound of the invention may be mixed with the other drug substance ina fixed pharmaceutical composition or it may be administered separately,before, simultaneously with or after the other drug substance.Accordingly the invention includes a combination of a compound of theinvention as hereinbefore described with an anti-inflammatory,bronchodilatory, antihistamine or anti-tussive drug substance, saidcompound of the invention and said drug substance being in the same ordifferent pharmaceutical composition.

Suitable anti-inflammatory drugs include steroids, in particularglucocorticosteroids such as budesonide, beclamethasone dipropionate,fluticasone propionate, ciclesonide or mometasone furoate; non-steroidalglucocorticoid receptor agonists; LTB4 antagonists such LY293111,CGS025019C, CP-195543, SC-53228, BIIL 284, ONO 4057, SB 209247; LTD4antagonists such as montelukast and zafirlukast; PDE4 inhibitors suchcilomilast (Ariflo® GlaxoSmithKline), Roflumilast (Byk Gulden), V-11294A(Napp), BAY19-8004 (Bayer), SCH-351591 (Schering-Plough), Arofylline(Almirall Prodesfarma), PD189659/PD168787 (Parke-Davis), AWD-12-281(Asta Medica), CDC-801 (Celgene), SeICID(™) CC-10004 (Celgene),VM554/UM565 (Vernalis), T-440 (Tanabe), KW-4490 (Kyowa Hakko Kogyo); A2aagonists; A2b antagonists; and beta-2 adrenoceptor agonists such asalbuterol (salbutamol), metaproterenol, terbutaline, salmeterolfenoterol, procaterol, and especially, formoterol and pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts thereof. Suitable bronchodilatory drugs includeanticholinergic or antimuscarinic compounds, in particular ipratropiumbromide, oxitropium bromide, tiotropium salts and CHF 4226 (Chiesi), andglycopyrrolate.

Suitable antihistamine drug substances include cetirizine hydrochloride,acetaminophen, clemastine fumarate, promethazine, loratidine,desloratidine, diphenhydramine and fexofenadine hydrochloride,activastine, astemizole, azelastine, ebastine, epinastine, mizolastineand tefenadine.

Other useful combinations of compounds of the invention withanti-inflammatory drugs are those with antagonists of chemokinereceptors, e.g. CCR-1, CCR-2, CCR-3, CCR-4, CCR-5, CCR-6, CCR-7, CCR-8,CCR-9 and CCR10, CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, particularly CCR-5antagonists such as Schering-Plough antagonists SC-351125, SCH-55700 andSCH-D, and Takeda antagonists such asN-[[4-[[[6,7-dihydro-2-(4-methylphenyl)-5H-benzo-cyclohepten-8-yl]carbonyl]amino]phenyl]-methyl]tetrahydro-N,N-dimethyl-2H-pyran-4-aminiumchloride (TAK-770).

The structure of the active compounds identified by code numbers,generic or trade names may be taken from the actual edition of thestandard compendium “The Merck Index” or from databases, e.g. PatentsInternational (e.g. IMS World Publications).

A compound of the current invention may also be used in combination withknown therapeutic processes, for example, the administration of hormonesor radiation. In certain embodiments, a provided compound is used as aradiosensitizer, especially for the treatment of tumors which exhibitpoor sensitivity to radiotherapy.

A compound of the current invention can be administered alone or incombination with one or more other therapeutic compounds, possiblecombination therapy taking the form of fixed combinations or theadministration of a compound of the invention and one or more othertherapeutic compounds being staggered or given independently of oneanother, or the combined administration of fixed combinations and one ormore other therapeutic compounds. A compound of the current inventioncan besides or in addition be administered especially for tumor therapyin combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy,phototherapy, surgical intervention, or a combination of these.Long-term therapy is equally possible as is adjuvant therapy in thecontext of other treatment strategies, as described above. Otherpossible treatments are therapy to maintain the patient's status aftertumor regression, or even chemopreventive therapy, for example inpatients at risk.

Those additional agents may be administered separately from an inventivecompound-containing composition, as part of a multiple dosage regimen.Alternatively, those agents may be part of a single dosage form, mixedtogether with a compound of this invention in a single composition. Ifadministered as part of a multiple dosage regime, the two active agentsmay be submitted simultaneously, sequentially or within a period of timefrom one another normally within five hours from one another.

As used herein, the term “combination,” “combined,” and related termsrefers to the simultaneous or sequential administration of therapeuticagents in accordance with this invention. For example, a compound of thepresent invention may be administered with another therapeutic agentsimultaneously or sequentially in separate unit dosage forms or togetherin a single unit dosage form. Accordingly, the present inventionprovides a single unit dosage form comprising a compound of the currentinvention, an additional therapeutic agent, and a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle.

The amount of both an inventive compound and additional therapeuticagent (in those compositions which comprise an additional therapeuticagent as described above) that may be combined with the carriermaterials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon thehost treated and the particular mode of administration. Preferably,compositions of this invention should be formulated so that a dosage ofbetween 0.01-100 mg/kg body weight/day of an inventive compound can beadministered.

In those compositions which comprise an additional therapeutic agent,that additional therapeutic agent and the compound of this invention mayact synergistically. Therefore, the amount of additional therapeuticagent in such compositions will be less than that required in amonotherapy utilizing only that therapeutic agent. In such compositionsa dosage of between 0.01-1,000 μg/kg body weight/day of the additionaltherapeutic agent can be administered.

The amount of additional therapeutic agent present in the compositionsof this invention will be no more than the amount that would normally beadministered in a composition comprising that therapeutic agent as theonly active agent. Preferably the amount of additional therapeutic agentin the presently disclosed compositions will range from about 50% to100% of the amount normally present in a composition comprising thatagent as the only therapeutically active agent.

The compounds of this invention, or pharmaceutical compositions thereof,may also be incorporated into compositions for coating an implantablemedical device, such as prostheses, artificial valves, vascular grafts,stents and catheters. Vascular stents, for example, have been used toovercome restenosis (re-narrowing of the vessel wall after injury).However, patients using stents or other implantable devices risk clotformation or platelet activation. These unwanted effects may beprevented or mitigated by pre-coating the device with a pharmaceuticallyacceptable composition comprising a kinase inhibitor. Implantabledevices coated with a compound of this invention are another embodimentof the present invention.

EXEMPLIFICATION

As depicted in the Examples below, in certain exemplary embodiments,compounds are prepared according to the following general procedures. Itwill be appreciated that, although the general methods depict thesynthesis of certain compounds of the present invention, the followinggeneral methods, and other methods known to one of ordinary skill in theart, can be applied to all compounds and subclasses and species of eachof these compounds, as described herein.

Example 1 Synthesis of I-12-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(3-morpholino-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one

Synthesis of compound 1.2. A mixture of 1.1 (0.3 g, 1.73 mmol, 1.0 eq),1-bromo-2-(2-bromoethoxy)ethane (0.441 g, 1.90 mmol, 1.1 eq), DIPEA(0.55 g, 4.32 mmol, 2.5 eq) and dimethyl amine (2.0 mL) was heated inmicrowave for 1 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was pouredinto water and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate and concentratedunder reduced pressure to obtain crude material. The crude was purifiedby column chromatography to furnish compound 1.2 (0.34 g, 80.7%). MS(ES): m/z 243.31 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 1.3. A mixture of compound 1.2 (0.190 g), Pd(OH)₂(0.190 g), 1N HCl solution (0.2 mL) and methanol (5.0 mL) were stirredin autoclave at 3 kg pressure of H₂ and 50° C. for 1 h. Upon completionof the reaction, the mixture was filtered through celite andconcentrated to get residue which was taken in ethyl acetate. pH wasadjusted to 7.0 by saturated NaHCO₃. Organic layer was separated, washedwith brine solution, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude material. The crude was purified bycolumn chromatography to furnish 1.3 (0., 62.7%). MS(ES): m/z 153.19[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 1.5. To a mixture of 1.4 (0.075 g, 0.196 mmol, 1.0eq) in 1,4-dioxane (2.5 mL) was added compound 1.3 (0.036 g, 0.236 mmol,1.2 eq) and K₂CO₃ (0.081 g, 0.588 mmol, 3.0 eq). The reaction mixturewas degassed for 10 min. under argon atmosphere, then Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.017g, 0.019 mmol, 0.1 eq) and Xantphos (0.022 g, 0.038 mmol, 0.2 eq) wereadded, again degassed for 5 min. The reaction was stirred at 100° C. for2 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was poured into water andproduct was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washedwith brine solution, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude material. This crude was purified bycolumn chromatography to furnish pure 1.5 (0.070 g, 71.4%). MS(ES): m/z497.50 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-1. Compound 1.5 (0.070 g, 0.140 mmol, 1.0 eq)was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL) wasadded. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, mixture was poured into water, basified withsaturated bicarbonate solution and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layerswere combined, washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude material. Crude waspurified by column chromatography to furnish I-1 (0.040 g, 71.5%).MS(ES): m/z 397.39 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76 (s, 1H), 9.09(m, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.63-7.59 (m, 1H), 7.31-7.27 (t, 2H), 6.36 (s,1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.71-3.69 (t, 4H), 3.27-3.24 (t, 4H).

Example 2 Synthesis of2-(1-(2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-N-ethylacetamide,I-2

Synthesis of compound 2.2. To a solution of 2.1 (1.0 g, 6.3 mmol, 1.0eq) in n-Butanol (15 mL) was added hydrazine hydrate (1.58 g, 31.6 mmol,5.0 eq) and the reaction mixture was heated at 110° C. for 3 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, excess solvent was concentrated underreduced pressure to get crude which was purified by trituration toprovide 2.2 (0.70 g, 79.0%). MS(ES): m/z 140.15 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 2.3. To a solution of compound 2.2 (0.7 g, 4.99mmol, 1.0 eq) was added concentrated HCl (20 mL) and the reaction washeated at 100° C. for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction, insolubleparticles were filtered off and the filtrate was distilled under reducedpressure to get crude material which was purified by preparative HPLC tofurnish 2.3 (0.40 g, 63.5%). MS(ES): m/z 126.12 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 2.4. To a solution of compound 2.3 (0.250 g, 1.984mmol, 1.0 eq) and ethyl amine (0.178 g, 3.96 mmol, 2.0 eq) in dry CH₂Cl₂(4 mL) at 0° C., were added EDCI-HCl (0.571 g, 2.97 mmol, 1.5 eq) andHOBt (0.151 g, 0.99 mmol, 0.5 eq) and DIPEA (17 mL, 9.92 mmol, 5.0 eq).The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 6 h. Upon completion ofthe reaction, mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc.Aqueous layer separated was concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude material which was purified by preparative HPLC to furnish2.4 (0.1 g, 32.9%). MS(ES): m/z 153.19 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 2.5. To a mixture of 1.4 (0.082 g, 0.215 mmol, 1.0eq) in 1,4-dioxane (3 ml) was added 2.4 (0.033 g, 0.215 mmol, 1.0 eq)and K₂CO₃ (0.074 g, 0.539 mmol, 2.5 eq). The reaction mixture wasdegassed for 10 min. under argon atmosphere, then Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.020 g,0.021 mmol, 0.1 eq) and Xantphos (0.025 g, 0.043 mmol, 0.2 eq) wereadded, again degassed for 5 min. The reaction was then heated at 100° C.for 2 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was poured into waterand product was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined,washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude material. Crude was purified by columnchromatography to furnish 2.5 (0.035 g, 32.67%). MS(ES): m/z 497.50[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-2. Compound 2.5 (0.035 g, 0.070 mmol, 1.0 eq)was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL) wasadded to the reaction mixture. The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture waspoured in water, basified with saturated Na₂CO₃ solution and product wasextracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, dried over sodiumsulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crudematerial. The crude was purified by trituration to furnish I-2 (0.021 g,75.1%). MS(ES): m/z 397.39 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.62-9.61(d, 1H), 9.18 (s, 1H), 8.12-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.65-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.32-7.28(t, 2H), 6.53 (d, 1H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 3.51 (s, 2H), 3.12-3.05 (m, 2H),1.03-1.00 (t, 3H).

Example 3 Synthesis of1-(2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-N-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide,I-3

Synthesis of compound 3.2. To a solution of compound 1 (0.5 g, 4.46mmol, 1.0 eq) and ethyl amine (3.5 mL, 6.69 mmol, 1.5 eq) in dry DMF (5mL) at 0° C., EDCI (1.28 g, 6.69 mmol, 1.5 eq) and HOBt (0.341 g, 2.23mmol, 0.5 eq) were added and stirred for 15 min. then DIPEA (2.3 mL,13.4 mmol, 3.0 eq) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 12 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture waspoured into water and product was extracted with EtOAC. Organic layerswere combined, washed with brine solution, dried over sodium sulphateand concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude material. Crudewas purified by column chromatography to furnish 3.2 (0.3 g, 48.3%). MS(ES): m/z 139.16 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 3.3. To a mixture of 1.4 (0.1 g, 0.262 mmol, 1.0eq) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) was added compound 3.2 (0.036 g, 0.262 mmol,1.0 eq) and K₂CO₃ (0.090 g, 0.656 mmol, 2.5 eq). The reaction mixturewas degassed for 10 min. under argon atmosphere, then Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.030g, 0.026 mmol, 0.1 eq) and Xantphos (0.030 g, 0.051 mmol, 0.2 eq) wereadded and again degassed for 5 min. The reaction was stirred at 100° C.for 2 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was poured intowater and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washedwith brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude material. Crude was purified by column chromatography tofurnish 3.3 (0.075 g, 59.1%). MS(ES): m/z 483.48 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-3. Compound 3.3 (0.075 g, 0.155 mmol, 1.0 eq)was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL) wasadded to the reaction mixture. The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture waspoured in water, basified with saturated bicarbonate solution andextracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which waspurified by column chromatography to furnish pure I-3 (0.035 g, 58.9%).MS (ES): m/z 383.36 [M+H]⁺¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.74 (d, 1H), 9.28(s, 1H), 8.60-8.57 (m, 1H), 8.38 (s, 1H), 7.67-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.37-7.32(dd, 2H), 6.95-6.94 (d, 1H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 3.34-3.25 (m, 2H), 1.13-1.09(t, 3H).

Example 4 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-morpholino-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-4

Synthesis of compound 4.2. To a mixture of 4.1 (0.073 g, 0.185 mmol, 1.0eq) in 1,4-dioxane (3 ml) was added 1.3 (0.034 g, 0.222 mmol, 1.0 eq)and K₂CO₃ (0.077 g, 0.555 mmol, 3.0 eq). The reaction was degassed for10 minutes using argon, then Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.018 g, 0.018 mmol, 0.1 eq) andXantphos (0.026 g, 0.044 mmol, 0.2 eq) were added, again degassed for 5minutes. The reaction was stirred at 110° C. for 0.5 h. Upon completionof the reaction, mixture was poured into water and product was extractedwith EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine solution,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude material. This crude was purified by column chromatography to getpure 4.2 (0.080 g, 84.2%). MS(ES): m/z 505.27 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-4. Compound 4.2 (0.080 g, 0.158 mmol, 1.0 eq)was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL) wasadded to the reaction mixture. The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 h. Upon completion of reaction, mixture was pouredinto water, basified with saturated bicarbonate solution and extractedwith EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to furnish I-4 (0.038 g, 59.3%). MS(ES): m/z405.43 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.78-9.77 (d, 1H), 9.15 (s,1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (d, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.38 (d, 1H),4.50 (s, 2H), 3.71-3.69 (t, 4H), 3.27-3.25 (t, 4H).

Example 5 Synthesis of2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one,I-5

Synthesis of compound 5.1. To a solution of compound 1.1 (0.1 g, 0.578mmol, 1.0 eq) in dimethylacetamide (5 mL) were added2-chloro-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-methylethan-1-amine (0.132 g, 0.693 mmol,1.2 eq) and DIPEA (0.5 mL, 2.77 mmol, 4.0 eq). The reaction was heatedunder microwave irradiation at 120° C. for 2 h. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was quenched with water and the product was extractedwith EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to get crude material.This crude was purified by column chromatography to provide 5.1 (0.061g, 41.22%). MS(ES): m/z 256.35 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 5.2. To a suspension of Pd(OH)₂ (0.061 g) in MeOH(3 mL) was added compound 5.1 (0.061 g, 0.238 mmol, 1.0 eq) and 1N HClsolution (0.1 mL) under nitrogen. The reaction was heated at 50° C. for3 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was filtered throughcelite, washed with methanol and obtained filtrate was concentratedunder reduced pressure to get crude material. Crude was neutralized withtetra alkyl ammonium carbonate and filtered through Millipore andconcentrated under reduced pressure to get pure 5.2 (0.027 g, 68.26%).MS(ES): m/z 166.23 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 5.3. To a mixture of 1.4 (0.068 g, 0.178 mmol, 1.0eq) in 1,4-dioxane (2.5 mL) was added 5.2 (0.030 g, 0.178 mmol, 1.0 eq)and K₂CO₃ (0.061 g, 0.447 mmol, 2.0 eq). The reaction mixture wasdegassed for 10 minutes under argon, then Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.016 g, 0.017mmol, 0.1 eq) and Xantphos (0.021 g, 0.035 mmol, 0.2 eq) were added, andagain degassed for 5 min. The reaction was stirred at 100° C. for 2hours. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was poured into waterand product was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined,washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude material. This crude was purified bycolumn chromatography to furnish 5.3 (0.04 g, 43.9%). MS(ES): m/z 510.55[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-5. Compound 5.3 (0.040 g, 0.078 mmol, 1.0 eq)was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL) wasadded to the reaction mixture. The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture waspoured into water, basified with saturated NaHCO₃ solution and productwas extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude material.Obtained crude was purified by column chromatography to get pure I-5(0.02 g, 62.2%). MS(ES): m/z 410.43 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz):9.76-9.75 (d, 1H), 9.01 (s, 1H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.63-7.59 (m, 1H),7.31-7.27 (t, 2H), 6.35-6.34 (d, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 3.28-3.26 (t, 4H),2.40 (t, 4H), 2.21 (s, 3H).

Example 6 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-6

Synthesis of compound 6.1. To a mixture of 4.1 (0.070 g, 0.180 mmol, 1.0eq) in 1,4-dioxane (3.0 mL) was added 5.2 (0.030 g, 0.180 mmol, 1.0 eq)and K₂CO₃ (0.062 g, 0.452 mmol, 2.5 eq). The reaction mixture wasdegassed for 10 minutes using argon, then Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.017 g, 0.018mmol, 0.1 eq) and Xantphos (0.020 g, 0.036 mmol, 0.2 eq) were added andagain degassed for 5 min. The reaction was stirred at 100° C. for 2 h.Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was poured into water andproduct was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washedwith brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude material. Crude was purified by column chromatography tofurnish 6.1 (0.065 g, 69.6%). MS(ES): m/z 517.57 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-6. Compound 6.1 (0.065 g, 0.125 mmol, 1.0 eq)was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL) wasadded to the reaction mixture. The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was pouredinto water, basified with satd. NaHCO₃ solution and extracted withEtOAc. Organic layers were combined, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to furnish I-6 (0.025 g, 47.7%). MS(ES): m/z 417.45[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.77 (d, 1H), 9.13 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d,1H), 7.92-7.73 (m, 3H), 6.37-6.36 (s, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.29 (t, 4H),2.42 (t, 4H), 2.22 (s, 3H).

Example 7 Synthesis of2-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrro-lo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-N-ethylacetamide,I-7

Synthesis of compound 7.1. To a mixture of 4.1 (0.1 g, 0.25 mmol, 1.0eq) in 1,4-dioxane (3.0 mL) was added 2.4 (0.039 g, 0.25 mmol, 1.0 eq)and K₂CO₃ (0.086 g, 0.625 mmol, 2.5 eq). The reaction mixture wasdegassed for 10 minutes using argon, then Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.022 g, 0.025mmol, 0.1 eq) and Xantphos (0.028 g, 0.05 mmol, 0.2 eq) were added andagain degassed for 5 min. The reaction was stirred at 100° C. for 2 h.Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was poured into water andproduct was extracted with EtOAC. Organic layers were combined, washedwith brine, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude material. The crude was purified by columnchromatography to furnish 7.1 (0.06 g, 46.1%). MS(ES): m/z 504.52[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-7. The compound 1.1 (0.060 g, 0.098 mmol, 1.0eq) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL) wasadded to the reaction mixture. The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour. Upon completion of the reaction, reactionmixture was poured in water, basified with satd. NaHCO₃ solution andproduct was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crudematerial. Crude was purified by column chromatography to get pure I-7(0.052 g, 86.7%). MS(ES): m/z 404.41 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz):9.63-9.62 (d, 1H), 9.24 (s, 1H), 8.27-8.26 (d, 1H), 8.11 (m, 1H),7.94-7.92 (dd, 1H), 7.84-7.77 (m, 2H), 6.55-6.54 (d, 1H), 4.55 (s, 2H),3.52 (s, 2H), 3.12-3.05 (q, 2H), 1.04-1.00 (t, 3H).

Example 9 Synthesis of4-(3-(3-oxa-9-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one,I-9

Synthesis of compound 9.2. To a mixture of 1.4 (0.4 g, 1.05 mmol, 1.0eq) in 1,4-dioxane (5.0 ml) was added 3-Bromo-1H-pyrazole (0.169 g, 1.15mmol, 1.1 eq) and K₂CO₃ (0.29 g, 2.10 mmol, 2.5 eq). The reactionmixture was degassed for 10 min. under argon atmosphere, then Pd₂(dba)₃(0.096 g, 0.01 mmol, 0.1 eq) and Xantphos (0.121 g, 0.2 mmol, 0.2 eq)were added, and again degassed for 5 min. The reaction was then heatedat 100° C. for 2 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixturewas poured into water and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to provide 9.2 (0.11 g, 21.4%). MS(ES): m/z 491[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 9.3. To a mixture of 9.2 (0.05 g, 0.10 mmol, 1.0eq) in 1,4-dioxane (2.0 ml) was added 3-oxa-9-azaspiro[5.5]undecane(0.02 g, 0.12 mmol, 1.2 eq) K₂CO₃ (0.03 g, 0.20 mmol, 2.5 eq). Thereaction mixture was degassed for 10 min. under argon atmosphere, thenPd₂(dba)₃ (0.010 g, 0.01 mmol, 0.1 eq) and Xantphos (0.011 g, 0.02 mmol,0.2 eq) were added, and again degassed for 5 min. The reaction was thenheated at 110° C. for 2 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, reactionmixture was transferred into water and product was extracted with EtOAc.Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to furnish 9.2 (0.011 g, 19.29%). MS(ES): m/z566 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-9. Compound 9.2. (0.011 g, 0.019 mmol, 1.0 eq)was dissolved in DCM (2.0 mL) and TFA (0.1 mL) was added to the reactionmixture. Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Uponcompletion of the reaction, mixture was poured into water, basified withsatd. NaHCO₃ and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined anddried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to furnish I-9 (0.005g, 55.6%). MS(ES): m/z 466 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.70-9.69(d, 1H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 7.45-7.41 (m, 1H), 7.08-7.04 (m, 2H), 6.09-6.08(d, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 4.61 (s, 2H), 3.72-3.69 (m, 4H), 3.38-3.35 (m,4H), 1.82-1.66 (m, 4H), 1.58-1.56 (m, 4H).

Example 16 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-16

Synthesis of compound 16.2. Solution of 16.1 (0.5 g, 3.9 mmol, 1 eq) inDMF-DMA (5 mL) was heated to 100° C. for 16 h. Upon completion of thereaction was reaction, solvents were removed under reduced pressure toget crude 16.2 (0.45 g, 62.95%), MS(ES): m/z 184.12 [M+H]⁺. The crudeproduct was used in to next step without further purification.

Synthesis of compound 16.3. To a solution of 16.2 (0.45 g, 2.45 mmol, 1eq) in EtOH (5.0 mL) was added hydrazine hydrate in water (0.147 g, 2.9mmol, 1.2 eq).). The reaction mixture was heated to 80° C. for 3 h. Uponcompletion, reaction was quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc.Organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to get crude which was purified bycolumn chromatography to provide 16.3 (0.27 g, 72.24%). MS(ES): m/z153.10 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 16.4. Compound was prepared from 16.3 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 7.

Synthesis of compound I-16. Compound was prepared from 16.4 using theprocedure described in Example 7. MS(ES): m/z 404.56 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.64-9.63 (d, 1H), 9.22 (s, 1H), 8.29 (s, 1H),7.93-7.91 (m, 1H), 7.84-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.60-6.59 (d, 1H), 4.54 (s, 2H),3-2.94 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.66 (m, 2H).

Example 55 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(3-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-55

Synthesis of compound 54.1. To a solution of 3.1 (0.30 g, 2.67 mmol, 1.0eq) in THF (3 mL) was added DIPEA (0.50 g, 4.0 mmol, 1.5 eq) at roomtemperature. Reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and EDCI (0.96 g, 6.2mmol, 1.2 eq) was added. Reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 15 minutes and to it pyrrolidine (0.19 g, 2.67 mmol, 1.0eq) was added at 0° C. Reaction was stirred overnight. Upon completionof the reaction, mixture was transferred into ice and with EtOAc.Organic layers were combined, washed with brine solution, dried oversodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crudewhich was purified by column chromatography to provide 54.1 (0.12 g,27.0%) MS(ES): m/z 166.5 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 54.2. To a mixture of 4.1 (0.13 g, 0.33 mmol, 1.0eq) in 1,4-dioxane (3.0 ml) was added 1.2 (0.050 g, 0.33 mmol, 1.0 eq)and K₂CO₃ (0.116 g, 1.839 mmol, 2.5 eq). The reaction mixture wasdegassed for 10 min. under argon atmosphere, then Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.031 g,0.033 mmol, 0.1 eq) and Xantphos (0.039 g, 0.067 mmol, 0.2 eq) wereadded, again degassed for 5 min. The reaction was stirred at 120° C. for1 hour. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was transferred inwater and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 54.2 (0.050 g, 21.6%). MS(ES): m/z 517.[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-54. Compound 54.2 (0.06 g, 0.116 mmol, 1.0 eq)was dissolved in DCM (5 mL) and TFA (0.5 mL) was added to the reactionmixture. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Uponcompletion of the reaction, mixture was poured into water, basified withsatd. NaHCO₃ and was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combinedand dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to provide I-54 (0.020g, 60.17%). MS(ES): m/z 417.7 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz):9.66-9.67 (d, 1H), 8.45 (d, 1H), 7.82-7.83 (m, 1H), 7.69-7.75 (m, 3H),7.00 (d, 1H), 4.63-4.65 (s, 2H), 4.04-4.07 (t, 2H), 3.65-3.68 (t, 2H),1.98-2.08 (m, 5H).

Example 56 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-56

Synthesis of compound 56.1. To a solution of 1.1 (0.3 g, 1.73 mmol, 1.0eq.) in DMA (3 mL) was added 1,5-dichloropentan-3-one (0.295 g, 1.9mmol, 1.1 eq.) and DIPEA (0.447 g, 3.46 mmol, 2.0 eq.). The reactionmixture was kept in microwave at 120° C. for 2 hours. Upon completion ofthe reaction, mixture was transferred into water and product wasextracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brinesolution, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under reducedpressure to get crude material. The crude purified by columnchromatography to get pure 56.1 (0.2 g, 45.23%). MS(ES): m/z 256.5[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 56.2. To 56.2 (0.2 g, 0.784 mmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH(5.0 mL) at 0° C. was added NaBH₄ (0.15 g, 3.92 mmol, 5.0 eq). Reactionmixture was stirred at for 3 hours. Upon completion of the reaction,mixture was poured into water and product was extracted with ethylacetate. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to get pure 56.2 (0.15 g,74.41%). MS(ES): m/z 258.4 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 56.3. To a suspension of Pd(OH)₂ (0.15 g) in MeOH(5.0 mL) was added 56.2 (0.15 g, 0.58 mmol, 1.0 eq) followed by 1N HCl(catalytic). Reaction was stirred under 50 psi of H₂ gas for 6 hours.Reaction mixture was filtered through celite and concentrated underreduced pressure to get crude material. The crude was purified by columnchromatography to get pure 56.3 (0.051 g, 52.33%). MS(ES): m/z 168[M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of compound 56.4. To a mixture of 4.1 (0.140 g, 0.374 mmol,1.0 eq) in 1,4-dioxane (3.0 ml) was added 56.3 (0.055 g, 0.29 mmol, 1.0eq) and K₂CO₃ (0.129 g, 0.936 mmol, 2.5 eq). The reaction mixture wasdegassed for 10 min. under argon atmosphere, then Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.034 g,0.037 mmol, 0.1 eq) and Xantphos (0.043 g, 0.074 mmol, 0.2 eq) wereadded and again degassed for 5 minutes. The reaction was stirred at 100°C. for 4 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture wastransferred into water and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude which waspurified by column chromatography to furnish 56.4 (0.080 g, 41.9%).MS(ES): m/z 519.5 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-56. The compound 1.4 (0.080 g, 0.154 mmol, 1.0eq) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (1.0 mL) and TFA (0.5 mL) was added to thereaction mixture. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1hour. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was poured into water,basified with saturated bicarbonate solution and extracted with EtOAc.Organic layers were combined and dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide I-56 (0.030 g, 66.4%). MS(ES): m/z419.61[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (MeOD, 400 MHZ): 9.71-9.70 (d, 1H), 8.29-8.28 (d,1H), 7.80-7.78 (m, 1H), 7.74-7.63 (m, 2H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 4.56 (s, 2H),3.84-3.77 (m, 3H), 3.09-3.01 (m, 3H), 1.97-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.58 (m,2H).

Example 57 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-57

Synthesis of compound 57.2. To a solution of 57.1 (1.0 g, 5.14 mmol, 1.0eq) in DMF (5 mL) was added NaH (0.180 g, 7.7 mmol, 1.5 eq) at 0° C.Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Reactionmixture was cooled to 0° C. and 2-iodopropane was added dropwise, withstirring at room temperature for 16 h. Upon completion of the reaction,reaction mixture was transferred into ice. Resulting mixture wasextracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 57.2(0.39 g, 32%). Crude compound was used for next step without anypurification.

Synthesis of compound 57.3. To a mixture of 4.1 (0.46 g, 1.18 mmol, 1.0eq) in 1,4-dioxane (10.0 ml) and water (2.5 mL) was added 57.2 (0.365 g,1.54 mmol, 1.3 eq) and K₂CO₃ (0.492 g, 3.56 mmol, 3.0 eq). Reactionmixture was degassed for 10 min. under argon atmosphere, then Pd(PPh3)₄(0.068 g, 0.059 mmol, 0.1 eq) was added, and again degassed for 5 min.The reaction was then heated at 110° C. for 1 h. Upon completion of thereaction, reaction mixture was transferred into water and product wasextracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to provide 57.3 (0.21g, 38.3%). MS(ES): m/z 462.5 [M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of compound I-57. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 56. (0.098 g, 60.2%). MS(ES): m/z 362.38 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 8.96 (s, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 2H),7.82-7.75 (m, 3H), 4.64-4.58 (m, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 1.48-1.46 (d, 6H).

Example 58 Synthesis of2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one,I-58

Compound 58.1 (0.025 g, 0.06 mmol, 1.0 eq) was dissolved in DCM (2.0 mL)and TFA (0.1 mL) was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction wasstirred at room temperature for 1 h. Upon completion of the reaction,mixture was poured into water, basified with satd. NaHCO₃ solution andextracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which waspurified by column chromatography to furnish I-58 (0.015 g, 83.3%).MS(ES): m/z 313 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.69-9.68 (d, 1H),9.20 (s, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 7.93-7.92 (d, 1H), 7.64-7.60 (m, 1H),7.33-7.28 (m, 2H), 6.66-6.65 (m, 1H), 4.54 (m, 2H).

Example 59 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(4-morpholinopiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-59

Synthesis of compound 59.2. To a solution of 56.1. (0.2 g, 0.92 mmol,1.0 eq) and morpholine (0.161 g, 1.85 mmol, 2.0 eq) in MeOH (5.0 mL),10% Pd/C (0.1 g) was added. Reaction mixture was stirred H₂ pressure of40 psi for 15 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was filteredthrough celite-bed and washed with methanol, concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude 59.2 (0.19 g, 73.1%). MS(ES): m/z 327 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 59.3. To a solution of 59.2. (0.19 g, 0.58 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (5.0 mL), 20% Pd(OH)₂/C (0.1 g) and 1N HCl (catalyticamount) were added into reaction. Reaction mixture was stirred 40 psi ofH₂ for 15 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was filteredthrough celite-bed and washed with methanol, concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography toprovide 59.3. (0.07 g, 51.1%). MS (ES): m/z 237 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 59.4. Compound 59.4 was prepared from compounds59.3 and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 56.

Synthesis of compound I-59. Compound I-59 was prepared from compound59.4 using the procedure described in Example 56. MS(ES): m/z 488[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76-9.75 (d, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.18(s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.37 (s, 1H), 4.49 (s,2H), 3.89-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.56 (s, 4H), 2.83-2.75 (t, 2H), 2.50-2.45 (m,4H), 1.82-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.46-1.40 (m, 2H).

Example 60 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-60

Synthesis of compound 60.2. To a mixture of 60.1 (0.14 g, 1.50 mmol, 1.0eq) and aminoalcohol (0.20 g, 2.25 mmol, 1.5 eq) was added ZnCl₂ (0.041g, 0.30 mmol, 0.2 eq) and stirred at 95° C. under microwave irradiationfor 4 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was quenched withwater. Resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography to obtain pure 60.2 (0.10 g, 41.6%). MS(ES): m/z 166.2[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 60.3. To a mixture of 4.1 (0.15 g, 0.387 mmol, 1.0eq) in 1,4-dioxane (3.0 ml) was added 60.2 (0.058 g, 0.348 mmol, 0.9 eq)and K₂CO₃ (0.133 g, 0.968 mmol, 2.5 eq). The reaction mixture wasdegassed for 10 min. under argon atmosphere, then Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.035 g,0.0387 mmol, 0.1 eq) and Xantphos (0.045 g, 0.077 mmol, 0.2 eq) wereadded then again degassed for 5 min. The reaction was stirred at 120° C.for 1 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was transferred intowater and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine solution, dried over sodium sulphate andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude which waspurified by column chromatography to furnish 60.3 (0.070 g, 53.2%).MS(ES): m/z 517.5 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-60. Compound 60.3 (0.070 g, 0.135 mmol, 1.0 eq)was dissolved in DCM (2.0 mL) and TFA (0.5 mL) was added to the reactionmixture. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Uponcompletion of the reaction, mixture was poured into water, basified withsatd. NaHCO₃ solution and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to furnish I-60(0.026 g, 53.2%). MS(ES): m/z 417.44 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHZ):9.70-9.71 (d, 1H), 9.33 (s, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.94 (m, 1H),7.78-7.85 (m, 2H), 7.01-7.02 (d, 1H), 4.59 (s, 2H), 4.12 (s, 2H), 1.13(s, 6H).

Example 61 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-61

Compound I-61 was prepared from 61.1 and 4.1 using the proceduresdescribed in Example 57. (0.035 g, 44.7%). MS(ES): m/z 362.27 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.91 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s, 1H), 8.09(s, 1H), 7.92-7.91 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 4.58-4.55 (m, 1H), 4.46(s, 2H), 1.48-1.46 (d, 6H).

Example 62 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-62

Synthesis of compound 62.2. To a solution of 62.1 (0.75 g, 2.93 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (10.0 mL) was added MeMgBr (1.05 g, 8.80 mmol, 3 eq) at−78° C. Reaction was stirred at −78° C. for 3 h, then cooled to 0° C.Upon completion of reaction, reaction mixture was quenched using NH₄Clsolution. Resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layerswere combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder reduced pressure to provide crude that was purified by columnchromatography to provide 62.2 (0.35 g, 43.9%). MS(ES): m/z 272 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 62.3. To a solution of 62.2 (0.35 g, 1.29 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (5.0 mL). 20% Pd(OH)₂/C (0.75 g) and 1N HCl (catalyticamount) waere added. Reaction mixture was stirred at 40 psi of H₂ gasfor 4 h. Upon completion of reaction, reaction mixture was filtered,concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to furnish 62.2. (0.2 g, 86.5%). MS(ES): m/z182 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 62.4. Compound 62.4 was prepared from compounds4.1 and 62.3 using the procedure in Example 56.

Synthesis of compound I-62. Compound I-62 was prepared from compound62.4 using the procedure described in Example 56. MS(ES): m/z 433[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s,1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.76 (m, 2H), 6.34-6.33 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s,3H), 3.31-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.24-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.11 (s, 2H), 1.78-1.77 (m,1H), 1.52 (s, 3H), 1.13 (s, 3H).

Example 63 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((2-morpholinoethyl)amino)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-63

Synthesis of compound 63.2. To a mixture of 63.1 (1.0 g, 12.0 mmol, 1.0eq) and acetic acid (5 ml) was added Chloroacetaldehyde (1.6 ml, 12.0mmol, 1.1 eq) at 0° C. Sodium cyanoborohydride (0.9 g, 14.4 mmol, 1.2eq) was added slowly at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 5 h. Upon completion of reaction, reaction mixture wastransferred into water, then extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate and concentratedunder reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to get pure 63.2 (0.2 g, 11.4%). MS(ES): m/z 146 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 63.3. A solution of 63.2 (0.1 g, 0.68 mmol, 1.0eq) in Morpholine (1 mL) was stirred at 100° C. for 2 h. Upon completionof the reaction, reaction mixture was transferred into water, extractedwith EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried oversodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crudewhich was purified by column chromatography to provide 63.3 (0.065 g,48.1%). MS(ES): m/z 197 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 63.4. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 56.

Synthesis of compound I-63. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 56. (0.025 g, 56.81%). MS(ES): m/z 448 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.73 (d, 1H), 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.14 (d, 1H), 7.92(d, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.11-6.04 (m, 2H), 4.48 (d, 2H), 3.55 (t,4H), 3.30-3.26 (m, 2H), 2.51-2.33 (m, 6H).

Example 64 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-64

Synthesis of compound 64.1. To a solution of 1.1 (0.35 g, 2.023 mmol,1.0 eq) in DMF (5 mL) was added 60% NaH (0.089 g, 2.225 mmol, 1.1 eq) at0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes and ethylbromoacetate (0.37 g, 2.225 mmol, 1.1 eq) was added at same temperature.The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 1 h. Upon completion ofthe reaction; mixture was transferred into water and extracted withEtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine s, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which waspurified by column chromatography to get pure 64.1 (0.30 g, 60.0%).MS(ES): m/z 260.3 [M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of compound 64.2. To a solution of 64.1 (0.30 g, 1.158 mmol,1.0 eq) in dry THF (5.0 mL) was added LiAlH₄ (1.0 M in THF) (3 mL, 3.474mmol, 3.0 eq.) at −78° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h.Upon completion of reaction; reaction mixture was transferred into icewater, extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed withbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure topressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography toprovide 64.2 (0.2 g, 79.0%). MS(ES): m/z 218.2 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 64.3. To a solution of 64.2. (0.20 g, 0.621 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (5.0 mL). 20% Pd(OH)₂/C (0.25 g) and 1N HCl (catalytic)was added into reaction. Reaction mixture was stirred at 40 psi of H₂for 20 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was filteredthrough celite-bed and washed with MeOH and concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude material. The crude was purified by columnchromatography to get pure to get 64.3 (0.025 g, 21.34%). MS(ES): m/z128.5 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 64.4. To a mixture of 4.1 (0.080 g, 0.206 mmol,1.0 eq) in 1,4-dioxane (4.0 ml) was added 64.3 (0.023 g, 0.186 mmol, 0.9eq) followed by K₂CO₃ (0.071 g, 0.51 mmol, 2.5 eq). The reaction mixturewas degassed for 10 min. under argon atmosphere, then Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.019g, 0.02 mmol, 0.1 eq) and Xantphos (0.024 g, 0.04 mmol, 0.2 eq) wereadded and again degassed for 5 min. The reaction was then heated at 100°C. for 2 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was pouredinto water and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to get pure 64.4 (0.043 g, 43.4%). MS(ES): m/z [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-64. The compound 1.4 (0.040 g, 0.168 mmol, 1.0eq) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2.0 mL) and TFA (0.2 mL) was added to thereaction mixture. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 h.Upon completion of reaction, reaction mixture was poured into water,basified with satd. NaHCO₃ solution and extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude material. The crude was purified by columnchromatography to provide I-64 (0.020 g, 63.23%). MS(ES): m/z 379.51[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.72 (d, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.12 (s,1H), 7.92-7.90 (d, 1H), 7.81-7.77 (m, 2H), 6.03 (d, 1H), 4.47 (s, 2H),3.56-3.53 (t, 2H), 3.25-3.22 (t, 2H).

Example 65 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-65

Synthesis of compound 65.2. To a solution of 65.1 (15 g, 178.5 mmol, 1.0eq) in MeOH (75 mL) was added Br₂ (28.6 g, 178 mmol, 1 eq) drop wise at0° C. over a period of 20 minutes. The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 18 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixturewas transferred into water and extracted with Et₂O. Combined organiclayers were washed with satd. NaHCO₃, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder reduced pressure to get crude 65.2 (14.4 g, 49.54%). MS(ES): m/z163.97 [M+H]⁻. The crude compound 65.2 was used in next step withoutfurther purification.

Synthesis of compound 65.3. To 65.2 (14.4 g, 88.9 mmol, 1 eq) was added40% HBr in water (45 mL) at 50° C. The resulting mixture was stirred at50° C. for 1 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was poured intoice water and extracted with Et₂O. Combined organic layers were washedwith brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toget crude 65.3 (11.7 g, 54.19%). MS(ES): m/z 241.89 [M+H]⁺. Crudecompound was used in next step without further purification.

Synthesis of compound 62.1. To a solution of 65.3 (1 g, 5.78 mmol, 1eq), in DMA (10 mL) was added 1.1 (1.56 g, 6.2 mmol, 1.1 eq) followed byDIPEA (2 mL, 14.44 mmol, 2.5 eq). The resulting mixture was heated 90°C. in microwave for 1 h. Upon completion, reaction was quenched withwater and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washedwith brine and solvents were removed under reduced pressure to providecrude that was purified by column chromatography to furnish 62.1 (0.6 g,41.2%). MS(ES): m/z 256.14 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 65.4. To a solution of 62.1 (0.6 g, 2.34 mmol, 1.0eq) in MeOH (3.0 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.05 g), 1N HCl (0.05 mL), inhydrogenator. Reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen (50 psi) atroom temperature for 18 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reactionmixture was filtered, solvents removed and resulting crude purified bycolumn chromatography to provide 65.4 (0.17 g, 43.4%). MS(ES): m/z168.11 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 65.5. Compound was prepared from 4.1 and 65.4using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-65. Compound was prepared from 65.5 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 419.51 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.77-9.76 (d, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H),7.92-7.9 (dd, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.35-6.34 (d, 1H), 4.86-4.85 (d,1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.79-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.53 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.78 (m,1H), 2.68-2.65 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.48(m, 1H), 1.35-1.29 (m, 1H)

Example 66 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(3-(4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-66

Synthesis of compound 66.1. To a solution of 56.1 (0.3 g, 1.17 mmol, 1.0eq) in MeOH (10 ml) was added pyrrolidine (0.091 g, 1.29 mmol, 1.1 eq)and 10% Pd/C (0.1 g). Reaction mixture was stirred under 40 psi hydrogenpressure at room temperature for 16 h. Upon completion of the reaction,reaction mixture was filtered concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to furnish66.1. (0.22 g, 60.3%). MS(ES): m/z 311.5 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 66.2. To a solution of 66.2 (0.2 g, 0.708 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (10 mL), 20% Pd(OH)₂ on charcoal (0.1 g) and 1N HCl(catalytic) were added. Reaction mixture was stirred under H₂ at 50 psifor 24 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was filteredand concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude material. Thecrude was purified by column chromatography to ge puret 1.2. (0.12 g,76.9%). MS(ES): m/z 221.4 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 66.3. Compound was prepared from 4.1 and 66.2using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-66. Compound was prepared from 66.3 using theprocedure described in Example 64. (0.023 g, 44.2%). MS(ES): m/z 472.61[M+H]⁻; ¹H NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 9.73-9.72 (d, 1H), 8.29 (s, 1H),7.81-7.79 (m, 1H), 7.76-7.64 (m, 2H), 6.29 (d, 1H), 4.57 (s, 2H),4.12-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.36 (m, 3H), 3.00-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.17 (m, 2H),2.0 (bs, 4H), 1.82-1.73 (m, 3H).

Example 67 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-(((1r,4r)-4-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)amino)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-67

Synthesis of compound 67.1. To a solution of 1-benzyl-1H-pyrazol-3-amine(0.5 g, 2.89 mmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (15 mL) was added glacial acetic acid(1.5 mL) and mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Reactionmixture cooled to 0° C. and NaCNBH₃ (0.911 g, 14.45 mmol, 5.0 eq) wasadded portionwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 12 h. Upon completion of reaction, reaction mixture was transferredinto water and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to get crude material which purified by columnchromatography to get pure 67.1 (0.4 g, 46%). MS(ES): m/z 299.5 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 67.2. To the suspension of Pd(OH)₂ (0.5 g) in MeOH(10 mL) was added compound 67.1 (0.4 g, 1.34 mmol, 1.0 eq) followed by1N HCl (catalytic) in hydrogenator and stirred under hydrogen pressureat 50 psi for 12 h. Reaction mixture filtered through celite andconcentrated under reduced pressure to get 67.2 (0.220 g, 78%). MS(ES):m/z 209.4 [M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of compound 67.3. Racemic mixture of 67.2 (0.22 g) wasseparated out using chiral column chromatography to furnish 67.3 (0.073g), MS (ES): m/z 209.3 [M+H]⁺,

Synthesis of compound 67.4. Compound 67.4 was prepared from 67.3 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-67. Compound I-67 was prepared using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 460.20 [M+H]⁺¹H NMR(MeOD, 400 MHz): 9.61-9.60 (d, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.81-7.79 (m, 1H),7.76-7.64 (m, H), 6.00 (s, 1H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 2.85 (s, 6H), 2.40-2.37(m, 3H), 2.14-2.11 (m, 3H), 1.73-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.34 (m, 3H).

Example 68 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrileI-68

Synthesis of compound 68.2. To a solution of 68.1 (0.5 g, 1.9 mmol, 1.0eq) in THF (10 mL) was added Et₃N (0.42 g, 39 mmol, 2.0 eq) andDi-tert-butyl dicarbonate (0.64 g, 2.9 mmol, 1.5 eq) at roomtemperature. Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h.Upon completion of the reaction; reaction mixture was transferred intowater and extracted with DCM. Combined organic layers were washed withbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtained crude which was purified by column chromatography 68.2. (0.35g, 50.6%). MS(ES): m/z 357.35 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 68.3. To a solution of 68.2 (0.35 g, 0.981 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (5.0 mL), 20% Pd(OH)₂ (0.06 g) and 1N HCl (catalytic)were added. Reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen at 40 psi for 24h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was filteredthrough celite and washed with MeOH. Solvents were removed under reducedpressure to afford crude which was purified by column chromatography toyield 68.3 (0.16 g, 61.2%). MS(ES): m/z 167.21 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 68.4. Compound was prepared from 68.3 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-68. Compound was prepared from 68.4 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 418.3 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): 9.77-9.76 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H),7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.81-7.76 (m, 2H), 6.33 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.77(d, 1H), 3.68 (d, 1H), 2.79-2.67 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.72-1.68(m, 1H), 1.55-1.49 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.35 (m, 4H).

Example 69 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-69

Compound I-69 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-65.MS(ES): m/z 434 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76-9.75 (d, 1H),9.1 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.89 (dd1H), 7.82-7.75 (m, 2H),6.34-6.33 (d, 1H), 4.84-4.83 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.79-3.75 (m, 1H),3.62-3.52 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.68-2.65 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.88 (m,1H), 1.75-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.48 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.29 (m, 1H).

Example 70 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-70

Compound I-70 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-65.MS(ES): m/z 434 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76-9.75 (d, 1H),9.1 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.89 (dd, 1H), 7.82-7.75 (m, 2H),6.34-6.33 (d, 1H), 4.84-4.83 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.79-3.75 (m, 1H),3.62-3.52 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.68-2.65 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.88 (m,1H), 1.75-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.48 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.29 (m, 1H).

Example 71 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-71

Compound I-71 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-62.MS(ES): m/z 433 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76 (d, 1H), 9.09(s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.33 (d,1H), 4.49 (s, 3H), 3.31-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.24-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.11 (s, 2H),1.78-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.52 (s, 3H), 1.13 (s, 3H).

Example 72 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-72

Compound I-72 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-62.MS(ES): m/z 433 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76 (d, 1H), 9.09(s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.81-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.33 (d,1H), 4.49 (s, 3H), 3.31-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.24-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.11 (s, 2H),1.78-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.52 (s, 3H), 1.13 (s, 3H).

Example 73 Synthesis of(R)-2-(4-(3-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-73

Compound I-73 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-68.MS(ES): m/z 418.6 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.78-9.77 (d, 1H),9.11 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, 1H), 7.83-7.76 (m, 2H), 6.17-6.16(d, 1H), 5.80-5.75 (m, 2H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.80-3.72 (m, 4H), 3.48-3.45(m, 4H), 2.38-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.08 (s, 1H), 1.86-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.72(m, 2H).

Example 74 Synthesis of(S)-2-(4-(3-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-74

Compound I-68 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-68.MS(ES): m/z 418.6 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.78-9.77 (d, 1H),9.12 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, 1H), 7.83-7.74 (m, 2H), 6.17-6.16(d, 1H), 5.80-5.75 (m, 2H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.80-3.72 (m, 4H), 3.48-3.45(m, 4H), 2.38-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.08 (s, 1H), 1.86-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.72(m, 2H).

Example 75 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-75

Synthesis of compound 75.2. To the solution of compound 75.1 (0.5 g, 4.2mmol, 1.0 eq) in TFA (5.0 mL) was added PtO₂ (0.095 g, 0.42 mmol, 0.1eq.) in hydrogenator and stirred under hydrogen pressure at 100 psi for8 h. Reaction mixture was filtered through celite and concentrated underreduced pressure to get material which is diluted with DCM and basifiedwith methanolic ammonia. Solvents were removed under reduced pressureand resulting crude was purified by column chromatography to furnish75.2 (0.4 g, 77.33%). MS(ES): m/z 124.5 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 75.3. Compound 75.3 was prepared from compound75.2 and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64

Synthesis of compound I-75. Compound I-75 was prepared from compound75.3 using the procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z375.46[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.53 (s, 1H), 9.03 (s, 1H),8.04 (s, 1H), 7.90-7.88 (m, 1H), 7.79-7.74 (m, 2H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 4.45(s, 2H), 3.19 (br, 2H), 2.67-2.61 (m, 2H), 1.79 (br, 2H).

Example 76 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-76

Synthesis of compound 87.1. To a solution of 1.1 (2 g, 11.56 mmol, 1 eq)in DMA (10 mL) was added 1,4-dibromobutan-2-ol (3 g, 12.66 mmol, 1.1 eq)followed by DIPEA (5.0 mL, 28.9 mmol, 2.5 eq). Reaction was stirred at90° C. in microwave for 1 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixturewas transferred into water and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werewashed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to get crude which was purified by chromatography to furnish87.1 (2.0 g, 71.2%). MS(ES): m/z 244.14 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 76.1 To a Solution of 87.1 (2 g, 8.23 mmol, 1.0eq) in MeOH (3.0 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.5 g) and 1N HCl (0.5 mL). Themixture was stirred in hydrogenator under hydrogen (50 psi) at roomtemperature for 24 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture wasfiltered, solvents removed under reduced pressure to provide 76.1 (0.65g, 51.6%). MS(ES): m/z 154.09 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 76.2 Compound was prepared from 76.1 and 4.1 usingthe procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-76. Compound was prepared from 76.2 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 405.12 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79-9.78 (d, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H),7.924-7.904 (d, 1H), 7.81-7.77 (m, 2H), 6.14 (d, 1H), 4.94-4.93 (d, 1H),4.48 (s, 2H), 4.36 (s, 1H), 3.48-3.41 (m, 3H), 3.23-3.21 (m, 1H), 2.09(s, 1H), 2.01-1.99 (s, 1H), 1.87-1.85 (m, 1H).

Example 77 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyri-din-2-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-77

Synthesis of compound 77.2. To a solution 77.2 (0.1 g, 0.81 mmol, 1.0eq) in MeOH (4 mL) was added (BOC)₂O (0.212 g, 0.975 mmol, 1.2 eq). Thereaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was transferred into water and extracted with EtOAc.Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to provide 77.2 (0.105 g, 57.9%). MS(ES): m/z224.14 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 77.3. Compound was prepared from 77.2 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-77. Compound was prepared from 77.3 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 375.12[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.16 (s, 1H), 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.2 (s, 1H), 7.9 (m,1H), 7.81-7.74 (m, 2H), 5.27 (s, 1H), 4.47 (m, 2H), 3.07 (m, 2H),2.74-2.67 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.86 (m, 2H).

Example 78 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-78

Compound I-78 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-76.MS(ES): m/z 434 [M+H]⁻; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79-9.78 (d, 1H),9.1 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.89 (d, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H),6.14-6.13 (d, 1H), 4.95-4.94 (d, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 4.36 (s, 1H),3.47-3.44 (m, 3H), 3.23-3.2 (m, 1H), 2.09 (s, 1H), 2.01-1.99 (s, 1H),1.87-1.85 (m, 1H).

Example 79 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-79

Compound I-79 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-76.MS(ES): m/z 434 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79-9.78 (d, 1H),9.1 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.89 (d, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H),6.14-6.13 (d, 1H), 4.95-4.94 (d, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 4.36 (s, 1H),3.47-3.44 (m, 3H), 3.23-3.2 (m, 1H), 2.09 (s, 1H), 2.01-1.99 (s, 1H),1.87-1.85 (m, 1H).

Example 80 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-80

Synthesis of compound 80.1. To a solution of 62.1 (2.0 g, 7.83 mmol, 1.0eq) in THF (20.0 ml), Trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane (5.56 g, 39.1 mmol,5.0 eq) and TBAF (0.204 g, 0.78 mmol, 0.1 eq) were added. Reaction wasstirred at room temperature for 6 hr. Upon completion of the reaction,mixture was transferred into water, extracted with EtOAc, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which waspurified by column chromatography to provide 80.1 (2.1 g, 67.7%).MS(ES): m/z 398 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 80.2. To a solution of 80.1 (2.0 g, 5.03 mmol, 1.0eq) in MeOH (20.o mL). Pd(OH)₂/C (0.4 g) and 1.0 NHCl (catalytic amount)were added. Reaction mixture was stirred at 40 psi of H₂ for 15 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, mixture was filtered through concentratedunder reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to get 80.2. (0.32 g, 27.11%). MS(ES): m/z 236 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compounds 80.3 and 80.4. Compounds were prepared by chiralpurification of 80.2.

Synthesis of compound 80.5. Compound 80.5 was prepared from compounds80.2 and 4.1. using the procedure described in Example 56.

Synthesis of compound I-80. Compound was prepared from 80.5 using theprocedure described in using the procedure described in Example 56.MS(ES): m/z 487 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75 (d, 1H), 9.11(s, 1H), 8.16 (d, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.38 (d,1H), 6.02 (s, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.85 (d, 1H), 3.75 (d, 1H), 3.08 (d,1H), 2.88-2.82 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.60(m, 1H).

Example 81 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-81

Synthesis of compound 81.2. To a solution of n-butyl lithium (3.9 mL,1.1 eq) in THF (4.0 mL) was added 81.1 (1 g, 5.71 mmol, 1 eq) intetrahydrofuran (2 mL) at −78° C. To this mixture was added1,2-dimethyldisulfane (0.6 mL, 1.5 eq) and the resulting mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 4 h. Upon completion of the reaction,reaction mixture was transferred into water and extracted with EtOAc.Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to provide 81.2 (1.0 g, 79.2%). MS(ES): m/z223.10 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 81.3. To a solution of 81.2 (0.4 g, 1.8 mmol, 1eq) in acetone (8 mL) was added NaHCO₃ (0.76 g, 9.04 mmol, 5.0 eq),oxone (2.77 g, 4.52 mmol, 2.5 eq) at 0° C. and the resulting mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 2 h. Upon completion of the reaction,reaction mixture was transferred into water and extracted with EtOAc.Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to provide 81.3 (0.25 g, 54.6%). MS(ES): m/z255.12 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 81.4. The compound 1.3 (0.13 g, 0.51 mmol, 1.0 eq)was dissolved in DCM (1.0 mL) and TFA (0.5 mL) was added to the reactionmixture. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Uponcompletion of reaction, reaction mixture was transferred into water,basified with saturated bicarbonate solution and extracted with EtOAc.Organic layers were combined and dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder reduced pressure to obtain crude 81.4. This was used in to nextstep without further purification. (0.07 g, 93%). MS(ES): m/z 147[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 81.5. Compound was prepared from 81.4 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-81. (0.018 g, 34.1%). MS(ES): m/z 398.2 [M+H]⁺;¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.6-9.59 (d, 1H), 9.36 (s. 1H), 8.32 (m, 1H),7.95-7.93 (dd, 1H), 7.86-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.18-1.17 (d, 1H), 4.61 (s, 2H),3.4 (s, 3H).

Example 82 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-(2-methoxyethoxy)azetidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-82

Synthesis of compound 82.1. To a solution of 1.1 (1.0 g, 5.78 mmol, 1.0eq) in 2-propanol (5.0 mL) was added 2-(chloromethyl) oxirane (0.7 g,7.51 mmol, 1.3 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 18 h.Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was poured into waterand product was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined,washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to get crude which was purified by columnchromatography to furnish 82.1 (0.8 g, 60.44%). MS(ES): m/z 230.5[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 82.2. To 82.1 (0.8 g, 3.49 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DMF (5mL) was added 1-bromo-2-methoxyethane (0.53 g, 3.84 mmol, 1.10 eq) andCs₂CO₃ (1.7 g, 5.24 mmol, 1.5 eq.). Reaction mixture was stirred at 50°C. for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture wastransferred into water and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to get pure 82.2 (0.45 g, 44.9%).MS(ES): m/z 288.4 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 82.3. To the suspension of Pd(OH)₂ (0.25 g) inMeOH (5.0 mL) was added compound 82.2 (0.45 g, 1.57 mmol, 1.0 eq)followed by 1N HCl (catalytic) in hydrogenator and stirred underhydrogen pressure (1 atm) for 18 h. Reaction mixture filtered throughcelite and concentrated under reduced pressure to get crude which waspurified by column chromatography to furnish 82.3 (0.21 g, %). MS(ES):m/z 139.9 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 82.4. Compound 82.4 was prepared from compound82.3 and 4.1 using the procedure from Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-82. Compound I-82 was prepared from compound82.4 using the procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z449.28[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 7.84-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.74-7.63 (m,2H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 5.65 (s, 1H), 5.43 (s, 1H), 4.52 (s,2H), 4.42-4.41 (m, 1H), 3.74-3.52 (m, 4H), 3.45-3.39 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.32(m, 2H), 3.22 (s, 3H).

Example 83 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-(1,4-oxazepan-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-83

Synthesis of compound 83.2. To a cooled mixture of 83.1 (10.0 g, 99mmol, 1.0 eq) in concentrated HCl (52 mL) at 0° C. was added sodiumazide (11 g, 167 mmol, 1.69 eq) portion wise. Reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 8 h. Upon completion of the reaction,reaction mixture was transferred into water, basified to pH=9.0 bysodium carbonate and extracted with DCM. Combined organic layers werewashed with brine solution, dried over sodium sulphate and concentratedunder reduced pressure to obtained crude. 83.2. (4.0 g, 34.8%). MS(ES):m/z 116.3 [M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of compound 83.3. To a solution of1-benzyl-3-bromo-1H-pyrazole (0.5 g, 2.9 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 1,4 dioxane(10 ml) was added 83.2 (0.686 g, 4.3 mmol, 1.5 eq), CuI (0.027 g, 0.14mmol, 0.05 eq), K₂CO₃ (0.8 g, 5.80 mmol, 2.0 eq) andtrans-N,N′-Dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (0.02 g, 0.14 mmol, 0.05 eq)at room temperature and reaction mixture was stirred at 140° C. for 18h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was transferred into waterand product was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined,washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to get pure 83.3 (0.16 g, 20.4%). MS(ES): m/z 272.4[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 83.4. To a solution of 83.2 (0.16 g, 0.58 mmol 1.0eq) in THF (5 ml) was added Borane dimethyl sulfide (0.23 mL, 2.32 mmol,4 eq) at 0° C. Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, reaction mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography get pure 83.4 (0.1 g, 65.9%). MS(ES): m/z 258.4 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 83.5. To a solution of 83.4 (0.1 g, 0.388 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (10 mL), 20% palladium hydroxide on charcoal (0.03 g)and 1N HCl (catalytic) were added. Reaction mixture was stirred underhydrogen at 40 psi for 24 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reactionmixture was filtered through celite and washed with methanol andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude material. The crudewas purified by column chromatography to get pure to get 83.5 (0.06 g,92.34%). MS(ES): m/z 168.21 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 83.6. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-83. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64. (0.020 g, 49.57%). MS(ES): m/z 419.28 [M+H]⁺;¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): 9.77-9.76 (d, 1H), 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s,1H), 7.92-7.89 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.72 (m, 2H), 6.30-6.29 (d, 1H), 4.48 (s,2H), 3.73-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.53-3.58 (m, 6H), 1.91-1.86 (m, 2H).

Example 84 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-(3-amino-3-(trifluoromethyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-84

Synthesis of compound 84.2. To a solution of 84. 1 (10 g, 18.18 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (80 mL) was added Et₃N (55.5 mL, 54.5 mmol, 3 eq) andTMSI (39.3 g, 36.36 mmol, 2 eq) at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 12 h. Upon completion, reaction was quenched withwater and extracted with DCM. Combine organic layer were washed withbrine solution, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reducedpressure to obtained crude. 84.2. (10.0 g, 27.6%). MS(ES): m/z 200.4[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 84.4. To a solution of 84.3 (10 g, 64.0, 1.0 eq)in DCM (100 mL) was added tert-butyl carbamate (7.5 g, 64 mmol, 1.0 eq)at room temperature and stirred for 72 hrs. Upon completion of thereaction; reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude 84.4. (10 g, 57.1%). MS(ES): m/z 274.21 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 84.5. To a solution of 84.4 (7.7 g, 28 mmol, 1.0eq) in Et₂O (100 ml) was added drop wise Triflic anhydride (6.0 g, 28mmol, 1.02 eq) and pyridine (4.5 g, 57 mmol, 2.04 eq) at 0° C. for 90min. Upon completion of reaction; reaction mixture was filtered andfiltrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtained crude whichwas purified by trituration by get pure 84.5 (5.2 g, 72.3%). MS(ES): m/z256.19 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 84.6. To a solution of 84.2 (3.2 g, 16.4 mmol, 1.2eq) in THF (20 ml) was added n-BuLi (2.4M in Hexane) (6.8 mL, 16.4 mmol,1.2 eq) drop wise at −78° C. for 10 min. After 10 minutes a solution of84.5 (3.5 g, 13.7 mmol, 1.0 eq) in THF (10 mL) was added drop wise at−78° C. for 30 min and reaction mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 16 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction was quenched NH₄Cland product was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layer was combined, washedwith brine solution, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude material. 1.5 (3.7 g, 86.95%). MS(ES):m/z 311.36 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 84.7. To a solution of 1.5 (3.2 g, 10.31 mmol, 1.0eq) in Methanol (30 mL), 10% palladium hydroxide on charcoal (0.5 g) wasadded. Reaction mixture was stirred (under hydrogen) at 40 psi for 48 h.Upon completion of reaction, reaction mixture was filtered throughcelite and washed with methanol and concentrated under reduced pressureto obtain crude material. This is further purified by columnchromatography and the compound was eluted in 40% ethyl acetate andHexane to get pure to get 1.6. (1.2 g, 41.22%). MS(ES): m/z 283.21[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 84.8. To a solution of1-benzyl-3-bromo-1H-pyrazole (0.7 g, 2.9 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 1,4 dioxane(10 ml) was added 1.6 (0.1.2 g, 4.4 mmol, 1.5 eq), copper iodide (0.027g, 0.14 mmol, 0.05 eq), potassium carbonate (0.8 g, 5.80 mmol, 2.0 eq)and trans-N,N′-Dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (0.02 g, 0.14 mmol, 0.05eq) at room temperature and reaction mixture was stirred at 140° C. for18 h. Upon completion of reaction, reaction mixture was transferred inwater and product was extracted with ethyl acetate. Organic layer wascombined, washed with brine solution, dried over sodium sulphate andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude material. This isfurther purified by combi flash, the compound was eluted in 40% ethylacetate and Hexane to get pure 1.6 (0.4 g, 21.2%). MS(ES): m/z 439.5[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 84.9. To a solution of 1.6 (0.4 g, 0.91, 1.0 eq)in Tetrahydrofuran (5 ml) was added Borane dimethylsulfide (0.35 mL, 3.6mmol, 4 eq) at 0° C. and stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Uponcompletion of reaction; reaction mixture methanol was added andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude material. This isfurther purified by column chromatography and the compound was eluted30% ethyl acetate and Hexane to get pure to get pure 1.8. (0.165 g,42.6%). MS(ES): m/z 424.2 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 84.91. To a solution of 1.7 (0.16 g, 0.388 mmol,1.0 eq) in Methanol (10 mL), 20% palladium hydroxide on charcoal (0.03g) and 1N HCl (catalytic) was added. Reaction mixture was stirred (underhydrogen) at 40 psi for 24 h. Upon completion of reaction, reactionmixture was filtered through celite and washed with methanol andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude material. This isfurther purified by column chromatography and the compound was eluted in5% Methanol in dichloromethane to get pure to get 1.8. (0.1 g, 79.35%).MS(ES): m/z 335.21 [M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of compound 84.92. The compound was prepared by the samemethod as 83.6.

Synthesis of compound I-84. The compound was prepared by treatment of84.92 with TFA to remove the BOC group affording I-84 (0.011 g, 47.08%).MS(ES): m/z 486.33 [M+H]⁺. LCMS purity: 100%, HPLC purity: 98.40%,CHIRAL HPLC purity: 98.41. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHZ): 9.75-9.74 (d, 1H),9.12 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.76 (m, 2H), 6.41(d, 1H), 4.40 (d, 1H), 3.83 (d, 1H), 3.62 (d, 1H), 3.55 (d, 1H), 2.83(t, 1H), 1.97-1.96 (m, 3H), 1.70-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.58 (m, 1H).

Example 85 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-85

Synthesis of compound 85.1. To a solution of 1.1 (2.5 g, 14.3 mmol, 1.0eq) in DCM (10 mL) was added dimethyl 3-oxopentanedioate (5 g, 28 mmol,2 eq) and acetaldehyde (1.6 mL, 36.0 mmol, 2.1 eq) at −30° C. Reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Upon completion ofreaction; concentrated under reduced pressure to obtained crudematerial. This was purified by column chromatography and the compoundwas eluted in 5% ethyl acetate in hexane to get pure 85.1. (0.9 g,15.6%). MS(ES): m/z 400.35 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 85.2. To a solution of 85.1 (0.9 g, 2.2 mmol, 1.0eq) in EtOH (5 mL), was added 2N NaOH (2.8 ml, 5.6 mmol, 2.5 eq) at roomtemperature. Reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 24 h. Uponcompletion, of reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude which was purified by chromatography 85.2 (0.28 g, 39.16%).MS(ES): m/z 284.35 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 85.3. To a solution of 1.2 (0.28 g, 0.98 mmol, 1.0eq) in ethanol (10 ml) was added sodium borohydride (0.056 g, 1.5 mmol,1.5 eq) at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16h. Upon completion of the reaction, was transferred into water andextracted with dichloromethane, dried over sodium sulphate andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedto obtain 85.3. (0.25 g, 88.68%). MS(ES): m/z 286.35 [M+H]⁺

Synthesis of compound 85.4. To a solution of 85.3 (0.23 g, 1.7 mmol, 1.0eq) in Methanol (10 mL), 20% palladium hydroxide on charcoal (0.06 g)and 1N HCl (catalytic) was added. Reaction mixture was stirred underhydrogen at 40 psi for 24 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reactionmixture was filtered through celite and washed with methanol andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to provide 85.4. (0.12 g, 76.2%). MS(ES): m/z196.21 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 85.5. Compound was synthesized using the proceduredescribed in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-85. Compound was synthesized using the proceduredescribed in Example 64. (0.03 g, 45.9%). MS(ES): m/z 447.28 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHZ): 9.71 (d, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H),7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.81-7.76 (m, 2H), 6.37 (d, 1H), 4.62 (s, 1H), 4.50(s, 2H), 4.00-3.99 (m, 1H), 3.85-3.84 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.50 (m, 1H),1.91-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.79-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.34 (d, 3H),1.03 (d, 3H).

Example 86 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-86

Synthesis of compound 62.1. To a solution of 1.1 (1 g, 5.78 mmol, 1.0eq) in DMA (7 ml) was added DIPEA (1.9 g, 14.45 mmol, 2.5 eq) and1,5-dibromopentan-2-one (1.6 g, 6.36 mmol, 1.1 eq). Reaction mixture wasstirred at 100° C. for 1 hour in Microwave. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was transferred into water and extracted with EtOAc,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to get 86.1. (1 g,68%). MS(ES): m/z 256 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 86.2. To a mixture of (methoxymethyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (4 g, 11.75 mmol, 1.0 eq) in toluene (30mL) was added KHMDS solution (25 ml, 11.75 mmol, 3 eq) at 0° C. Reactionmixture stirred at 0° C. for 1 h and 86.1 (1 g, 3.92 mmol, 1 eq) wasadded. Upon completion of reaction, mixture was transferred into NH₄Clsolution, extracted with Et₂O. Organic layers were combined, washed withbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure topressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography toget pure 86.2 (0.4 g, 38%). MS(ES): m/z 270 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 86.3. To a solution of 86.2 (0.4 g, 14.86 mmol, 1eq) in THF (8 ml) was added NaBH₄ (0.14 g, 36.84 mmol, 1.0 eq) at 0° C.followed by addition of MeOH (1.0 ml). Reaction mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 1.5 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture wastransferred into water, then extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude which was purified bycolumn chromatography to provide 86.3 (0.35 g, 87.5%). MS(ES): m/z 272[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 86.4. To a solution of 86.3 (0.25 g, 92.2 mmol,1.0 eq) in Methanol (15.0 mL), 20% Pd(OH)₂/C (0.13 g) and 1.0 N HCl(catalytic) was added. Reaction mixture was stirred (under hydrogen) at40 psi for 48 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture wasfiltered through celite and washed with MeOH and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide (0.1 g, 60.24%). MS(ES): m/z 182 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 86.5. Compound 86.5 was prepared from compound86.4 and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound 86.6. Compound 86.6 was prepared from 86.5 usingthe procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-86. To a solution of 86.6 (0.06 g, 0.11 mmol, 1eq) in MeOH (3.0 ml) was added K₂CO₃ (0.15 g, 0.10 mmol, 4.0 eq).Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Uponcompletion of the reaction, mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure. The crude was purified by column chromatography to provideI-86 (0.022 g, 44.9%). MS(ES): m/z 433 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz):9.69-9.68 (d, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 7.80-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.73-7.63 (m, 2H),6.22-6.21 (d, 1H) 3.98-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.42 (m,2H), 2.90-2.84 (m, 1H), 2.68-2.62 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.76 (m, 3H), 1.67-1.60(m, 1H), 1.30-1.16 (m, 3H).

Example 87 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-87

Synthesis of compound 87.1. A solution of 1.1 (2.0 g, 11.56 mmol, 1.0eq) and 1,4-dibromobutan-2-ol (3 g, 12.93 mmol, 2.0 eq) in DMA (10.0 ml)reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 1 hr in Microwave. Uponcompletion of the reaction, mixture was poured into water and extractedwith EtOAc, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to furnish87.1. (1.2 g, 42.9%). MS(ES): m/z 244 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 87.2. To a mixture of 87.1 (0.9 g, 37.0 mmol, 1.0eq) and Et₃N (2.24 g, 22.2 mmol, 6 eq) in DCM (10 mL), Sulfur trioxidepyridine complex (1.76 g, 11.1 mmol, 3 eq) was added slowly at roomtemperature. Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h.Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was transferred into NH₄Clsolution, extracted with DCM, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 87.2. (0.5 g, 50.50%). MS(ES): m/z 242 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 87.3. A mixture of 87.2 (0.5 g, 2.0 mmol, 1.0 eq)in THF (5 mL) was cooled to −78° C. and MeMgI (3M in THF) (1.38 ml, 4.1mmol, 2 eq) was added. Reaction mixture was slowly warmed to roomtemperature and stirred for 1 h. Upon completion of the reaction,mixture was transferred into satd. NH₄Cl solution, extracted with EtOAc,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure at 36° C. toobtain 87.3 (0.4 g, 78.0%). MS(ES): m/z 258 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 87.4. To a solution of 87.2 (0.4 g, 1.5 mmol, 1.0eq) in MeOH (5.0 mL), Pd(OH)₂/C (0.2 g) and 1N HCl (catalytic amount)was added. Reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen pressure at 40psi for 12 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture wasfiltered through celite-bed and washed with methanol, concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude material. The crude was purified bycolumn chromatography to furnish 87.4. (0.16 g, 61.5%). MS(ES): m/z 168[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 87.5. Compound 87.5 was prepared by chiralseparation of compound 87.4.

Synthesis of compound 87.6. Compound 87.6 was prepared by chiralseparation of compound 87.4.

Synthesis of compound 87.5. Compound 87.7 was prepared from compounds87.4 and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-87. Compound I-87 was prepared from compound87.7 using the procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 419[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79-9.78 (d, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.16(d, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.12-6.11 (d, 1H), 4.78(s, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 3.49-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.22 (m, 2H), 1.89-1.83(m, 2H), 1.32-1.31 (d, H).

Example 88 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-88

Compound I-88 was prepared from compounds 80.3 and 4.1 using theprocedure described in Example 56. MS(ES): m/z 487 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.15 (d, 1H), 7.92-7.90(m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.38 (d, 1H), 6.02 (s, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H),3.85 (d, 1H), 3.75 (d, 1H), 3.08 (d, 1H), 2.88-2.82 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.79(m, 2H), 1.73-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.60 (m, 1H).

Example 89 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-89

Compound I-89 was prepared from compounds 80.4 and 4.1 using theprocedure described in Example 56. MS(ES): m/z 487 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.15 (d, 1H), 7.92-7.90(m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.38 (d, 1H), 6.02 (s, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H),3.85 (d, 1H), 3.75 (d, 1H), 3.08 (d, 1H), 2.88-2.82 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.79(m, 2H), 1.73-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.60 (m, 1H).

Example 90 Synthesis of2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(3-(3-(hydroxymethyl)morpholino)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one,I-90

Synthesis of compound 90.2. To a solution of naOH (15.2 g, 0.38 mmol, 1eq) in water (250 mL) was added 90.1 (40 g, 0.38 mmol, 1 eq) at 10° C.To this was added 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (92.1 g, 0.761 mmol, 2 eq) andstirred for 30 min. To this was added NaBH₄ (7.9 g, 0.20 mmol, 0.55 eq)portion wise in 20 min at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 16 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture waswashed with Et₂O and aqueous was acidified by 2N HCl to Ph=4.5. Thesolids precipitated out were filtered and washed with Et₂O to get 90.2(25.0 g, 29.2%). MS(ES): m/z 226.10 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 90.3. To a solution of NaOH (5.54 g, 138 mmol, 1eq) in water (300 mL) was added 90.2 (24 g, 106 mmol, 1.0 eq) at 0° C.To this was added chloroacetyl chloride (24 g, 213 mmol, 2 eq) dropwiseover a period of 20 min. To this mixture was added aq. NaOH to maintainpH=12. The reaction mass was stirred at 45° C. for 4 h. Upon completionof the reaction, mixture was cooled to 0° C. and acidified with dil. HCltill Ph=4. The product was extracted with EtOAc, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to get crude 90.3 The crude material was used for next stepwithout further purification. (Crude Wt: 18.0 g, 63.7%). MS(ES): m/z266.10 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 90.4. To a solution of 90.3 (18 g, 67.92 mmol, 1eq) in acetone (500 mL) was added BnBr (17.4 mmol, 423.5 mmol, 1.5 eq),DIPEA (43 g, 339.6 mmol, 5 eq). The resulting mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 18 h. Upon completion reaction was quenched withwater and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washedwith brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography tofurnish 90.4 (8.0 g, 33.2%). MS(ES): m/z 356.15 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 90.5. To a solution of 90.4 (8.0 g, 22.53 mmol, 1eq) in acetonitrile (200 mL), water (200 mL) was added ceric ammoniumnitrate (62 g, 112.67 mmol, 5 eq) at 0° C. for 1 h. To reaction wasadded DIPEA to adjust Ph=7 and stirred at room temperature overnight.Upon completion, reaction was quenched with water and extracted withEtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine solution, driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crudewhich was purified by trituration to provide 90.5 (2.0 g, 37.8%).MS(ES): m/z 236[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 90.6. To a solution of 90.5 (2 g, 8.43 mmol, 1.0eq) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) was added 1-benzyl-3-bromo-1H-pyrazole (2.97g, 12.65 mmol, 1.5 eq), CuI (1.62 g, 8.51 mmol, 1.0 eq), K₂CO₃ (2.34 g,17.02 mmol, 2.0 eq) and trans-N,N′-Dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (1.2g, 8.5 mmol, 1.0 eq) at room temperature and reaction mixture wasstirred at 100° C. for 4 h. Upon completion of reaction, reactionmixture was transferred into water and product was extracted with EtOAc.Organic layers were combined, washed with brine solution, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which waspurified by column chromatography to furnish 90.6 (0.7 g, 21.2%).MS(ES): m/z 392.16 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 90.7. To the suspension of LAH (0.226 g, 5.95mmol, 2 eq) in TH (5 mL) was added a solution of 90.6 (0.7 g, 1.78 mmol,1 eq) in THF (5.0 mL). The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 18h. Upon completion of reaction, mixture was cooled to room temperatureand quenched in Na₂SO₄. The crude mixture was filtered through celiteand washed with THF. Solvents were removed under reduced pressure toprovide 90.7 (0.108 g, 22.0%). MS(ES): m/z 274.15 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 90.8. To a solution of 90.7 (0.108 g, 0.395 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (5 mL). 20% Pd(OH)₂ (0.1 g) and 1N HCl (catalyticamount) were added. Reaction mixture was stirred (under hydrogen) at 30psi for 24 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture wasfiltered, solvents removed under reduced pressure and crude purified bycolumn chromatography to furnish 90.8. (0.048 g, 66.3%). MS(ES): m/z184.1 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 90.9. Compound was prepared from 90.8 using theprocedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-90. Compound was prepared from 90.9 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 435 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.77-9.76 (d, 1H), 9.05 (s, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H),7.620-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.3-7.26 (m, 2H), 6.29-6.28 (d, 1H), 4.79-4.76 (m,1H), 4.47 (s, 2H), 4-3.97 (s, 1H), 3.84-3.82 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.71 (m, 1H),3.59-3.46 (m, 5H), 3.14-3.09 (m, 1H),

Example 91 Synthesis of1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)piperidine-3-carboxylicacid, I-91

Synthesis of compound 91.1. To a solution of compound 86.5 (0.08 g,0.015 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DCM (5.0 mL) was added Et3N (0.09 g, 0.90 mmol,6.0 eq) and DMSO (0.117 g, 1.5 mmol, 10 eq) followed by addition ofSulfur trioxide pyridine complex (0.072 g, 0.45 mmol, 3 eq) portionwise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction; reaction mixture was transferred into NH₄Clsolution, extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washedwith brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to furnish 91.1 (0.08 g, 90.0%). MS(ES): m/z 531 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 91.2. To a solution of 91.1 (0.080 g, 0.15 mmol, 1eq) in t-butyl alcohol (1.0 ml) and 2-Methyl-2-buten (0.3 ml) was addedSodium chlorite (0.030 g, 0.34 mmol, 10 eq) followed by Sodiumdihydrogen phosphate (20% w/v, 0.3 ml) at room temperature, Reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Upon completion ofreaction, mixture was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude material 91.2 (0.048 g,58.24%). MS(ES): m/z 547 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-91. Compound I-91 was prepared from compound91.2 suing procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 447 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 12.38 (s, 1H), 9.75-9.75 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H),8.11 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.89 (d, 1H), 7.82-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.38-6.37 (d, 1H),4.49 (s, 2H), 3.86-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.65 (m, 1H), 3.04-2.88 (m, 3H),1.93 (s, 1H), 1.71 (s, 1H), 1.55 (s, 2H).

Example 92 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-92

Compound I-92 was prepared from compounds 87.5 and 92.1 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 419 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79-9.78 (d, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, 1H),7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.12-6.11 (d, 1H), 4.78 (s, 1H),4.48 (s, 2H), 3.49-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.22 (m, 2H), 1.89-1.83 (m, 2H),1.32-1.31 (d, 3H).

Example 93 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-93

Compound I-93 was prepared from compound 87.6 and 4.1 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 419 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79-9.78 (d, 1H), 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, 1H),7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.12-6.11 (d, 1H), 4.77 (s, 1H),4.48 (s, 2H), 3.49-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.22 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.84 (m, 2H),1.32-1.31 (d, 3H).

Example 94 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-94

Synthesis of compound 94.2. To a solution of 94.1 (1 g, 6.1 mmol, 1.0eq) in THF (10 mL) was added LAH (1 m) (24.6 g, 24.6 mmol, 4 eq) at 0°C. Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. Uponcompletion of reaction, mixture was transferred into sodium sulphatedecahydrate and filtered on celite bed the washed with ethyl acetate andfiltrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude, whichwas purified by column chromatography to furnish 94.2. (0.5 g, 72.49%).MS(ES): m/z 113.35 [M+H]⁻

Synthesis of compound 94.3. Compound was prepared from 94.2 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-94. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64. (0.011 g, 56.1%). MS(ES): m/z 364.3 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHZ): 9.63 (d, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H),7.92-7.91 (m, 1H), 7.81-7.69 (m, 2H), 6.55 (d, 1H), 4.74 (d, 1H), 4.54(s, 2H), 3.773-3.69 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.79 (m, 2H),

Example 95 Synthesis of1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)piperidine-3-carbonitrile,I-95

Synthesis of compound 95.1. To a mixture of 91.1 (0.07 g, 0.13 mmol, 1.0eq) in DCM (2.0 ml) was added I₂ (0.05 g, 0.19 mmol, 1.5 eq) and NH₄OH(0.2 ml). Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, reaction mixture was transferred into water,and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed withbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude that was purified by column chromatography to provide 95.1(0.06 g, 86.95%). MS(ES): m/z 528 [M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of compound I-95. Compound was prepared from 95.1 using theprocedure described in Example 64. (0.025 g, 52.1%). MS(ES): m/z 428[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.77 (d, 1H), 9.14 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s,1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.76 (m, 2H), 6.44 (d, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H),3.59-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.37 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.26 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.10 (m,1H), 1.89-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.62 (m, 1H).

Example 96 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(5-hydroxy-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-96

Synthesis of compound 96.2. To a solution of N,O-dimethylhydroxylamineHCl (10.0 g, 95.69 mmol, 1.0 eq) and Et₃N (19.36 g, 191.6 mmol, 2.0 eq)in CH₂Cl₂ (60 mL) reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min.Compound 96.1 was added at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 15 h. Upon completion of the reaction, organic layer waswashed with water, brine, sat NaHCO₃ solution and 1.0 N HCl, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtaincrude. Crude was purified by column chromatography to provide 96.2 (9.0g, 72.9%).

Synthesis of compound 96.3. To a mixture of 96.2 (9.0 g, 69.76 mmol, 1.0eq) in tetrahydrofuran (100.0 mL). Reaction mixture was cooled to −70°C. and EtMgBr (1M in THF) (72 ml, 73.25 mmol, 1.05 eq) was added.Reaction mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred for18 h. Upon completion of the reaction; reaction mixture was transferredinto satd. NH₄Cl, extracted with diethyl ether, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to furnish 96.3 (6.0 g, 88.3%).

Synthesis of compound 96.4. To a solution of 96.3 (6.0 g, 71.42 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (70.0 mL). Reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and Br₂(11.4 g, 71.42 mmol, 1.0 eq) was added. Reaction was stirred at 0° C.for 15 h. Upon completion of the reaction; mixture was transferred intowater, extracted with CH₂Cl₂, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by distillation toget pure 96.4 (1.0 g, 10%).

Synthesis of compound 96.5. To a solution of 96.4 (1.0 g, 5.6 mmol, 1.0eq) was added HBr in water (47% in water) (10 mL). Reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 15 h. Upon completion of the reaction;mixture was transferred into water, and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 96.5. (1.0 g,68.96%).

Synthesis of compound 96.6. To a solution of 96.5 (1.0 g, 3.8 mmol, 1.0eq) and 1.1 (0.67 g, 3.8 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DMA (6.0 ml) was added DIPEA(2.0 ml, 11.6 mmol, 3.0 eq) Reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. inMicrowave for 1 hour. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture wastransferred into water and extracted with EtOAc, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to provide 96.6 (0.7 g, 67.96%). MS(ES): m/z269.6 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 96.7. To a solution of 96.6 (0.7 g, 2.6 mmol, 1.0eq) in MeOH (10 mL). NaBH₄ (0.2 g, 5.2 mmol, 2.0 eq) was added at 0° C.Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was transferred into NH₄Cl, extracted with EtOAc,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to get 96.7 (0.7 g,98.0%). MS(ES): m/z 272 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 96.8. To a solution of 96.7 (0.65 g, 2.39 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (10.0 mL), Pd(OH)₂ on charcoal (0.5 g) and 1N HCl (cat.)were added. Reaction mixture was stirred at 40 psi of H₂ pressure for 24h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was filtered throughcelite-bed and washed with methanol, concentrated under reduced pressureto obtain crude material. The crude was purified by columnchromatography to furnish 96.8. (0.2 g, 46.0%). MS(ES): m/z 182 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 96.9. Compound 96.9 was prepared by chiralseparation of compound 96.8 (0.050 g), MS (ES): m/z 182 [M+H]⁺,

Synthesis of compound 96.91. Compound 96.91 was prepared by chiralpurification of compound 96.8 MS (ES): m/z 182 [M+H]⁺,

Synthesis of compound 96.92. Compound 96.92 was prepared using theprocedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-96. Compound I-96 was prepared using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 433 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76 (s, 1H), 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.14 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.76(m, 4H), 6.3 (s, 1H), 4.85 (s, 1H), 4.08-4.05 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.54 (m,2H), 2.91-2.82 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.62 (m, 4H), 1.01-0.99 (d, 3H).

Example 97 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-97

Compound I-97 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-86.MS(ES): m/z 433 [M+H]⁺; 1H NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 9.69-9.68 (d, 1H), 8.28(s, 1H), 7.79-7.72 (m, 1H), 7.71-7.62 (m, 2H), 6.23-6.22 (d, 1H)3.98-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.83-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.91-2.85 (m,1H), 2.68-2.62 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.76 (m, 3H), 1.70-1.64 (m, 1H), 1.23-1.17(m, 3H).

Example 98 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-98

Compound I-98 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-86.MS(ES): m/z 433 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 9.69-9.68 (d, 1H), 8.27(s, 1H), 7.78-7.71 (m, 1H), 7.69-7.62 (m, 2H), 6.23-6.22 (d, 1H)3.98-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.84 (m,1H), 2.68-2.64 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.76 (m, 3H), 1.71-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.17(m, 3H).

Example 99 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(4-((1-methylazetidin-3-yl)sulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-99

Synthesis of 99.2. To a solution of 99.1 (5.0 g, 24.15 mmol, 1 eq) inDCM (100 mL) was added Et₃N (5 g, 49.5 mmol, 2 eq). To this was addedMsCl (2.89 g, 25.35 mmol, 1.05 eq) drop wise at 0° C. The reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. Upon completion of thereaction, reaction was quenched with and extracted with DCM. Combinedorganic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to get crude which was purified bycolumn chromatography to furnish 99.2 (5.0 g, 48%). MS(ES): m/z 285[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 99.3. To a suspension of K₂CO₃ (3.63 g, 26.31 mmol, 1.5 eq)in DMF (100 mL) was added ethanethioic S-acid (1.99 g, 26.31 mmol, 1.5eq) at 0° C. To this was added 99.2 (5 g, 17.54 mmol, 1 eq). Theresulting mixture was heated to 60° C. for 6 h. Upon completion, thereaction was quenched with water then extracted with ethyl acetate.Organic layers were combined, washed with brine solution, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to furnish 99.3 (2.1g, 48.5%). MS(ES): m/z 266.12 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 99.4. Through a solution of 99.3 (2.1 g, 7.92 mmol, 1 eq)in DCM (100 mL), water (30 mL) at 0° C., Cl₂ gas was bubbled for 1 h.Upon completion of the reaction; reaction mixture was poured into water,and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed withbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure topressure to obtain crude material which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 99.4 (1.4 g, 29.96%). MS(ES): m/z 291.01[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 99.5. To a solution of 1.1 (5.0 g, 28.9 mmol, 1 eq) in DMA(15 mL) was added bis(2-chloroethyl)amine (5.1 g, 28.65 mmol, 1 eq),DIPEA (11.15 g, 86.43 mmol, 3 eq). The resulting mixture was heated 90°C. in microwave for 2 h. Upon completion, the reaction was quenched withwater and extracted with EtOAc, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to get crude. The crude was purifiedby column chromatography to furnish 99.5 (0.5 g, 4.29%). MS(ES): m/z243.16 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 99.6. To a solution of 99.5 (0.5 g, 2.01 mmol, 1.0 eq) inDCM (20.0 mL) was added Et₃N (0.521 g, 5.16 mmol, 2.5 eq) at 0° C. Tothis was added 99.4 (0.716 g, 2.47 mmol, 1.2 eq). The reaction wasstirred at room temperature for 1 h. Upon completion, the reaction wasquenched with water and extracted with EtOAc, washed with brine, driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to get crude. Thecrude was purified by column chromatography to furnish 99.6 (0.45 g,60.7%). MS(ES): m/z 359 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 99.7. To a Solution of 99.6 (0.45 g, 0.909 mmol, 1.0 eq) inMoOH (3 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.15 g) and 1N HCl (0.5 mL). The mixturewas stirred in hydrogenator under hydrogen (50 psi) at room temperaturefor 24 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was filteredthrough celite bed and washed with methanol (10 mL). Filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to provide 99.7 (0.2 g, 55.3%). MS(ES): m/z266.25 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 99.8. To a solution of 99.7 (0.3 g, 0.831 mmol, 1 eq) inMeOH (15 mL) was added paraformaldehyde (0.25 g, 8.31 mmol, 10 eq),NaCNBH₃ (0.06 g, 0.9141 mmol, 1.1 eq) at 0° C. The resulting reactionmass was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Upon completion, thereaction was quenched with, extracted with ethyl acetate, washed withbrine, then dried over Na₂SO₄. Solvents were removed under reducedpressure to provide crude which was purified by column chromatography toprovide 99.8 (0.18 g, 57.8%). MS(ES): m/z 376.15 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 99.9. To a Solution of 99.8 (0.18 g, 0.48 mmol, 1.0 eq) inMeOH (5.0 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.15 g) and 1N HCl (0.5 mL). Themixture was stirred in hydrogenator under hydrogen (50 psi) at roomtemperature for 24 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixturewas filtered through celite bed and washed with methanol (10 mL).Filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude whichwas purified by column chromatography to provide 99.9 (0.044 g, 32.2%).MS(ES): m/z 285.11 [M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of 99.91. Compound was prepared from 99.9 and 4.1 using theprocedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of I-99. Compound was prepared from 99.91 using the proceduredescribed in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 537.11 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400MHz): 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.85-7.83 (d, 1H), 7.73-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.51 (s, 1H),6.99 (s, 1H), 6.07 (s, 1H), 5.75 (m, 2H), 5.04 (m, 2H), 4.3 (m, 2H),3.22-3.14 (m, 4H), 3.09-3.05 (m, 4H).

Example 100 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-(1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-100

Synthesis of compound 100.1. To a solution of 100.1 (0.53 g, 2.19 mmol,1.0 eq) in benzene (10.0 mL) were added Ethylene glycol (0.817 g, 13.2mmol, 6.0 eq), p-TsOH (0.037 g, 0.21 mmol, 0.1 eq). Reaction was stirredat 90° C. for 16 h in Dean-Stark apparatus. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was transferred into water, and then extracted withEtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which waspurified by column chromatography to provide 100.1 (0.41 g, 65.5%).MS(ES): m/z 286 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 100.2. To a solution of 100.1 (0.4 g, 1.40 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (10.0 mL). 20% Pd(OH)₂ (0.1 g) and 1N HCl (catalyticamount) were added. Reaction mixture was stirred (under hydrogen) at 40psi for 12 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture wasfiltered and solvents removed under reduced pressure to obtain crudewhich was purified by column chromatography to furnish 100.2 (0.13 g,47.6%). MS(ES): m/z 196 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 100.3. Compound was prepared from 100.2 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-100. Compound was prepared from 100.3 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 447 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.78 (s, 1H), 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d,1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.16 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.92 (s, 4H), 3.44(t, 2H), 3.39 (s, 2H), 2.10 (t, 2H).

Example 101 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-101

Synthesis of compound 101.2. To a solution of 101.1 (4 g, 36.3 mmol, 1.0eq) in Et₂O (20 mL) was added 10% Pd/C (0.25 g). Reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature under H₂ at 30 psi for 5 h. Upon completionof the reaction, mixture was filtered. Filtrate was concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to get 101.1. (2.8 g, 67.6%). MS(ES): m/z 115 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 101.3. A mixture of 101.2 (2.4 g, 21.0 mmol, 1.0eq) and 1,1-dimethoxy-N,N-dimethylmethanamine (5.0 g, 42.1 mmol, 2.0 eq)in sealed tube was stirred at 100° C. for 12 h. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain thecrude which was purified by column chromatography to provide 101.3 (2.5g, 70.4%). MS(ES): m/z 170 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 101.4. To a solution of 101.3 (2.0 g, 11.8 mmol,1.0 eq) in EtOH (20 ml) was added Hydrazine monohydrate (0.7 g, 14.2mmol, 1.2 eq). Reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hours. Uponcompletion, reaction mixture was concentrated to obtain crude which waspurified by column chromatography to provide 101.4 (0.9 g, 55.2%).MS(ES): m/z 139 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 101.5. Compound was prepared from 101.4 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-101. Compound was prepared from 101.5 using theprocedure described in Example 64. (0.1 g, 31.4%). MS(ES): m/z 390[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): 9.65 (d, 1H), 8.48 (d, 1H), 7.69 (d,1H), 7.60-7.55 (m, 1H), 7.51-7.47 (m, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.54 (d, 1H),5.07 (t, 1H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 4.10-4.05 (m, 1H), 3.97-3.92 (m, 1H),2.37-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.03 (m, 3H).

Example 102 Synthesis of2-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)aceticacid, I-102

Synthesis of compound 102.1. To a solution of 94.3 (0.4 g, 0.86 mmol,1.0 eq) in DMSO (0.067 g, 8.6 mmol, 10.0 eq) and DCM (5.0 mL) was addedEt₃N (0.7 mL, 24.6 mmol, 6 eq) and Sulfur trioxide pyridine complex (0.4mL, 2.5 mmol, 3 eq) at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixturewas transferred into water and product was extracted with DCM. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude 120.1. (0.12 g,29.0%). MS(ES): m/z 464.68 [M+H]⁺. Crude was used for next step withoutpurification.

Synthesis of compound 102.2. To a solution of 120.1 (0.1 g, 0.21 mmol,1.0 eq) in t-butanol was added sodium chlorite (0.29 g, 2.1 mmol, 10 eq)and di-sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (1.5 mL) followed by2-methyl-2-butene (1.5 mL). Reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 4 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixturewas transferred into water and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby preparative HPLC to obtain 20.2. (0.02 g, 16.1%). MS(ES): m/z 478.5[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-102. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64. (0.010 g, 63.27%). MS(ES): m/z 378.18 [M+H]⁺;¹H NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 9.62 (s, 1H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.82-7.80 (m, 1H),7.76-7.65 (m, 3H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 3.68 (s, 2H).

Example 103 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-103

Compound I-103 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-101.MS(ES): m/z 390 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): 9.65 (d, 1H), 8.48 (d,1H), 7.69 (d, 1H), 7.60-7.55 (m, 1H), 7.51-7.47 (m, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H),6.54 (d, 1H), 5.07 (t, 1H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 4.10-4.05 (m, 1H), 3.97-3.92(m, 1H), 2.37-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.03 (m, 3H).

Example 104 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-104

Compound I-103 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-101.MS(ES): m/z 390 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): 9.65 (d, 1H), 8.48 (d,1H), 7.69 (d, 1H), 7.60-7.55 (m, 1H), 7.51-7.47 (m, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H),6.54 (d, 1H), 5.07 (t, 1H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 4.10-4.05 (m, 1H), 3.97-3.92(m, 1H), 2.37-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.03 (m, 3H).

Example 105 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-((3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-105

Synthesis of compound 105.2. To a solution of 105.1 (0.4 g, 1.46 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.45 g), dil. HCl (0.1 mL) in50 mL autoclave. The hydrogen was purged to 50 psi. The reaction wasstirred at room temperature overnight. Upon completion of the reaction,mixture was filtered. The mother liquor was evaporated to furnish 105.2(0.15 g, 55.9%). Crude compound was used for next step without anypurification. LCMS (ES): m/z 184.21 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 105.3. Compound 105.3 was prepared from 105.2 and4.1 as described in Example 64

Synthesis of compound I-105. Compound I-105 was prepared from 105.3 asdescribed in example 64. MS(ES): m/z 435.15 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (MeOD, 400MHz): 9.71-9.70 (d, 1H), 8.29 (s, 1H), 7.8-7.78 (m, 1H), 7.75-7.64 (m,2H), 6.25 (s, 1H), 4.54-4.12 (s, 2H), 3.9-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.8 (m,1H), 3.54-3.45 (m, 3H), 3.43-3.42 (m, 1H), 1.97-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.77(m, 1H).

Example 106 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((2R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-106

Synthesis of compound 106.1 and 106.2. Compounds were prepared by chiralpurification of compound 85.3.

Synthesis of compound 106.3. To a solution of 106.1 (0.24 g, 0.77 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (10 mL), 20% palladium hydroxide on charcoal (0.06 g)and 1N HCl (catalytic) were added. Reaction mixture was stirred underhydrogen at 40 psi for 24 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reactionmixture was filtered through celite, and concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude material. The crude was purified by columnchromatography to get pure to get 106.3 (0.105 g, 69.7%). MS(ES): m/z195.3 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 106.4. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-106. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64. (0.015 g, 47.09%). MS(ES): m/z 447.28 [M+H]⁺;¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.71 (d, 1H), 9.13 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H),7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.34 (d, 1H), 4.69 (s, 1H), 4.50(s, 2H), 3.78-3.77 (bs, 1H), 3.56-3.52 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.89 (m, 2H),1.47-1.41 (m, 1H), 1.26-1.20 (m, 1H), 1.13-1.11 (d, 6H).

Example 107 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((2S,6R)-4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-107

Compound I-107 was prepared using the procedures referred in Example106. (0.017 g, 50.76%). MS(ES): m/z 447.28 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400MHz): 9.71 (d, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H),7.84-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.36 (d, 1H), 4.62-4.60 (d, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.99(bs, 1H), 3.86-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.51 (m, 1H), 1.95-1.93 (m, 1H),1.81-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.57 (m, 1H), 1.34 (d, 3H), 1.03 (d, 3H).

Example 108 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-((4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-108

Synthesis of compound 108.1. To a solution of 56.1 (2.6 g, 10.18 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (34.0 mL) was added LHMDS (2.55 g, 15.2 mmol, 1.5 eq) at0° C. and reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h.Reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and MeI (2.17 g, 15.2 mmol, 1.5 eq)was added dropwise, over 1 hour. Upon completion of the reaction,reaction mixture was transferred into ice, then extracted with EtOAc.Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The crude was purified by columnchromatography to furnish 108.1 (0.78 g, 28.05%). MS(ES): m/z 270[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 108.2. To a solution of 108.1 (0.780 g, 2.89 mmol,1.0 eq) in acetonitrile (12.0 mL) was added NaI (0.868 g, 5.79 mmol, 3.0eq) followed by Et₃N (0.586 g, 5.79 mmol, 2.0 eq) at 0° C. and reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Reaction mixture wascooled to 0° C. and TMSCl (0.629 g, 5.79 mmol, 2.0 eq) was addeddropwise. Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 15 h. Uponcompletion of reaction, reaction mixture was transferred into ice.Resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure. The crude was purified by column chromatography tofurnish 108.2 (0.78 g, 79.6%). MS(ES): m/z 342 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 108.3. To a mixture of 108.2 (0.780 g, 2.28 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (15.0 mL) was added metachloroperoxybenzoic acid (0.786g, 4.56 mmol, 0.1 eq) at 0° C. Reaction mixture stirred at roomtemperature for 1 h. Upon completion of the reaction; reaction mixturewas transferred into water, then extracted with EtOAc. Organic layer wascombined, washed with NaHCO₃, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude which was purified bycolumn chromatography to provide 108.3 (0.68 g, 85.1%). MS(ES): m/z 286[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 108.4. To a solution of NH₄BH(OAc)₃ (2.72 g, 17.9mmol, 8 eq) in acetone (50 mL) and HOAc (2.15 g, 35.4 mmol, 16 eq), wasadded 108.3 (0.640 g, 2.24 mmol, 1.0 eq) at 0° C. Reaction was stirredat room temperature for 8 h. Upon completion of the reaction; reactionmixture was transferred into water, then extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude whichwas purified by column chromatography 108.4 (0.15 g, 23.0%). MS(ES): m/z288 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 108.5. To a solution of 108.4 (0.150 g, 0.52 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (5 mL). 20% Pd(OH)₂ (0.03 g) and 1N HCl (catalyticamount) was added. Reaction mixture was stirred (under hydrogen) at 40psi for 16 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture wasfiltered through celite-bed and washed with MeOH. Filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude, which was purifiedby column chromatography to provide 108.5. (0.095 g, 93.13%). MS(ES):m/z 198 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 108.6. Compound was prepared from 108.5 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-108. Compound was prepared from 108.6 using theprocedure described in Example 64 MS(ES): m/z 449 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (MeOD,400 MHz): 9.75 (d, 1H), 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H),7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.34 (d, 1H), 4.73 (d, 1H), 4.50 (d, 3H), 3.50-3.48(m, 1H), 3.41-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.08 (m, 1H), 2.91 (d, 1H), 1.92-1.87(m, 1H), 1.46-1.42 (m, 1H), 1.08 (s, 3H).

Example 109 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-((3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-109

Synthesis of compound 109.1. To a solution of 1.1 (1.0 g, 5.7 mmol, 1.0eq) in DMF 10 mL) was added NaH (0.7 g, 17.3 mmol, 3 eq) at 0° C. andreaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Reactionmixture was cooled to 0° C. and 3-bromopropane-1-ene (1.1 ml, 13.2 mmol,2.3 eq) was added dropwise, stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, reaction mixture was transferred into ice.Resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layer were combined,washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude compound. The crude was purified by columnchromatography to furnish 109.1 (1.2 g, 82.19%). MS(ES): m/z 254 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 109.2. To a mixture of 109.1 (0.5 g, 1.9 mmol, 1.0eq) in DCM (10.0 mL) was addedBenzylidene-bis(tricyclohexylphosphino)-dichlororuthenium (0.162 g, 0.19mmol, 0.1 eq). Reaction mixture stirred at room temperature for 6 h.Upon completion of the reaction; reaction mixture was transferred intowater, extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed withbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to provide109.2 (0.25 g, 56.3%). MS(ES): m/z 226 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 109.3. To a solution of OsO₄ catalyst (2% inwater) (0.01 eq) in water (2.0 mL) was added N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide(0.13 g, 11.1 mmol, 1.0 eq) at 0° C. then 109.2 (0.13 g, 11.1 mmol, 2.3eq) in acetone (2.0 ml) was added dropwise at 0° C. reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 6 h. Upon completion of the reaction;reaction mixture was transferred into water, extracted with EtOAc.Organic layer were combined, washed with brine solution, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude material.This is further purified by column chromatography to get pure 109.3(0.15 g, 52.26%). MS(ES): m/z 260 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 109.4. To a solution of 109.3 (0.15 g, 0.57 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (15.0 mL) was added 20% Pd(OH)₂ on charcoal (0.15 g) and1N HCl (catalytic amount). Reaction mixture was stirred (under hydrogen)at 40 psi for 24 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixturewas filtered through celite-bed and washed with methanol andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude material. The crudewas purified by column chromatography to furnish 109.4 (0.1 g, 82%).MS(ES): m/z 170 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 109.5. Compound 109.5 was prepared as described inExample 64.

Synthesis of compound I-109. Compound I-109 was prepared as described inExample 64. MS(ES): m/z 421 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.78-9.77(d, 1H), 9.10 (s, H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.90 (d, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m,2H), 6.13-6.12 (d, 1H), 4.93 (s, 2H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 4.11 (s, 2H),3.51-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.23-3.19 (m, 2H).

Example 110 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(2-methyl-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonan-7-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-110

Synthesis of compound 110.1. A solution of 56.1 (2.4 g, 10.6 mmol, 1.0eq) in DME (25.0 ml) was stirred at −10° C. for 30 min. Potassiumtert-butoxide (3.08 g, 27.5 mmol, 2.6 eq) and Toluenesulfonylmethylisocyanide (2.31 g, 11.84 mmol, 1.12 eq) were added at 0° C. Reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 h. Upon completion,mixture was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washedwith brine, sat NaHCO₃ solution, dried over sodium sulphate andconcentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtain crudematerial. The crude was purified by column chromatography to provide110.1 (1.2 g, 48%). MS(ES): m/z 267 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 110.2. To a mixture of 110.1 (1.2 g, 4.39 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (20 mL) was added LHMDS (2.20 g, 13.1 mmol, 3.1 eq) at−78° C. followed by Ethyl chloroformate (1.90 g, 17.1 mmol, 4.0 eq).Reaction mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred for 4h. Upon completion of the reaction; reaction mixture was transferredinto ice, and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washedwith brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to provide110.2 (1.2 g, 68.6%). MS(ES): m/z 389 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 110.3. To a solution of 110.2 (1.2 g, 2.21 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (10.0 mL) was added NaBH₄ (0.167 g, 4.40 mmol, 1.5 eq)at 0° C. and stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was transferred into ice, extracted with EtOAc.Organic layers were combined, washed with brine solution, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced to pressure to obtain crude whichwas purified by column chromatography to provide 110.3 (1.05 g, 92.1%).MS(ES): m/z 297 [M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of compound 110.4. To solution of 110.3 (1.0 g, 0.33 mmol, 1.0eq) in DCM (10 mL) was added Et₃N (1.0 g, 10.1 mmol, 3 eq) andp-Toluenesulfonyl chloride (1.25 g, 6.75 mmol, 2.0 eq). Reaction mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 36 h. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was transferred into ice, and then extracted withEtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine solution, driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to provide110.4 (1.0 g, 66.66%). MS(ES): m/z 451 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 110.5. To a solution of 110.4 (1.0 g, 2.22 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (15 mL) was added LAH (0.2 g, 5.33 mmol, 2 eq) at 0° C.and stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Upon completion of thereaction; reaction mixture was transferred into ice, extracted withEtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine solution, driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to provide110.5 (0.55 g, 88.7%). MS(ES): m/z 283 [M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of compound 110.6. To a solution of 110.5 (0.55 g, 1.94 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (10 ml) was added paraformaldehyde (0.35 g, 11.69 mmol,6.0 eq), NaCHBH₃ (0.146 g, 2.32 mmol, 1.2 eq) and HOAc (0.582 g, 9.7mmol, 5 eq) at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 15 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was extracted withEtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, saturatedNaHCO₃, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude which was purified by chromatography to provide 110.6(0.295 g, 51.8%). MS(ES): m/z 297 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 110.7. To a solution of 110.6 (0.29 g, 0.97 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (10.0 mL) were added 20% Pd(OH)₂ (0.06 g) and 1N HCl(catalytic amount). Reaction mixture was stirred (under hydrogen) at 20psi for 16 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was filteredthrough celite. Solvents were removed under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to furnish 110.7.(0.19 g, 95.0%). MS(ES): m/z 207 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 110.8. Compound was prepared from 110.7 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-110. Compound was prepared from 110.8 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 458 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO,400 MHz): 8.58 (S, 1H), 7.86 (d, 2H), 7.75-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.00 (s, 1H),6.57 (s, 1H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 3.66 (t, 4H), 3.22 (s, 4H), 2.18 (s, 3H),1.38 (t, 4H).

Example 111 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl-7,7-d2)benzonitrile,I-111

Sodium metal (0.026 g, 1.15 mmol, 10 eq) was added slowly in deuteratedmethanol (2 mL) at 0° C. and solution of I-71 (0.050 g, 1.15 mmol, 1.0eq) in deuterated chloroform (1 ml) was added. The reaction was stirredat room temperature for 24 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixturewas transferred into water, extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder reduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude which was purified bycolumn chromatography to furnish I-111 (0.030 g, 60%). MS(ES): m/z 435[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76 (d, 1H), 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s,1H), 7.93-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.33 (d, 1H), 3.31-3.28 (m,1H), 3.22-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.11 (s, 2H), 1.77-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.51-149 (m,3H), 1.13 (s, 3H).

Example 112 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((2S,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-112

Compound I-112 was prepared from compounds 96.9 and 112.1 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 433.43 [M+H]⁺¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76 (s, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90(d, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 4.88 (s, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H),4.10-4.02 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.58 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.75 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.62 (m,2H), 1.48-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.01-0.99 (d, 3H).

Example 113 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((2S,5R)-5-hydroxy-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-113

Compound I-113 was prepared from compounds 96.91 and 113.1 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 433.43 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.77 (s, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.14 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90(d, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 4.88 (s, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H),4.10-4.02 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.58 (m, 2H), 2.82 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.62 (m, 2H),1.48-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.01-0.99 (d, 3H).

Example 114 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl-7,7-d2)benzonitrile,I-114

Compound I-114 was prepared from compound I-78 using the proceduredescribed in Example 111. MS(ES): m/z 407.16 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆,400 MHz): 9.79 (s, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.17-8.11 (m, 1H), 7.92-7.9 (d,1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.14 (s, 1H), 4.49 (s, 1H), 4.36 (s, 1H),3.48-3.32 (m, 3H), 3.17 (m, 1H), 2.02-2 (m, 1H), 1.99-1.95 (m, 1H).

Example 115 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-((3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxyazepan-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-115

Synthesis of compound 115.1. To a solution of 1.1 (5.0 g, 28.9 mmol, 1.0eq) in DMF (15 mL) was added NaH (1.5 g, 37.5 mmol, 1.3 eq) at 0° C. andreaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Reactionmixture was cooled to 0° C. and 3-bromopropane-1-ene (2.5 ml, 28.9 mmol,1 eq) was added dropwise, stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, reaction mixture was transferred into ice.Resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure. Resulting crude was purified by column chromatographyto furnish 115.1 (3 g, 48.8%). MS(ES): m/z 214 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 115.2. To a solution of 115.1 (3.0 g, 14.0 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (30.0 mL) was added NaH (1.7 g, 42.2 mmol, 3 eq) at 0° C.and reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Reactionmixture was cooled to 0° C. and 5-bromo-1-pentene (4.19 g, 28.1 mmol, 2eq) was added dropwise, stirred at 60-70° C. for 15 h. Upon completionof the reaction, reaction mixture was poured into ice. Resulting mixturewas extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed withbrine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure. The crude was purified by column chromatography to provide115.2 (3.0 g, 75.6%). MS(ES): m/z 282 [M+H]+.

Synthesis of compound 115.3. To a mixture of 115.2 (1.5 g, 5.3 mmol, 1.0eq) in DCM (15 mL) was added Benzylidene-bis(tricyclohexylphosphino)-dichlororuthenium (0.43 g, 0.53 mmol, 0.1 eq).Reaction mixture stirred at room temperature for 18 h. Upon completionof the reaction; reaction mixture was poured into water, and thenextracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude material. The crude was purified by column chromatography tofurnish 115.3 (0.2 g, 14.8%). MS(ES): m/z 254 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 115.4. To a solution of OsO₄ (catalytic) (2% inwater) (0.01 eq) in water (1.0 mL) was added N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide(0.092 g, 0.79 mmol, 1.0 eq) at 0° C. then 115.3 (0.2 g, 0.79 mmol, 1eq) in acetone (1.0 ml) was added dropwise at 0° C. and stirred at roomtemperature for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture wastransferred into water, and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude which was purified bycolumn chromatography to furnish 115.4 (0.13 g, 57.5%). MS (ES): m/z 288[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 115.5. To a solution of 115.5 (0.12 g, 0.41 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (5.0 mL), 20% Pd(OH)₂ (0.15 g) and 1N HCl (catalyticamount) were added into reaction. Reaction mixture was stirred under 40psi of H₂ gas for 24 h. Upon completion of reaction, mixture wasfiltered through celite-bed and washed with methanol, concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude material. The crude was purified bycolumn chromatography to furnish 115.5. (0.020 g, 24.4%). MS(ES): m/z198 [M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of compound 115.6. Compound 115.6 was prepared as described inExample 64.

Synthesis of compound I-115. Compound I-115 was prepared from compound115.6 as described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 449 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76-9.75 (d, 1H), 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H),7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.24 (d, 1H), 4.67-4.66 (d, 1H),4.48 (s, 2H), 4.43-4.42 (d, 1H), 3.69-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.51 (m, 2H),3.31-3.34 (m, 2H), 1.89-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.64 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.33 (m,1H),

Example 116 Synthesis of1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyrrolidine-3-carbonitrile,I-116

Synthesis of compound 116.2. To a solution of 116.1 (1 g, 0.83 mmol, 1.0eq), Et₃N (0.169 g, 1.67 mmol, 2.0 eq) in DCM (5 mL), MsCl (0.144 g,1.25 mmol, 1.5 eq) were added at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 2 hr. Upon completion, the reaction was quenchedwith water and extracted with EtOAc, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder reduced pressure to obtain crude material. The crude was purifiedby column chromatography to furnish 116.2. (0.35 g, 88.4%). MS(ES): m/z471 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 116.3. To a solution of 116.2 (0.35 g, 0.74 mmol,1.0 eq), in acetonitrile (5.0 ml) was added tetrabutylammonium cyanide(0.399 g, 1.48 mmol, 2.0 eq) at 0° C. Reaction was stirred at 65° C. for16 hr, Upon completion of the reaction; reaction mixture was transferredinto water and extracted with EtOAc, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 116.3 (0.16 g, 53.3%). MS(ES): m/z 405 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 116.4. The compound 116.3 (0.15 g, 0.094 mmol, 1.0eq) was dissolved in DCM (1.0 mL) and TFA (0.5 mL) was added to thereaction mixture. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 h.Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was transferred in water andproduct was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washedwith NaHCO₃, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressureto obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to provide116.5 (0.04 g, 66.7%). MS(ES): m/z 163 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 116.5. Compound was prepared from 116.4 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-116. Compound was prepared from 116.5 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 414 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(CDCl₃, 400 MHz): 9.79 (d, 1H), 8.36 (d, 1H), 7.69 (d, 1H), 7.60-7.54(m, 1H), 7.52-7.47 (m, 1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 5.96 (d, 1H), 4.60 (s, 2H),3.85-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.21 (m,1H), 2.74-2.34 (m, 2H).

Example 117 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-(((1r,4r)-4-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)oxy)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-117

Synthesis of compound 117.2. To a solution of 117.1 (5.0 g, 33.1 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (50 mL) and water (15 ml) was added Sodium carbonate (7.6g, 72.8 mmol, 2.2 eq) at 0° C. and reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 h. Benzyl Chloroformate (6.1 g, 36.4 mmol, 2.3 eq) wasadded dropwise at 0° C., stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, reaction mixture was transferred into ice.Resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate and concentratedunder reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 1.1 (5.0 g, 60.7%). MS(ES): m/z 250 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 117.3. To a mixture of 117.2 (0.5 g, 2.0 mmol, 1.0eq) in THF (2.5 mL) was added tert-butyl3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxylate (0.505 g, 2.5 mmol, 0.1 eq)and PPh (0.655 g, 2.5 mmol, 0.1 eq) Reaction mixture stirred at roomtemperature for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixturewas transferred into water, extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine solution, dried over sodium sulphate andconcentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude that waspurified by column chromatography to provide 117.3 (0.25 g, 30.01%).MS(ES): m/z 416 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 117.4. To a solution of 117.3 (0.250 g, 0.60 mmol,1.0 eq) in Methanol (10 mL) was added 10% palladium on charcoal (0.07g). Reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen at 40 psi for 2 h.Formaldehyde (0.108 g, 36.1 mmol, 6.0 eq) was added and reaction mixturestirred at room temperature for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction,reaction mixture was filtered through celite, concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude that was purified by column chromatography toprovide 117.4. (0.184 g, 95.12%). MS(ES): m/z 310[M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of compound 117.5. To a solution of 117.4 (0.184 g, 0.59 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (3 mL) was added TFA (0.9 ml). Reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 2 h. Upon completion of the reaction,mixture was poured into water, basified with saturated bicarbonatesolution and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography toyield 117.5 (0.1 g, 80.64%). MS(ES): m/z 210 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 117.6. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-117. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64. (0.050 g, 47.16%). MS(ES): m/z 461 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.66 (d, 1H), 9.18 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H),7.93-7.90 (d, 1H), 7.84-7.74 (m, 2H), 6.24 (d, 1H), 4.57-4.52 (m, 3H),3.17-3.16 (m, 1H), 2.23 (s, 6H), 2.18 (s, 1H), 1.86-1.83 (m, 2H),1.44-1.35 (m, 5H).

Example 118 Synthesis of(S)-2-(4-(3-(3-amino-3-(trifluoromethyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-118

Synthesis of compound 118.1 and 118.2. Compounds were prepared by chiralpurification of 88.91

Synthesis of compound 118.3. Compound was prepared from 4.1 and 118.2using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-118. Compound was prepared from 118.3 using theprocedure described in Example 64 (0.015 g, 70.6%). MS(ES): m/z 486.18[M+H]⁻; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75-9.74 (d, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.16(s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.76 (m, 2H), 6.41 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s,2H), 3.84 (d, 1H), 3.64-3.61 (m, 1H), 3.06-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.79 (m,1H), 1.97-1.91 (m, 3H), 1.70-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.57 (m, 1H).

Example 119 Synthesis of(R)-2-(4-(3-(3-amino-3-(trifluoromethyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-119

Compound I-119 was prepared from 118.1 and 4.1 using the procedurereferred to in Example I-118. MS(ES): m/z 486.18 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75-9.74 (d, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H),7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.76 (m, 2H), 6.41 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.84(d, 1H), 3.64-3.61 (m, 1H), 3.06-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.79 (m, 1H),1.97-1.91 (m, 3H), 1.70-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.57 (m, 1H).

Example 120 Synthesis ofN-(1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)methanesulfonamide,I-120

Synthesis of compound 120.1. To a solution of 116.1 (1.0 g, 4.11 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (20 mL) was added triethylamine (1.44 ml, 10.3 mmol, 2.5eq) at 0° C. under nitrogen, and mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 1 h. Reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and MsCl (0.66 ml, 8.50mmol, 2.0 eq) was added dropwise, stirred at room temperature for 3 h.Upon completion of reaction, reaction mixture was transferred into ice.Resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine solution, dried over sodium sulphate andconcentrated under reduced pressure to get 120.1 (1.2 g, 90.90%).MS(ES): m/z 322 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 120.2. To a solution of 120.1 (1.2 g, 3.73 mmol,1.0 eq) in DMF (20 mL) was added sodium azide (0.970 g, 14.9 mmol, 4 eq)at 0° C. under nitrogen. Reaction mixture stirred at 100° C. for 12 h.Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was transferred intoice. Resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine solution, dried over sodium sulphate andconcentrated under reduced pressure. Crude was purified by columnchromatography to get pure 120.2 (1.0 g, 98.02%). MS(ES): m/z 269[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 120.3. To a mixture of 120.2 (1 g, 3.73 mmol, 1.0eq) in THF (50 mL) and water (8 ml) was added PPh₃ (1.91 g, 7.29 mmol,2.0 eq) at 0° C. Reaction was mixture stirred at 70° C. for 7 h. Uponcompletion of reaction; reaction mixture was transferred into water,extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with sodiumbicarbonate solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 120.3 (0.8 g, 88.88%). MS(ES): m/z 243 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 120.4. To a solution of 120.3 (0.8 g, 3.30 mmol, 1eq) in DCM (10 mL) was added Et₃N (1.2 ml, 8.36 mmol, 2.53 eq) at 0° C.and stirred at room temperature for 1 h followed by addition of MsCl(0.54 ml, 6.84 mmol, 2.0 eq) at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 18 h. Upon completion of the reaction; reactionmixture was transferred into water, extracted with EtOAc. Organic layerswere combined, washed with brine solution, dried over sodium sulphateand concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtain crudematerial. The crude was purified by column chromatography to furnish120.4 (1.0 g, 94.33%). MS(ES): m/z 321 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 120.5. To a solution of 120.4 (0.350 g, 1.09 mmol,1.0 eq) in methanol (5 ml) 20% palladium hydroxide on charcoal (0.270 g)and 1N HCl (catalytic amount) were added into reaction. Reaction mixturewas stirred under hydrogen at 30 psi for 15 h. Upon completion of thereaction, reaction mixture was filtered through celite-bed and washedwith methanol. Filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to get 120.5.(0.280 g, 72%). MS(ES): m/z 231 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 120.6. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-120. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64. (0.02 g, 30.3%). MS(ES): m/z 482 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90(m, 1H), 7.83-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, 1H), 6.17 (d, 1H), 4.49 (d, 2H),4.05-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.62 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.44 (m, 1H), 3.37-3.35 (m,1H), 3.24-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 2.24-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.99-1.92 (m,1H).

Example 121 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(6-hydroxy-1,4-oxazepan-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-121

Synthesis of compound 121.1. To a solution of 1.1 (5.0 g, 28.8 mmol, 1.0eq) in DMF (50.0 mL) was added NaH (1.73 g, 43.3 mmol, 1 eq) at 0° C.Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 h, then cooled to 0° C.and Ethyl bromoacetate (7.2 g, 43.2 mmol, 1.5 eq) was added dropwiseMixture was stirred at room temperature for 7 h. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was transferred into ice/water and extracted withEtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which waspurified by column chromatography to provide 121.1 (4.0 g, 52.77%).MS(ES): m/z 260 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 121.2. To a solution of 121.1 (4.0 g, 15.43 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (40 mL), was added LiAlH₄ (1.75 g, 46.3 mmol, 3 eq)dropwise at −78° C. under nitrogen. Reaction was then stirred at roomtemperature for 1 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture wastransferred into ice, then extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure. Crude was purified by column chromatography to provide121.2 (3.2 g, 89.0%). MS(ES): m/z 218 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 121.3. To a solution of 121.2 (1.5 g, 0.69 mmol,1.0 eq) in Isopropyl alcohol (15.0 mL) and water (1.5 ml),Epichlorohydrin (0.958 g, 10.35 mmol, 1.5 eq) was added at 0° C. andreaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, mixture was transferred into 35% Et₄NOHsolution. Resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layerswere combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder reduced pressure. Crude was purified by column chromatography toprovide 121.3 (0.5 g, 26.6%). MS(ES): m/z 274 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 121.4. To a solution of 121.3 (0.5 g, 1.82 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (5.0 mL), were added 20% Pd(OH)₂ (0.1 g) and 1N HCl(catalytic amount). Reaction mixture was stirred (under hydrogen) at 30psi for 15 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture wasfiltered, concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which waspurified by column chromatography to furnish 121.4. (0.26 g, 77.6%).MS(ES): m/z 184 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 121.5. Compound was prepared from 121.4 using theprocedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-121. Compound was prepared from 121.5 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 435 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76 (d, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.17 (d, 1H), 7.92.7.90(m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.31 (d, 1H), 4.96 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H),3.96-3.88 (m, 2H), 3.77-3.69 (m, 3H), 3.65-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.45 (m,2H), 3.28-3.21 (m, 1H).

Example 122 Synthesis of1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)piperidine-3-carboxamide,I-122

Synthesis of compound 122.1. Compound 91.2 (0.07 g, 0.012 mmol, 1.0 eq)was dissolved in DMF (1.0 mL) and HATU (0.09 g, 0.022 mmol, 1.2 eq) wasadded at 0° C. followed by NH₄Cl (0.009 g, 0.15 mmol, 1.2 eq) and DIPEA(0.033 g, 0.25 mmol, 2 eq). The reaction was stirred at room temperaturefor 16 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture wastransferred into water and then extracted with EtOAc. Organic layerswere combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder reduced to pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 122.1 (0.07 g, 90.0%). MS(ES): m/z 546 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-122. Compound I-122 was prepared from compound122.1 using the procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 446[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 9.71-9.70 (d, 1H), 8.30-8.29 (d, 1H),7.80-7.78 (m, 1H), 7.74-7.64 (m, 2H), 6.27-6.26 (d, 1H), 4.62-4.56 (m,2H), 4.04-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.88-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.05-2.99 (m, 1H), 2.93-2.83(m, 1H), 2.61-2.58 (m, 1H), 1.99-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.76 (m, 1H),1.72-1.62 (m, 2H).

Example 123 Synthesis ofN-(1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)piperidin-3-yl)acetamide,I-123

Synthesis of compound 123.1. To a solution of 62.1 (2 g, 7.8 mmol, 1.0eq) in MeOH (10.0 mL) was added NH₄OAc (6.0 g, 78.0 mmol, 10 eq) andNaCNBH₃ (1.0 g, 15 mmol, 2.0 eq) at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature for 16 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixturewas transferred into water and extracted with DCM, combined organiclayers were washed brine dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtained crude. The crude was purified by columnchromatography to provide 123.1 (0.25 g, 12.45%). MS(ES): m/z 257.35[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 123.2. To a solution of 123.1 (0.25 g, 0.889 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (10 ml) was added Et₃N (0.17 g, 1.77 mmol, 2 eq) and AcCl(0.84 g, 1.08 mmol, 1.2 eq) at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 1 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture wastransferred into water and extracted with DCM, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to provide 123.2 (0.13 g, 48.6%). MS(ES): m/z299.32 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 123.3. To a solution of 123.2 (0.13 g, 0.435 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (5.0 mL), 20% Pd(OH)₂ (0.06 g) and 1 N HCl (catalytic)were added. Reaction mixture was stirred under 40 psi of hydrogen gas 24h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was filtered.Solvent were removed under reduced pressure to obtain crude which waspurified by column chromatography to obtain 123.3. (0.075 g, 82.6%).MS(ES): m/z 209.21 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 123.4. Compound was prepared from 123.3 and 4.1using the procedure described in example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-123. Compound was prepared from 123.4 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 419.3 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75-9.74 (d, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H),7.92-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.35 (d, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H),3.76-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.60 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.75-2.67 (m,1H), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.74 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.54 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.35 (m,1H).

Example 124 Synthesis of 2-(4-(5,6-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-2(4H)-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-124

Compound I-124 was prepared from 4.1 and tert-butyl2,6-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-5 (4H)-carboxylate using the proceduredescribed in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 461 [M+H]⁺, LCMS purity: 100%, HPLCpurity: 99.14%, ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79 (s, 1H), 9.57 (s, 1H),9.30 (s, 1H), 8.29 (d, 1H), 7.94-7.92 (m, 1H), 7.84-7.78 (m, 2H), 4.57(d, 2H), 4.46-4.42 (m, 4H).

Example 125 Synthesis of(R)-1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)piperidine-3-carboxamide,I-125

Compound I-125 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-122.MS(ES): m/z 446 [M+H]⁺; 1H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 9.76-9.75 (d, 1H), 9.11(s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.81 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.36 (s,1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.40-6.39 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.89-3.80 (m, 2H),2.86-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.32 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.68 (m,1H), 1.53-1.48 (m, 2H).

Example 126 Synthesis of(S)-1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)piperidine-3-carboxamide,I-126

Compound I-126 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-122.MS(ES): m/z 446 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 9.76-9.75 (d, 1H), 9.11(s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.89 (m, 1H), 7.82-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.36 (s,1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.40-6.39 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.88-3.80 (m, 2H),2.86-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.32 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.68 (m,1H), 1.53-1.48 (m, 2H).

Example 127 Synthesis of(R)-1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyrrolidine-3-carbonitrile,I-127

Compound I-127 was prepared by chiral purification of I-116. MS(ES): m/z414 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 9.79 (d, 1H), 9.13 (s, 1H), 8.19 (d,1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.23 (d, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H),3.85-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.21 (m,1H), 2.74-2.34 (m, 2H).

Example 128 Synthesis of(S)-1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyrrolidine-3-carbonitrile,I-128

Compound I-128 was prepared by chiral purification of I-116. MS(ES): m/z414 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 9.79 (d, 1H), 9.13 (s, 1H), 8.19 (d,1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.23 (d, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H),3.85-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.21 (m,1H), 2.74-2.34 (m, 2H).

Example 129 Synthesis of(R)-N-(1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)piperidin-3-yl)acetamide,I-129

Synthesis of compounds 129.1. and 129.2. Compound 129.1 and 129.2 wereprepared by chiral purification of compound 123.3.

Synthesis of compound 129.3. Compound was prepared from 129.1 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-129. Compound was prepared from 129.3 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 460.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75-9.74 (d, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H),7.92-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.35 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H),3.76-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.60 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.67 (m,1H), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.74 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.54 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.35 (m,1H).

Example 130 Synthesis of(S)-N-(1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)piperidin-3-yl)acetamide,I-130

Compound I-130 was prepared from 129.2 and 4.1 using the proceduresreferred in Example 129. MS(ES): m/z 460.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400MHz): 9.75-9.74 (d, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.87 (m, 2H),7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.35 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.76-3.74 (m, 1H),3.70-3.60 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.67 (m, 1H), 1.80 (s, 3H),1.75-1.74 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.54 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.35 (m, 1H).

Example 131 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(6-hydroxy-1,4-oxazepan-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-131

Compound I-131 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-121.MS(ES): m/z 435 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76 (d, 1H), 9.10(s, 1H), 8.15 (d, 1H), 7.92.7.90 (m, 1H), 7.81-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.31 (d,1H), 4.96 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.96-3.88 (m, 2H), 3.77-3.69 (m, 3H),3.65-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.28-3.21 (m, 1H).

Example 132 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(6-hydroxy-1,4-oxazepan-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-132

Compound I-132 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-121.MS(ES): m/z 435 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76 (d, 1H), 9.10(s, 1H), 8.15 (d, 1H), 7.92.7.90 (m, 1H), 7.81-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.31 (d,1H), 4.96 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.96-3.88 (m, 2H), 3.77-3.69 (m, 3H),3.65-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.28-3.21 (m, 1H).

Example 133 Synthesis of1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-methylpiperidine-3-carbonitrile,I-133

Synthesis of compound 133.2. To a solution of 133.1 (0.82 g, 2.0 mmol,1.0 eq) and Et₃N (0.406 g, 4.02 mmol, 2 eq) in DCM (15.0 ml), MsCl wasadded at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4hr. Upon completion of the reaction; reaction mixture was transferredinto water and extracted with EtOAc, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 133.2 (0.790 g, 81.4%). MS(ES): m/z 488[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 133.3. A mixture of 133.2 (0.79 g, 1.62 mmol, 1.0eq) and tetrabutylammonium cyanide (0.872 g, 3.24 mmol, 2.0 eq) in CH₃CN(3.0 mL) was stirred at 65° C. for 14 h. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was transferred into water solution, then extractedwith EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to get pure 133.3(0.47 g, 69.3%). MS(ES): m/z 419 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 133.4. To a solution of 133.3 (0.2 g, 0.478 mmol,1 eq) in THF (2.0 ml), LHMDS (1.2 ml, 1.2 mmol, 2.5 eq) was added at−78° C. MeI (0.82 g, 0.57 mmol, 1.2 eq) was added dropwise at 0° C.Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 h. Uponcompletion of reaction, mixture was transferred into water, thenextracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brinesolution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure topressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography toprovide 133.4 (0.12 g, 60.0%). MS(ES): m/z 433 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 133.5. To a solution of 133.54 (0.12 g, 0.27 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (1 mL), TFA (0.1 ml) was added. Reaction mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for 2 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, mixturewas transferred into water and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine solution and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to get 133.5. (0.01 g, 20.0%). MS(ES): m/z 191 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 133.6. Compound 133.6 was prepared from compound133.5 and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-133. Compound I-133 was prepared from compound133.6 using the procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 442[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.73-9.72 (d, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H),8.23-8.21 (d, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.28-6.26 (m,1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.80-3.77 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.62 (m, 1H), 3.54-3.44 (m,1H), 2.18-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.27-1.17 (m, 3H).

Example 134 Synthesis of(R)-N-(1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)methanesulfonamide,I-134

Compound was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-120. MS(ES):m/z 482 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H),8.17 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.43 (d, 1H), 6.17(d, 1H), 4.49 (d, 2H), 4.05-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.62 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.44(m, 1H), 3.37-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.24-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 2.24-2.18(m, 1H), 1.99-1.92 (m, 1H).

Example 135 Synthesis of(S)-N-(1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)methanesulfonamide,I-135

Compound was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-120. MS(ES):m/z 482 [M+H]⁺: ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.78 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H),8.16 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.81-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.43 (d, 1H), 6.17(d, 1H), 4.48 (d, 2H), 4.05-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.62 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.44(m, 1H), 3.37-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.24-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 2.24-2.18(m, 1H), 1.99-1.92 (m, 1H).

Example 136 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-((3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-136

Compound I-136 was prepared by chiral separation of compound I-105.MS(ES): m/z 435.33 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76 (s, 1H), 9.10(s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.347-6.34(d, 1H), 4.63-4.62 (d, 1H), 4.53-4.52 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.74-3.73(m, 1H), 3.58 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.21 (m, 4H), 1.76-1.73 (m, 1H), 1.62 (m,1H).

Example 137 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-((3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-137

Compound I-137 was prepared by chiral purification of I-105. MS(ES): m/z435.38 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76-9.75 (d, 1H), 8.16 (s,1H), 7.91-7.89 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.33 (m, 2H), 4.65-4.64 (d, 1H), 40.55-4.54(d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 4.36-4.35 (d, 1H), 3.79-3.73 (m, 2H), 3.59 (m,1H), 3.31-3.16 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.59 (m, 1H).

Example 138 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(3-(3-oxomorpholino)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-138

Synthesis of compound 138.2. To a solution of 138.1 (0.5 g, 1.76 mmol,1.0 eq) in DMSO (5.0 ml) was added Morpholin-3-one (0.266 g, 2.63 mmol,1.5 eq), CuI (0.033 g, 0.17 mmol, 0.1 eq), K₂CO₃ (0.6 g, 4.40 mmol, 2.5eq) and trans-N,N′-Dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (0.012 g, 0.81 mmol,0.05 eq) at room temperature. Reaction mixture was stirred at 110° C.for 18 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was poured intowater and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to furnish 138.2 (0.55 g, 74.1%). MS(ES): m/z 258 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 138.3. To a solution of 138.2 (0.5 g, 1.94 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (5.0 mL) were added 20% Pd(OH)₂/C (0.75 g) and 1.0 N HCl(catalytic amount). Reaction mixture was stirred (under hydrogen) at 40psi for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture wasfiltered then concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude whichwas purified by column chromatography to provide 138.2. (0.15 g,46.29%). MS(ES): m/z 168 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 138.4. Compound was prepared from 138.3 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-138. Compound was prepared from 138.4 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 419 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76 (s, 1H), 9.29 (s, 1H), 8.29 (s, 1H), 7.94-7.92(m, 1H), 7.85-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.14 (t, 1H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 4.28 (s, 2H),4.03-3.99 (m, 4H).

Example 139 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(3-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrileI-139

Synthesis of compound 139.2. To a solution of 139.1 (0.5 g, 1.75 mmol,1.0 eq) in dioxane (5 ml) was added pyrrolidin-2-one (0.178 g, 2.09mmol, 1.2 eq), CuI (0.016 g, 0.08 mmol, 0.05 eq), K₂CO₃ (0.723 g, 5.20mmol, 4.4 eq) and trans-N,N′-Dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (0.007 g,0.08 mmol, 0.05 eq) at room temperature and reaction mixture was stirredat 110° C. for 24 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixturewas transferred into water and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to provide 139.2 (0.250 g, 59.38%). MS(ES): m/z242 [M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of compound 139.3. To a solution of 139.2 (0.250 g, 1.03 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (5 mL). 20% palladium hydroxide on charcoal (0.75 g) and1N HCl (catalytic amount) were added into reaction. Reaction mixture wasstirred under hydrogen at 40 psi for 3 h. Upon completion of thereaction, reaction mixture was filtered. Filtrate was concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 139.2 (0.090 g, 57.69%). MS(ES): m/z 152[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 139.4. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-139. Compound was from 139.4 prepared using theprocedure described in Example 64. (0.035 g, 35.35%). MS(ES): m/z 403[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHZ): 9.78 (s, 1H), 9.25 (s, 1H), 8.26 (s,1H), 7.94-7.92 (m, 1H), 7.85-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.10 (d, 1H), 4.54 (d, 2H),4.05-3.90 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.13-2.08 (m, 2H).

Example 140 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(3-(3-oxo-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-140

Synthesis of compound 140.1. To a solution of 1.1 (5.0 g, 28.9 mmol, 1.0eq) and ZnCl₂ (0.393 g, 2.8 mmol, 0.1 eq) in water (10.0 mL) was addedacrylonitrile (2.29 g, 43.3 mmol, 1.5 eq) at 0° C. The reaction wasstirred at 110° C. for 18 h. Upon completion of reaction; reactionmixture was poured into water, then extracted with EtOAc. Organic layerswere combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder reduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude material. The crudewas purified by column chromatography to furnish 140.1 (1.6 g, 24.4%).MS(ES): m/z 228 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 140.2. To a solution of 140.1 (1.6 g, 7.04 mmol,1.0 eq) in acetone (12 mL). NaI (0.211 g, 1.40 mmol, 0.2 eq) and K₂CO₃(1.9 g, 13.7 mmol, 2.0 eq) were added into at 0° C. Ethyl bromoacetate(1.7 g, 10.57 mmol, 1.5 eq) was added slowly at 0° C., The reaction wasstirred at 56° C. for 15 h Upon completion of the reaction, reactionmixture was transferred into water, then extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude whichwas purified by column chromatography to furnish 140.2 (1.0 g, 45.7%).MS(ES): m/z 313 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 140.3. To a solution of 140.2. (1.0 g, 3.20 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (12.0 mL), PtO₂ (0.4 g) was added. Reaction mixture wasstirred under hydrogen at 40 psi for 15 h. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was filtered. Filtrate was concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography toprovide 140.3. (0.45 g, 52.02%). MS(ES): m/z 271 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 140.4. To a solution of 140.3. (0.4 g, 1.48 mmol,1.0 eq) in Methanol (3.0 mL) was added 20% Pd(OH)₂ on charcoal (0.6 g)and 1N HCl (catalytic amount). Reaction mixture was stirred underhydrogen at 30 psi for 15 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reactionmixture was filtered. Filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressureto obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to provide140.4. (0.1 g, 37.6%). MS(ES): m/z 181 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 140.5. Compound was prepared from 140.4 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-140. Compound was prepared from 140.5 using theprocedure described in Example 64 (0.03 g, 37.0%). MS(ES): m/z 432[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.72 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.14 (d,1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.82-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.45 (t, 3H), 6.14 (s, 1H),6.25 (d, 1H), 4.49 (d, 2H), 4.04 (d, 2H), 3.68 (t, 2H), 3.19 (d, 2H),1.72 (d, 2H).

Example 141 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(3-(5-oxo-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-141

Synthesis of compound 141.1. Solution of 59.1 (1.0 g, 3.9 mmol, 1.0 eq.)was added drop wise in to a stirring solution of Hydroxylaminehydrochloride (0.272 g, 3.9 mmol, 1.0 eq.) and Sodium bicarbonate (0.990g, 10.7 mmol, 2.75 eq.) in EtOH (10 mL) at 0° C. The reaction mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Upon completion of reaction,mixture was transferred into water and product was extracted with EtOAc.Organic layers were combined, washed with brine solution, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which waspurified by column chromatography to provide 141.1 (0.6 g, 25.27%).MS(ES): m/z 271.19 [M+H]⁺,

Synthesis of compound 141.2. To a solution 141.1 (0.5 g, 1.85 mmol, 1.0eq.) in acetone (15 mL) was added Na₂CO₃ (0.589 g, 5.55 mmol, 1.0 eq.)and p-TsCl (0.530 g, 2.77 mmol, 1.5 eq.) at room temperature. Thereaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Uponcompletion of reaction, mixture was transferred into water and productwas extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed withbrine solution, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude material. The crude was purified bycolumn chromatography to provide 141.2 (0.220 g, 44.12%). MS(ES): m/z271.19 [M+H]⁺

Synthesis of compound 141.3. To a solution of 141.2 (0.22 g, 0.85 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (5 mL) was added palladium hydroxide (0.05 g), dil. HCl(catalyst) in 20 mL autoclave. The hydrogen was purged to 50 psi. Themixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Upon completion ofreaction was filtered and concentrated to provide 141.3 (0.12 g, 78.2%).LCMS(ES): m/z 153.3 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 141.4. Compound was synthesized using theprocedure in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-141. Compound was synthesized using theprocedure in Example 64. (0.04 g, 61.60%). MS(ES): m/z 440 [M+H]⁻; ¹HNMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.77-9.76 (d, 1H), 9.15 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H),7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.64 (t, 1H), 6.38 (d, 1H), 4.49(s, 2H), 3.58-3.52 (m, 4H), 3.21-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.49 (m, 2H).

Example 142 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl-2,2,5,5-d4)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrileI-142

Synthesis of compound 142.2. To a solution of 142.1 (1.0 g, 6.16 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (5.0 mL) was added Lithium Aluminum Deuteride (0.906 g,21.5 mmol, 3.5 eq) at 0° C. and the reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 15 h. Upon completion of reaction, reaction mixture wastransferred into water, and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude which was purified bycolumn chromatography to provide 142.2 (0.617 g, 90.9%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃,400 MHZ): 3.50 (t, 1H), 1.60 (d, 2H).

Synthesis of compound 142.3. To a solution of 142.2. (0.610 g, 5.53mmol, 1.0 eq) in DCM (15.0 mL) was added PPh₃ (2.88 g, 11.0 mmol, 2.0eq) 0° C. followed by NBS (1.97 g, 11.0 mmol, 2.0 eq). The reaction wasstirred at room temperature for 15 h. Upon completion of reaction,reaction mixture was transferred into water, and extracted with EtOAc.Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude whichwas purified by column chromatography to furnish 142.3 (0.35 g, 26.9%).¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHZ): 3.90 (t, 1H), 1.90 (d, 2H).

Synthesis of compound 142.4. To a solution of 142.3 (0.125 g, 0.52 mmol,1.0 eq) in DMA (3.0 mL) was added 1.1 (0.91 g, 0.52 mmol, 1.0 eq) andDIPEA (0.170 g, 1.32 mmol, 2.5 eq). Reaction mixture was stirred at 110°C. for 3 h in Microwave. Upon completion of the reaction; reactionmixture was transferred into water, then extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude whichwas purified by column chromatography to furnish 142.4 (0.065 g, 66.3%).MS(ES): m/z 248 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 142.5. To a solution of 142.4 (0.065 g, 0.26 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (2 mL) was added 20% Pd(OH)₂ (0.030 g) and 1N HCl(catalytic amount). Reaction mixture was stirred (under hydrogen) at 50psi for 15 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture wasfiltered through celite bed and washed with methanol. Filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to furnish 142.5 (0.035 g, 85.36%). MS(ES): m/z158 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 142.6. Compound was prepared from 142.5 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-142. MS(ES): m/z 409 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆,400 MHZ): 9.79 (d, 1H), 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.17 (d, 1H), 7.92-7.89 (m, 1H),7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.14 (s, 1H), 4.92 (d, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 4.36-4.33(m, 1H), 2.07-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.81 (m, 1H).

Example 143 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-143

Synthesis of compound 143.1. To a solution of 109.3 (1.0 g, 3.8 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (10 mL) was added NaH (0.15 g, 3.8 mmol, 1 eq) at 0° C.and reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Reactionmixture was cooled to 0° C. and MeI (0.43 g, 3.0 mmol, 0.8 eq) was addeddropwise, stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was poured into ice. Resulting mixture was extractedwith EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine solution,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude waspurified by column chromatography to furnish 109.3 (0.25 g, 95.0%).MS(ES): m/z 274 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 143.2. To a solution of 109.3 (0.25 g, 0.91 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (10.0 mL), 20% Pd(OH)₂ on charcoal (0.2 g) and 1N HCl(catalytic) were added. Reaction mixture was stirred (under hydrogen) at40 psi for 15 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was filteredthrough celite-bed, washed with MeOH and concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude. The crude was further purified by columnchromatography to provide 143.2. (0.06 g, 92.0%). MS(ES): m/z 184[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 143.4. Compound 143.4 was prepared using theprocedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-143. Compound I-143 was prepared from compound143.4 using the procedure in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 435 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.70 (d, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, 1H), 7.64-7.74(m, 2H), 6.06 (s, 1H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 4.40-4.44 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.99 (m,1H), 3.61-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.48 (m, 5H).

Example 144 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-((3S,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-144

Synthesis of compound 144.2. To a solution of 144.1 (1 g, 10.18 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (10.0 ml) was added m-chloroperbenzoic acid (3.51 g,20.36 mmol, 2.0 eq) at 0° C. portionwise. Reaction mixture stirred atroom temperature for 15 h. Upon completion of the reaction; reactionmixture was transferred into water and extracted with DCM, washed with5.0 N NaOH, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude 144.2 (1.1 g, 82.5%). MS(ES): m/z 129.2 [M+H]⁺. Crudematerial was used for next step without purification.

Synthesis of compound 144.3. To a solution of 144.2 (1.0 g, 7.8 mmol,1.0 eq) in EtOH (10.0 mL) was added 1.1 (0.69 g, 3.9 mmol, 0.5 eq).Reaction was stirred at 50° C. for 5 h. Upon completion of the reactionsolvents were removed under reduced pressure to furnish crude that waspurified by reverse phase chromatography to yield 144.3. (0.13 g,5.53%). MS(ES): m/z 302.5 [M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of compounds 144.4 and 144.5. To a solution of 144.3 (0.13 g,0.43 mmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (2.0 mL), were added Pd(OH)₂/C (0.05 g) and1N HCl (catalytic amount). Reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogenpressure at 40 psi for 12 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixturewas filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crudematerial. This is further purified by column chromatography to provide144.4 (0.020 g), MS (ES): m/z 212.4 [M+H]⁺, and 144.5 (0.035 g), MS(ES): m/z 212.3[M+H]⁺

Synthesis of compound 144.6. Compound was prepared from compounds 144.4and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-144. Compound was prepared from compound 144.6using the procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 463.43 [M+H]⁺;¹H NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 9.73-9.72 (d, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 7.81-7.80 (m,1H), 7.73-7.67 (m, 2H), 6.12-6.11 (d, 1H), 4.63 (s, 1H), 4.56 (s, 2H),4.42 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.18-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.15 (m, 1H),2.09-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.47 (s, 3H), 1.21 (s, 3H).

Example 145 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-((3S,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-145

Compound I-145 was prepared from compounds 144.5 and 4.1 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 463.38 [M+H]⁻; ¹H NMR(MeOD, 400 MHz): 9.72-9.71 (d, 1H), 8.23-8.22 (d, 1H), 7.81-7.79 (m,1H), 7.73-7.64 (m, 3H), 6.10-6.09 (d, 1H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 4.18-4.15 (m,1H), 3.55-3.49 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.31 (m, 2H), 1.57 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 3H).

Example 146 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(3-(6-oxo-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrileI-146

Synthesis of compound 146.1. To a solution of 116.3 (1.3 g, 5.10 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (24 mL) was added 4.0 M HCl in dioxane (13 ml) at 0° C.under nitrogen, and mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h.Upon completion of reaction, mixture was transferred into ice. Resultingmixture was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washedwith brine solution, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated underreduced pressure to get 146.1 (1.0 g, 68.02%). MS(ES): m/z 286 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 146.2. To a solution of 146.1 (1.0 g, 3.50 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (7 mL) was added LDA (2M) (2.8 ml, 4.80 mmol, 1.6 eq) at−78° C. under nitrogen. Reaction mixture stirred at −78° C. for 1 h.Bromoacetonitrile (0.5 g, 4.20 mmol, 1.2 eq) was added at −78° C. andreaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, reaction mixture was transferred into ice.Resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate and concentratedunder reduced pressure. The crude was purified by column chromatographyto get pure 146.2 (0.7 g, 61.94%). MS(ES): m/z 325 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 146.3. To a mixture of 146.2 (0.7 g, 2.16 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (15 mL) was added PtO₂ (0.245 g, 1.08 mmol, 0.5 eq) at0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen for 72 h. Uponcompletion of reaction, reaction mixture was filtered through celite-bedand washed with methanol. Filtrate was concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography toprovide 146.3 (0.4 g, 62.5%). MS(ES): m/z 297 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 146.4. To a solution of 146.3 (0.4 g, 1.35 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (5 ml) 20% palladium hydroxide on charcoal (0.340 g) and1N HCl (catalytic amount) was added into reaction. Reaction mixture wasstirred (under hydrogen) at 30 psi for 12 h. Upon completion of thereaction, reaction mixture was filtered through celite-bed and washedwith methanol. Filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude material. The crude was purified by column chromatographyto provide 146.4. (0.280 g, 71.94%). MS(ES): m/z 207 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 146.5. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-146. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64 (0.08 g, 76.9%). MS(ES): m/z 458 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90(m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 3H), 6.17 (d, 1H), 4.49 (d, 2H), 3.56-3.49 (m,1H), 3.45-3.35 (m, 4H), 3.30-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.86(m, 1H).

Example 147 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-147

Synthesis of compound 147.1. To a solution of 62.1 (0.7 g, 2.7 mmol, 1.0eq) in DCM (10 ml) was added N-methyl piperazine (0.3 g, 3.0 mmol, 1.1eq), HOAc (0.016 g, 0.027 mmol, 0.1 eq). Mixture was stirred for 15 minfollowed by the addition of NaBH(OAC)₃ (1.1 g, 5.4 mmol, 2.0 eq)Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, reaction mixture was transferred intoaqueous NaHCO₂ solution and extracted with DCM, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to provide 147.1. (0.2 g, 21.5%). MS(ES): m/z340.5 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 147.2. To a solution of 147.1 (0.2 g, 0.589 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (10.0 mL), 20% Pd(OH)₂/C (0.1 g) and 1N HCl (catalytic)was added. Reaction mixture was stirred (under hydrogen) at 40 psi for24 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was filteredthrough celite and washed with methanol. Solution was concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude material. This is further purified bycolumn chromatography to provide 147.2. (0.08 g, 54.5%). MS(ES): m/z250.4 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 147.3. Compound 147.3 was prepared from compounds147.2 and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-147. Compound I-147 was prepared from compound147.3 using the procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 501.48[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.74-9.73 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.11(s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.77-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.36 (m, 1H), 6.39(d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.91-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.75 (m, 1H), 2.76-2.67(m, 2H), 2.57 (bs, 4H), 2.40 (bs, 4H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.90-1.88 (m, 1H),1.72-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.49 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.25 (m, 1H).

Example 148 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-148

Synthesis of compound 148.1. To a solution of 138.1 (0.5 g, 1.75 mmol,1.0 eq) in Dioxane (5.0 ml) was added (S)-3-Hydroxypyrrolidine (0.266 g,2.63 mmol, 1.5 eq), CuI (0.016 g, 0.08 mmol, 0.05 eq), K₂CO₃ (0.728 g,5.27 mmol, 3.0 eq) and trans-N,N′-Dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (0.012g, 0.81 mmol, 0.05 eq) at room temperature and reaction mixture wasstirred at 110° C. for 24 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixturewas poured into water and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to provide 148.1 (0.34 g, 75.55%). MS(ES): m/z258 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 148.2. Compound was prepared from compound 148.1using the procedure described in Example 138.

Synthesis of compound 148.3. Compound was prepared from compounds 148.2and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-148. Compound was prepared from 148.3 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 419 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76 (d, 1H), 8.37 (s, 1H), 7.81-7.79 (m, 1H),7.73-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 4.60 (s, 2H), 4.53-4.47 (m, 2H),4.13-4.08 (m, 2H), 3.84-3.78 (m, 1H),

Example 149 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-morpholinopiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-149

Synthesis of compound 149.1. To a solution of 62.1 (2.0 g, 7.8 mmol, 1.0eq) in DCM (20.0 ml) was added morpholine (0.74 g, 8.6 mmol, 1.1 eq),HOAc (0.04 g, 0.078 mmol, 0.1 eq) and stirred for 15 min followed byaddition of NaBH(OAc)₃ (3.3 g, 15.6 mmol, 2.0 eq) Reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 16 h. Upon completion of reaction,mixture was transferred into aq. NaHCO₃ solution and extracted with DCM,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to furnish 149.1. (0.9g, 35.2%). MS(ES): m/z 327.5 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 149.2. To a solution of 149.1 (0.9 g, 2.76 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (10 mL), 20% Pd(OH)₂/C (0.2 g) and 1N HCl (catalytic)were added. Reaction mixture was stirred (under hydrogen) at 40 psi for24 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to get 149.2. (0.5 g, 76.74%). MS(ES): m/z237.35 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 149.3. Compound was prepared from compounds 149.2and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-149. Compounds was prepared from compound 149.3using the procedure in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 488.53 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.74-9.73 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.91(m, 1H), 7.82-7.72 (m, 2H), 6.39 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.93-3.90 (m,1H), 3.77-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.55 (s, 4H), 2.74-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.57 (bs, 4H),2.36-2.32 (m, 1H), 1.92-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.34 (m, 3H).

Example 150 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-150

Synthesis of compound 150.1. To a solution of 150.1 (25.0 g, 132 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (250 ml) was added 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (20g, 138 mmol, 1.05 eq) and CDI (25.6 g, 0158 mmol, 1.2 eq) at 0° C.Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 72 h. Uponcompletion of reaction, mixture was transferred into aqueous 5% KHSO₄and extracted with DCM. Combined organic layers were washed with aq.NaHCO₃. Aqueous layer was acidified with citric acid and extracted withDCM, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude 150.1. (15.0 g, 53.24%). MS(ES): m/z 214.20 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 150.2. To a solution of 150.1 (15 g, 132.6 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (150 ml) was added HOAc (6.8 g, 113.5 mmol, 8.6 eq) andNaBH₄ (0.35 g, 0.94 mmol, 0.07 eq) at 0° C. for 18 hrs. Upon completionof the reaction, mixture was transferred into water and extracted withDCM, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude 1.2. (7.5 g, 26.20%). MS(ES): m/z 216.5 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 150.3. To a solution of 150.2 (7.5 g, 132.6 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (150.0 ml) was added 4N HCl solution in Dioxane (10 mL)at 0° C. and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Upon completion ofreaction, mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to furnish 150.3 (2.2g, 54.84%). MS(ES): m/z 116.5 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 150.4. To a solution of1-benzyl-3-bromo-1H-pyrazole (2.7 g, 0.84 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 1,4 Dioxane(20 ml) was added 150.3 (1.97 g, 11.39 mmol, 1.5 eq), CuI (0.216 g,1.139 mmol, 0.1 eq), K₂CO₃ (3.14 g, 22.78 mmol, 2.0 eq) andtrans-N,N′-Dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (0.197 g, 1.139 mmol, 0.1 eq)reaction mixture was stirred at 140° C. for 18 h. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was transferred into water and product was extractedwith EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which waspurified by column chromatography to provide 150.4 (0.36 g, 11.6%).MS(ES): m/z 272.32 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 150.5. To a solution of 150.4 (0.36 g, 1.32, 1.0eq) in THF (5.0 ml) was added Borane dimethyl sulfide (0.5 g, 6.64, 5eq) at 0° C. and stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Upon completion ofthe reaction, MeOH was added and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to provide150.5. (0.30 g, 87.3%). MS(ES): m/z 258.3 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 150.6. To a solution of 150.5 (0.3 g, 1.16 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (10 ml) were added benzoic acid (0.17 g, 1.4 mmol, 1.2eq), PPh₃ (0.073 g, 1.4 mmol, 1.2 eq), and DEAD (0.22 g, 1.28 mmol, 1.1eq) at room temperature. Reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 18 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture wastransferred into water and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column to provide 150.6 (0.21 g, 49.1%). MS(ES): m/z 362.12 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 150.7. To a solution of 150.6 (0.21 g, 0.58 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH:H₂O (8:2) (5 ml) was added LiOH (0.03 g, 0.69 mmol, 1.2eq) at room temperature and reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 2h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was concentratedunder reduced pressure, water was added and product was extracted withEtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine solution, driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crudewhich was purified by column chromatography to provide 150.7 (0.14 g,93.1%). MS(ES): m/z 258.32 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 150.8. To a solution of 150.7 (0.14 g, 0.54 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (10 mL), 20% Pd(OH)₂/C (0.06 g) and 1.0 N HCl(catalytic) was added. Reaction mixture was stirred (under H₂) at 40 psifor 24 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was filtered throughcelite, washed with MeOH and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to provide150.8. (0.065 g, 71.5%). MS(ES): m/z 168.21 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 150.9. Compound was prepared from compounds 150.8and 4.1 using the procedure described in example 60.4. (0.08 g, 46.0%).MS(ES): m/z 519.5 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-150. Compound was prepared from 150.9 usingprocedure described in Example 64. (MS(ES): m/z 419.3 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75-9.74 (d, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.91(m, 1H), 7.82-7.72 (m, 2H), 6.14 (d, 1H), 4.92 (d, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H),3.93-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.64-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.06 (m,1H), 1.81-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.34 (d, 3H).

Example 151 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-isopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-151

Compound I-151 was prepared from 4.1 and 3-isopropyl-1H-pyrazole usingthe procedures described in Example 64. (0.025 g, 54.3%). MS(ES): m/z362[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.63 (d, 1H), 9.21 (s, 1H), 8.28(s, 1H), 7.98-7.96 (m, 1H), 7.84-7.74 (m, 2H), 5.27 (s, 1H), 4.54 (m,2H), 3.05-2.98 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.16 (m, 6H).

Example 152 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(3-(3-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-152

Compound I-91 (0.04 g, 0.089 mmol, 1.0 eq) was dissolved in DMF (1.5 mL)and HATU (0.041 g, 0.10 mmol, 1.2 eq) was added at 0° C. followed bypyrrolidine (0.008 g, 0.10 mmol, 1.2 eq) and DIPEA (0.023 g, 0.17 mmol,2 eq). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. Uponcompletion, reaction mixture was transferred into water solution,extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to provideI-152 (0.025 g, 56.8%). MS(ES): m/z 500 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400MHz): 9.79-9.78 (d, 1H), 9.13 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.93-7.90 (m, 1H),7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.42-6.41 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.97-3.94 (m, 1H),3.86-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.24 (d,2H), 2.88-2.82 (t, 2H), 2.72-2.67 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.70(m, 3H), 1.67-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.56-1.46 (m, 2H).

Example 153 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-153

Compound I-153 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-143.MS(ES): m/z 434 [M+H]⁻; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.70 (d, 1H), 8.27(s, 1H), 7.77 (d, 1H), 7.63-7.74 (m, 2H), 6.07 (s, 1H), 4.53 (s, 2H),4.40-4.44 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.98 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.48 (m,5H).

Example 154 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-154

Compound I-154 was prepared by chiral separation of compound I-143.MS(ES): m/z 434 [M+H]⁻; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.70 (d, 1H), 8.27(s, 1H), 7.77 (d, 1H), 7.63-7.74 (m, 2H), 6.07 (s, 1H), 4.53 (s, 2H),4.40-4.44 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.98 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.48 (m,5H).

Example 155 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-155

Synthesis of compounds 155.1 and 155.2. Compounds 155.1 and 155.2 wereprepared by chiral purification of compound 147.2

Synthesis of compound 155.3. Compound 155.3 was prepared from compounds155.1 and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-155. Compound I-155 was prepared from compound155.3 using the procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 501.65[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.74-9.73 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.11(s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.77-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.36 (m, 1H), 6.39(d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.91-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.75 (m, 1H), 2.76-2.67(m, 2H), 2.57 (bs, 4H), 2.40 (bs, 4H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.90-1.88 (m, 1H),1.72-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.49 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.25 (m, 1H).

Example 156 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-156

Synthesis of compound 156.1. Compound 156.1 was prepared from compounds155.2 and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-156. Compound I-156 was prepared from compound156.1 using the procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 501.65[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.74-9.73 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.11(s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.77-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.36 (m, 1H), 6.39(d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.91-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.75 (m, 1H), 2.76-2.67(m, 2H), 2.57 (bs, 4H), 2.40 (bs, 4H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.90-1.88 (m, 1H),1.72-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.49 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.25 (m, 1H).

Example 157 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-morpholinopiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-157

Compound I-157 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-149.MS(ES): m/z 488.33 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 9.74-9.73 (d, 1H),9.11 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.91 (m, 1H), 7.82-7.72 (m, 2H), 6.39 (d,1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.93-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.77-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.55 (s, 4H),2.74-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.57 (bs, 4H), 2.36-2.32 (m, 1H), 1.92-1.82 (m, 1H),1.52-1.34 (m, 3H).

Example 158 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-morpholinopiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-158

Compound I-158 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-149.MS(ES): m/z 488.38 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 9.74-9.73 (d, 1H),9.11 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.91 (m, 1H), 7.82-7.72 (m, 2H), 6.39 (d,1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.93-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.77-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.55 (s, 4H),2.74-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.57 (bs, 4H), 2.36-2.32 (m, 1H), 1.92-1.82 (m, 1H),1.52-1.34 (m, 3H).

Example 159 Synthesis of1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-N-ethylpiperidine-3-carboxamide,I-159

Synthesis of compound 159.1. Compound 159.1 was prepared from ethylamineand compound 91.2 using the procedure described in Example 152.

Synthesis of compound I-159. Compound I-159 was prepared from compound159.1 using the procedure described in Example 64. MS (ES): m/z 474[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 9.75-9.74 (d, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.92-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.82-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.40-6.39 (d, 1H), 4.49(s, 2H), 3.85-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.09-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.82 (m, 1H),2.78-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.33 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.71-1.69 (m,1H), 1.55-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.01-1.00 (m, 3H).

Example 160 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(4-fluoro-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-160

Synthesis of compound 160.1. To a solution of KOH (2.5 g, 44.6 mmol, 2.4eq) in MeOH (50 mL) was added 56.1 (2.6 g, 18.0 mmol, 1.0 eq) followedby I₂ (5.0 g, 19.0 mmol, 1.1 eq) at 0° C. Reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 4 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixturewas concentrated under reduced pressure. Residue was triturated withtoluene, filtered and washed with toluene. Filtrate was concentratedunder reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 160.1 (12 g, 50.0%). MS(ES): m/z 318 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 160.2. To a solution of 160.1 (12 g, 37.8 mmol,1.0 eq) in DMF (120 mL) was added NaH (1.36 g, 56.7 mmol, 1.5 eq) at 0°C. under nitrogen, and mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h.Reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and BnBr (7.11 g, 41.5 mmol, 1.1eq) was added dropwise. Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was transferredinto ice, then extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined,washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure. The crude was purified by column chromatography to provide160.2 (12.3 g, 79.87%). MS(ES): m/z 408 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 160.3. To a mixture of 160.2 (12.3 g, 2.28 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (25 mL) was added 4M HCl in dioxane (36 ml) at 0° C.Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction; reaction mixture was transferred into water,then extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed withNaHCO₃ solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to pressure to obtain crude material. This was further purifiedby column chromatography and the compound was eluted in 20% ethylacetate in hexane to get pure 160.3 (4.5 g, 31.7%). MS(ES): m/z 362[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 160.4. To a solution of 160.3 (3.2 g, 8.85 mmol, 1eq) in DCM (30 mL) was added Morpholinosulfur Trifluoride (4.65 g, 26.5mmol, 3.0 eq) at −78° C. Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3hours. Upon completion of the reaction; reaction mixture was transferredinto water, then extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined,washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude which was purified bycolumn chromatography to provide 160.4 (0.18 g, 5.3%). MS(ES): m/z 384[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 160.5. To a solution of 160.4 (0.150 g, 0.39 mmol,1.0 eq) in EtOAc (5 mL) and water (0.5 ml) were added 20% Pd(OH)₂ (0.03g) and 1N HCl (catalytic amount). Reaction mixture was stirred (underhydrogen) at 30 psi for 15 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixturewas filtered through celite-bed and washed with methanol. Filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to provide 160.5. (0.06 g, 83.33%). MS(ES): m/z198 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 160.6. Compound was prepared from 160.5 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64

Synthesis of compound I-160. Compound was prepared from 160.5 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 437 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90(m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.19 (d, 1H), 4.49 (d, 2H), 3.72-3.62 (m,2H), 3.58-3.43 (m, 4H), 2.19-2.11 (m 2H).

Example 161 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3aR,6aS)-2-methyltetrahydro-5H-[1,3]dioxolo-[4,5-c]pyrrol-5-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-161

Synthesis of compound 161.1. To a solution of 109.3 (0.3 g, 1.15 mmol,1.0 eq) in 1,2-Dichloroethane (8 mL) was added dimethyl acetal (0.5 g,57.9 mmol, 1.0 eq) and p-Toluenesulphonic acid (0.002 g, 0.01 mmol, 1.0eq). Suspension was stirred at 90° C. for 1 h in Microwave. Uponcompletion of the reaction; mixture was transferred into water,extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to furnish 161.1(0.085 g, 25.75%). MS(ES): m/z 286 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 161.2. To a solution of 161.1 (0.080 g, 0.28 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (5.0 mL) were added 20% Pd(OH)₂/C (0.1 g) and 1N HCl(catalytic). Reaction mixture was stirred (under hydrogen) at 40 psi for3 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was filteredthrough celite-bed and washed with methanol, concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude material. The crude was purified by columnchromatography to provide 161.2 (0.065 g, 82.0%). MS(ES): m/z 196[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 161.3. Compound 161.3 was prepared from compound161.2 and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound 161.4. Compound 161.4 was prepared from 161.3using the procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 447 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.70 (s, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.64-7.80 (m, 3H),6.16 (s, 1H), 4.91 (s, 2H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 4.56 (s, 1H), 3.75 (d, 2H),3.18 (m, 2H), 1.36 (d, 3H).

Example 162 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-((3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-162

Compound I-162 was prepared by chiral purification of I-108. MS(ES): m/z449 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75 (d, 1H), 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.15(s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.34 (d, 1H), 4.73 (d,1H), 4.50 (d, 3H), 3.50-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.41-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.08 (m,1H), 2.91 (d, 1H), 1.92-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.42 (m, 1H), 1.08 (s, 3H).

Example 163 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-(hydroxymethyl)morpholino)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-163

Synthesis of compounds 163.1 and 163.2. Compounds 163.1 and 163.2 wereprepared by chiral purification of compound 90.8.

Synthesis of compound 163.3. Compound was prepared from 163.1 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-163. Compound was prepared from 163.3 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 428.15 [M+H]⁻; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.78 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.89(dd, 1H), 7.83-7.74 (m, 2H), 6.31 (d 1H), 4.78 (t, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H),4.01-3.98 (d, 1H), 3.86-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.76-3.7 (m, 1H), 3.6-3.53 (m,3H), 3.49-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.17-3.13 (m, 1H).

Example 164 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-(hydroxymethyl)morpholino)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-164

Compound I-164 was prepared from 163.2 and 4.1 using the proceduresreferred to in Example 163. MS(ES): m/z 428.15 [M+H]⁻; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆,400 MHz): 9.78 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.9-7.89 (dd, 1H),7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.31 (d, 1H), 4.78 (t, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 4-3.99 (d,1H), 3.86-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.76-3.7 (m, 1H), 3.6-3.53 (m, 3H), 3.49-3.43(m, 2H), 3.17-3.13 (m, 1H).

Example 165 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(3-(6-oxo-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-165

Compound was prepared by chiral purification of I-165. MS(ES): m/z 458[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): 9.73 (S, 1H), 8.35 (d, 1H), 7.67 (d,1H), 7.58-7.53 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.46 (m, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 5.96 (d, 1H),5.81 (s, 1H), 4.61 (d, 2H), 3.71-3.61 (m, 2H), 3.57-3.50 (m, 1H),2.43-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.27 (m,3H).

Example 166 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(3-(6-oxo-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-166

Compound was prepared by chiral purification of I-165. MS(ES): m/z 458[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): 9.73 (s, 1H), 8.35 (d, 1H), 7.67 (d,1H), 7.58-7.53 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.46 (m, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 5.96 (d, 1H),5.81 (s, 1H), 4.61 (d, 2H), 3.71-3.61 (m, 2H), 3.57-3.50 (m, 1H),2.43-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.16 (m 2H), 1.97-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.27 (m,3H).

Example 167 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(3-(3-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-167

Compound I-167 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-152.MS(ES): m/z 500 [M+H]⁻; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79-9.78 (d, 1H),9.12 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.93-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (M, 2H),6.41-6.40 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.97-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.85-3.83 (m, 1H),3.58-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.47-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.23 (d, 2H), 2.88-2.82 (t,2H), 2.71-2.67 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.67-1.60(m, 2H), 1.56-1.46 (m, 2H).

Example 168 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(3-(3-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-168

Compound I-168 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-152.MS(ES): m/z 500 [M+H]⁻; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79-9.78 (d, 1H),9.13 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.93-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (M, 2H),6.42-6.41 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.97-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.86-3.83 (m, 1H),3.59-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.23 (d, 2H), 2.88-2.82 (t,2H), 2.72-2.66 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.67-1.60(m, 2H), 1.56-1.46 (m, 2H).

Example 169 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((4aR,7aS)-hexahydro-6H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-c]pyrrol-6-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-169

Synthesis of compound 169.1. To a solution of 109.3 (0.7 g, 2.70 mmol,1.0 eq) in 1,2-Dichloroethane (14.0 mL) was added TBAB (0.174 g, 0.54mmol, 1.0 eq) and 35% NaOH (14 ml) stirred at 90° C. for 1 hour inMicrowave. Upon completion of the reaction; mixture was transferred intowater, extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed withbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure topressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography tofurnish 169.1 (0.125 g, 16.23%). MS(ES): m/z 286 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 169.2. Compound 169.2 was prepared from 169.1using the procedure described in Example 161.

Synthesis of compound 169.3. Compound 169.3 was prepared from compound169.2 and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-169. Compound I-169 was prepared from compound169.3 using the procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 447[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.78 (s, 1H), 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s,1H), 7.69-7.90 (m, 3H), 6.16 (s, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 4.25 (s, 2H),3.56-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.46-3.56 (m, 6H).

Example 170 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-(methyl-d3)pyrrolidin-1-yl-2,2,5,5-d4)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-170

Synthesis of compound 170.2. To a suspension of LAD (1.8 g, 43 mmol, 3.5eq) in THF (20 mL) was added solution of 170.1 (2 g, 13.3 mmol, 1 eq) inTHF (3 mL) at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18h. Upon completion, reaction was quenched with _(D2O) and 10% sulphuricacid, extracted with EtOAc, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to get crude. Crude was purified bycolumn chromatography to provide 170.2. (1.45 g, 95.7%). MS(ES): m/z111.09 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 170.3. To a solution of 170.2 (1.44 g, 13.3 mmol,1 eq) in DCM (3.0 mL) was added PPh₃ (6.97 g, 5.99 mmol, 2.0 eq)followed by NBS (1.06 g, 5.99 mmol, 2.0 eq). Reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 15 h. Upon completion of the reaction,reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude whichwas purified by column chromatography to provide 170.3 (0.6 g, 20.0%).MS(ES): m/z 236 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 170.4. To a solution of 170.3 (0.6 g, 2.4 mmol,1.0 eq) and 1.12 (0.4 g, 2.4 mmol, 2.0 eq) in DMA (5.0 ml), DIPEA (0.799g, 1.98 mmol, 2.5 eq) was added. Reaction mixture was stirred at 90° C.for 1 h in Microwave. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture wastransferred into water and extracted with EtOAc, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to yield 170.4 (0.4 g, 63.53%). MS(ES): m/z 248[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 170.5. To a solution of 170.4 (0.4 g, 0.9 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (5 ml) was added Et₃N (0.578 g, 5.4 mmol, 6.0 eq) andDMSO (0.7 g, 9 mmol, 10.0 eq) at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at0° C. for 10 min. To this reaction mixture Sulfur trioxide pyridinecomplex (0.438 g, 2.7 mmol, 3.0 eq) was added portionwise at 0° C.Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction; reaction mixture was quenched by saturatedNH₄Cl solution and extracted with DCM. Combined organic layers werewashed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude that was purified by column chromatography tofurnish 170.5. (0.09 g, 50.6%). MS(ES): m/z 246.15 [M+H]⁺

Synthesis of compound 170.6. To a stirred suspension of Mg turnings(0.039 g, 1.61 mmol, 3.6 eq) in Et₂O (2.0 mL) was added I₂ (catalytic)and stirred for 10 min. Reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. anddeuterated iodomethane (0.195 g, 1.34 mmol, 3.0 eq) was added slowly.Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 h. Thissuspension was added to a solution of 170.5 (0.11 g, 0.044 mmol, 1.0 eq)in THF (2.0 mL) at −78° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 16 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixturewas transferred in satd. NH₄Cl and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layerswere combined, washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to provide 170.6 (0.039 g, 32.9%). MS(ES): m/z267.4 [M+H]⁺

Synthesis of compound 170.7. To a solution of 170.7 (0.039 g, 0.146mmol, 1.0 eq) in methanol (3.0 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.02 g), 1N HCl(catalytic). Reaction was stirred at room temperature under hydrogenpressure for 16 h. Upon completion, reaction was filtered. Filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 170.7 (0.016 g, 62.0%).LCMS(ES): m/z 177.3 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 170.8. Compound was prepared from 170.7 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-170. Compound was prepared from 170.8 using theprocedure described in Example 64 (0.013 g, 53.48%). MS(ES): m/z 426[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 9.79-9.78 (d, 1H), 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.16(s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.81-7.74 (m, 2H), 6.12 (d, 1H), 4.77 (s,1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 1.88-1.81 (m, 2H).

Example 171 Synthesis of(S)-1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-N-ethylpiperidine-3-carboxamide,I-171

Compound I-171 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-159.MS(ES): m/z 474 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 9.75-9.74 (d, 1H), 9.12(s, 1H), 8.17 (d, 1H), 7.92-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.82-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.40-6.39(d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.85-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.09-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.82(m, 1H), 2.78-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.33 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.80 (m, 1H),1.71-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.01-1.00 (m, 3H).

Example 172 Synthesis of(R)-1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-N-ethylpiperidine-3-carboxamide,I-172

Compound I-171 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-159.MS(ES): m/z 474 [M+H]⁺; 1H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 9.75-9.74 (d, 1H), 9.12(s, 1H), 8.17 (d, 1H), 7.92-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.82-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.40-6.39(d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.85-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.09-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.82(m, 1H), 2.78-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.33 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.80 (m, 1H),1.71-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.01-0.98 (m, 3H).

Example 173 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3S,4R)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-173

Compound I-173 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-160.MS(ES): m/z 437 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79 (d, 1H), 9.11(s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.89 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.19 (d,1H), 4.49 (d, 2H), 3.72-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.58-3.43 (m, 4H), 2.18-2.11 (m,2H).

Example 174 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3R,4S)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-174

Compound I-174 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-160.MS(ES): m/z 437 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79 (d, 1H), 9.11(s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.89 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.19 (d,1H), 4.49 (d, 2H), 3.72-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.58-3.43 (m, 4H), 2.17-2.10 (m,2H).

Example 175 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(5-oxo-4-(3-(3-oxopiperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-175

Synthesis of compound 175.1. To a solution of 1.1 (10.0 g, 57.73 mmol,1.0 eq) in DMF (100 mL) was added NaH (3.46 g, 86.6 mmol, 1.5 eq) at 0°C. Mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, then cooled to 0°C. and ethyl bromoacetate (14.46 g, 86.59 mmol, 1.5 eq) was addeddropwise, stirred at room temperature for 7 hours. Upon completion ofthe reaction, mixture was transferred into ice. Resulting mixture wasextracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude waspurified by column chromatography to provide 175.1 (4.0 g, 26.7%).MS(ES): m/z 260 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 175.2. A solution of 175.2 (4.0 g, 15.4 mmol, 1.0eq) in MeOH (40.0 mL), was purged with NH₃ gas for 48 h. Upon completionof the reaction, mixture concentrated under reduced pressure andtriturated with ether to get 175.2 (3.0 g, 84.55%). MS (ES): m/z 231[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 175.3. To a solution of 175.2 (3.0 g, 13.04 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (60 mL), LiAlH₄ (39 ml, 40.43 mmol, 3.1 eq) was added at0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at 70-80° C. for 3 h. Upon completionof the reaction, mixture was transferred into ice-water solution.Resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure. Resulting crude was purified by column chromatographyto provide pure 175.3 (1.5 g, 53.4%). MS(ES): m/z 218 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 175.4. To a solution of 175.3 (1.5 g, 6.91 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (40 mL) was added Et₃N (2.09 g, 20.69 mmol, 3 eq) at 0°C. Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Reactionmixture was then cooled to 0° C. and Chloroacetyl chloride (1.17 g, 10.3mmol, 1.5 eq) was added dropwise, stirred at room temperature for 2 h.Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was transferred into ice.Resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to provide crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 175.4 (0.5 g, 25%). MS(ES): m/z 294 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 175.5. To a solution of 175.4 (0.39 g, 1.33 mmol,1.0 eq) in acetone (30 mL), KI (0.228 g, 1.37 mmol, 1.03 eq) and NaHCO₃(0.458 g, 5.50 mmol, 4.1 eq) were added. Reaction mixture was stirred at60° C. for 48 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture wastransferred into ice-water solution. Resulting mixture was extractedwith EtOAc Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. Resulting crude waspurified by column chromatography to provide 175.5 (0.17 g, 50%).MS(ES): m/z 257 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 175.6. To a solution of 175.5 (0.15 g, 0.58 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (5 mL). 20% Pd(OH)₂ (0.225 g) and 1 N HCl (catalyticamount) were added Reaction mixture was stirred (under hydrogen) at 50psi for 15 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was filteredthrough celite-bed and washed with MeOH, concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography tofurnish 175.6. (0.09 g, 92.8%). MS(ES): m/z 168 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 175.7. Compound was prepared from 175.6 and 4.1using the procedure in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-175. Compound was prepared from 175.7 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 419 [M+H]⁺; 1H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.78 (d, 1H), 9.15 (s, 1H), 8.22 (d, 1H), 8.04 (s,1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.44 (d, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H),3.87 (s, 2H), 3.57-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.29 (m, 2H).

Example 176 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-((3S,4R)-3,4-dimethoxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-176

Synthesis of compound 176.2. To a solution of 176.1 (6.0 g, 17.9 mmol,1.0 eq) in DBU (30 mL) was added at 0° C. under nitrogen, and mixturewas stirred at 80° C. for 16 hours. Upon completion of the reaction,reaction mixture was transferred into ice. Resulting mixture wasextracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brinesolution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toget 176.2 (3.3 g, 77.1%). MS(ES): m/z 240 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 176.3. To a solution of Osmium tetroxide (2.6 ml,0.1 mmol, 0.01 eq) (2% in water) (0.01 eq) in water (31.0 mL) was addedN-Methylmorpholine N-oxide (1.7 g, 14.6 mmol, 1.0 eq) at 0° C. then176.2 (3.5 g, 14.6 mmol, 2.3 eq) in acetone (31 ml) was added dropwiseat 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, reaction mixture was transferred into water,extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine,dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure topressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography toprovide 176.3. (1.6 g, 40%). MS(ES): m/z 274 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 176.4. To a mixture of 176.3 (0.6 g, 2.19 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (5.0 mL) was added sodium NaH (0.105 g, 2.6 mmol, 1.2 eq)at 0° C. Methyl iodide was added (0.5 g, 3.2 mmol, 1.5 eq) at 0° C.Reaction mixture was stirred under nitrogen for 12 h. Upon completion ofthe reaction, reaction mixture was transferred into ice, the extractedwith EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried oversodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to provide176.4 (0.120 g, 18.18%). MS(ES): m/z 302 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 176.5. To a solution of 176.4 (0.110 g, 0.36 mmol,1.0 eq) in methanol (5 ml) 20% Pd(OH)₂ on charcoal (0.1 g) and 1N HCl(catalytic amount) were added into reaction. Reaction mixture wasstirred under hydrogen at 50 psi for 12 h. Upon completion of thereaction, reaction mixture was filtered. Filtrate was concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 176.5. (0.040 g, 57.14%). MS(ES): m/z 212[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 176.6. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-176. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64. (0.025 g, 60.97%). MS(ES): m/z 463 [M+H]⁻; ¹HNMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.72 (d, H), 8.30 (d, 1H), 7.81-7.78 (m, 1H),7.74-7.64 (m, 3H), 6.26 (d, 1H), 4.56 (d, 2H), 3.69-3.62 (m, 2H),3.61-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.54-3.49 (m, 2H), 3.45 (s, 6H), 1.70-1.80 (m, H).

Example 177 Synthesis ofN-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)acetamide,I-177

Synthesis of compound 177.1. A mixture of 1.1 (0.3 g, 1.73 mmol, 1.0 eq)and acetic anhydride (0.5 mL, 1.73 mmol, 1.0 eq) was stirred at 25° C.for 0.5 h. Upon completion of the reaction; reaction mixture wastransferred into water, and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 177.1 (0.34 g, 91.9%). MS(ES): m/z 216 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 177.2. To a solution of 177.1. (0.16 g, 0.74 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (5 mL) were added 20% Pd(OH)₂ on charcoal (0.25 g) and1N HCl (catalytic amount). Reaction mixture was stirred (under hydrogen)at 40 psi for 16 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixturewas filtered through celite-bed and washed with methanol. Filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to furnish 177.2. (0.04 g, 44.4%). MS(ES): m/z126 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 177.3. Compound 177.3 was prepared from 177.2 and4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-177. Compound was prepared from 177.3 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 377 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 10.31 (s, 1H), 9.85 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s,1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.81-7.76 (m, 2H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 2.03 (s, 3H).

Example 178 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-((3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxyazepan-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-178

Synthesis of compounds 171.1 and 178.2. Compounds 171.1 and 178.2 wereprepared by chiral separation of compound 115.4.

Synthesis of compound 178.3. Compound 178.3 was prepared from compounds178.1 and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-178. Compound I-178 was prepared from compound178.3 using the procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 449[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): 9.73-9.74 (d, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.66(d, 1H), 7.56-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.47-7.53 (m, 1H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 6.03 (d,1H), 4.60 (s, 2H), 4.07 (s, 1H), 3.80-3.89 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.50 (m, 4H),3.28 (d, 1H), 2.45 (d, 1H), 2.05-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.64 (m, 1H),1.38-1.33 (m, 1H).

Example 179 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-((3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxyazepan-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-179

Compound I-179 was synthesized using the procedure described in Example64. MS(ES): m/z 449 [M+H]⁻; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76-9.75 (d,1H), 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H),6.24 (d, 1H), 4.67-4.66 (d, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 4.43-4.42 (d, 1H),3.69-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.31-3.34 (m, 2H), 1.89-1.80 (m,2H), 1.65-1.64 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.33 (m, 1H).

Example 180 Synthesis of2-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo-[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine-6-carboxamide,I-180

Synthesis of compound 180.2. To a solution of 180.1 (0.06 g, 0.0168mmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (5 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.07 g), dil. HCl (0.1mL) in 20.0 mL autoclave. The hydrogen was purged to 50 psi. Reactionwas stirred at room temperature overnight. Upon completion of thereaction solids were filtered off. The mother liquor was evaporated toobtain crude 180.2 (0.035 g, 78.1%), which was used for next stepwithout purification. LCMS(ES): m/z 267.14 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 180.3. Compound 180.3 was prepared from compounds180.2 and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64,

Synthesis of compound I-180. Compound I-180 was prepared from compound180.3 using the procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 418.14[M+H]⁺; NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 9.18 (s, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.8-7.71 (s,1H), 7.7-7.66 (m, 3H), 5.5 (m, 4H), 4.94 (s, 2H), 3.69-3.58 (m, 1H),3.02-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.86 (m, 1H).

Example 181 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3S,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrileI-181

Synthesis of compound 181.2. To a solution of 181 (0.080 g, 0.27 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (10 ml) 20% Pd(OH)₂ on charcoal (0.080 g) and 1N HCl(catalytic amount) was added into reaction. Reaction mixture was stirredunder hydrogen at 50 psi for 12 h. Upon completion of the reaction,reaction mixture was filtered. Filtrate was concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography toprovide 182.2. (0.040 g, 74.07%). MS(ES): m/z 198 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 181.3. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-181. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64. (0.012 g, 54.5%). MS(ES): m/z 449 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHZ): 9.73 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, 1H), 7.92(d, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.39 (d, 1H), 4.61 (d, 1H), 4.49 (d, 2H),3.90 (d, 1H), 3.40-3.25 (m, 8H), 1.75-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.57 (m, 1H).

Example 182 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-((3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-182

Compound I-182 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-108.MS(ES): m/z 449 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75 (d, 1H), 9.10(s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.34 (d,1H), 4.73 (d, 1H), 4.50 (d, 3H), 3.50-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.41-3.39 (m, 1H),3.13-3.08 (m, 1H), 2.91 (d, 1H), 1.92-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.42 (m, 1H),1.08 (s, 3H).

Example 183 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-(methyl-d3)pyrrolidin-1-yl-2,2,5,5-d4)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-183

Compound I-183 was prepared by purification of compound I-170. MS(ES):m/z 426.48 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 9.79-9.78 (d, 1H), 9.10 (s,1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.81-7.74 (m, 2H), 6.12 (d, 1H),4.77 (s, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 1.88-1.81 (m, 2H).

Example 184 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-(methyl-d3)pyrrolidin-1-yl-2,2,5,5-d4)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-184

Compound I-183 was prepared by purification of compound I-170. MS(ES):m/z 426.48 [M+H]+; 1H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 9.79-9.78 (d, 1H), 9.10 (s,1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.81-7.74 (m, 2H), 6.12 (d, 1H),4.77 (s, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 1.88-1.81 (m, 2H).

Example 185 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(4-fluoro-3-(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-185

Synthesis of compound 185.1. To a solution of 1.1 (4.0 g, 23.12 mmole)in dioxane (50 mL) was added N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide (7.86 g, 24.25mmole). The resulting mixture was heated to 110° C. for 2 h. Uponcompletion, the reaction was cooled to room temperature and poured in towater. The product was extracted with EtOAc, washed with brine solution,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to furnish 185.1 (0.3g, 6.0%). MS(ES): m/z 192.09 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 185.2. To a solution of 185.1 (0.3 g, 1.57 mmole)in DMA (5.0 mL) was added 1,4-dibromobutan-2-ol (0.473 g, 2.03 mmole),and DIPEA (1.02 g, 7.85 mmole). The resulting mixture was irradiatedunder microwave at 100° C. for 80 min. Upon completion of the reactionwas cooled to room temperature and poured into water. The product wasextracted with EtOAc and combined washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which waspurified by column chromatography to furnish 1.2 (0.15 g, 76.3%).MS(ES): m/z 262.13 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 185.3. To a solution of 185.2 (0.15 g, 0.574 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (3 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.075 g), dil. HCl (0.05 mL)in a 20 mL autoclave. Hydrogen gas was purged to 50 psi. Reaction wasstirred at room temperature overnight. Upon completion of the reactionsolids were filtered off. Mother liquor was evaporated to obtain crudewhich was purified by preparative HPLC to afford 185.3 (0.055 g,55.97%). LCMS(ES): m/z 172.05 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 185.4. Compound 185.4 was prepared from compounds185.3 and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-185. Compound I-185 was prepared from compound185.3 using the procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 423.13[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 10.02-10.01 (d, 1H), 9.16 (s, 1H),8.13 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.89 (dd, 1H), 7.82-7.73 (m, 2H), 4.49 (m, 2H),4.37-4.35 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.49 (m, 4H), 3.37-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.94 (m,1H), 1.86-1.83 (m, 1H).

Example 186 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylpiperidin-1-yl-2,2,4,4,5,5,6,6-d8)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-186

Synthesis of compound 186.2. To a solution of 16.1 (2.3 g, 25.2 mmol,1.0 eq.) in Methanol-d4 (10 mL) was added Br₂ (1.3 mL, 25.2 mmol, 2.0eq.), and stirred at 0° C. for 2 h. After 2 h D₂O (5.0 mL) was added andthe resulting mixture stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, reaction mixture was transferred in D₂O andproduct was extracted with Et₂O. Organic layers were combined, washedwith brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude 186.2 which was used as such for next step. 1.1 (2.3 g,54.20%). MS(ES): m/z 172.19 [M+H]⁺,

Synthesis of compound 186.3. A solution 186.2 (2.3 g, 13.5 mmol, 1.0eq.) in Deuterium bromide solution in deuterium oxide (15 mL) was heatedat 60° C. for 5 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was pouredinto D₂O and product was extracted with Et₂O. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude 186.3 which was used as such for nextstep. (0.37 g, 10.86%). MS(ES): m/z 252.19 [M+H]⁺,

Synthesis of compound 186.4. To a solution of 186.3 (0.37 g, 0.14 mmol,1.0 eq.) in DMA (5 mL) was added 1.1 (0.25 g, 0.14 mmol, 1.0 eq.) andDIPEA (0.6 ml, 3.5 mmol, 2.5 eq). The reaction mixture was heated to120° C. for 4 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture wastransferred into D₂O and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to furnish 186.4 (0.1 g, 25.3%). MS(ES): m/z264.19 [M+H]⁺,

Synthesis of compound 186.5. To a solution of 186.4 (0.1 g, 0.38 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (3 mL) was added 1M MeMgBr solution in THF (0.3 mL, 1.1mmol, 3.0 eq) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 16 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixturewas transferred into D₂O and product was extracted with DCM. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude material 186.5. (0.1g, 94.0%). MS(ES): m/z 280.21 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 186.6. To a solution of 186.5 (0.1 g, 0.35 mmol,1.0 eq) in methanol-d4 (3.0 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.025 g), dil. HCl(catalyst) in 20 mL autoclave. Autoclave was placed at 50 psi of H₂ gas.The mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. Uponcompletion of the reaction was filtered and solvents removed underreduced pressure to provide 186.6 (0.045 g, 64.0%). LCMS(ES): m/z 190.15[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 186.7. Compound was prepared from compound 186.6using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-186. Compound was prepared from 186.7 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 440 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76-9.75 (d, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H),7.92-7.89 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.32 (d, 1H), 4.65 (s, 1H), 4.49(s, 2H), 1.12 (s, 3H).

Example 187 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrileI-187

Synthesis of compound 187.2. To a solution of 187.1 (50 g, 378 mmol, 1eq) in DCM (500 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (96.01 g, 756 mmol, 2 eq)drop wise at 0° C. over a period of 30 min. The resulting mixture washeated to reflux for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction solvents wereremoved to provide crude 1.1 (16.2 g) which was used for next step assuch.

Synthesis of compound 187.3. To a solution of 187.2 (18.8 g, 88.88 mmol,1 eq) in Et₂O (105 mL) was added Et₃N (19.8 g, 196 mmol, 2.2 eq) at 0°C. To this was added ethyl 2-amino-2-methylpropanoate (16.0 g, 106 mmol,1.2 eq) dropwise over 20 min. The resulting mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction wastransferred into ice cold water extracted with Et₂O. Combined organiclayers were washed with saturated NaHCO₃, dried over Na₂SO₄. Solvent wasconcentrated under reduced pressure to get crude 187.3 (10.0 g, 38.4%).MS(ES): m/z 246.11 [M+H]⁺ which was used for next step without furtherpurification.

Synthesis of compound 187.4. To a solution of NaOEt (prepared from Nametal 1.4 g, 1.54 eq in ethyl acetate 26 mL at room temperature) wasadded benzene (40 mL). The mixture was heated to reflux for 20 min. Tothis was added 187.3 (10 g, 40.81 mmol, 1 eq) and resulting mixture wasstirred at reflux temperature for 2 h. Upon completion of the reaction,mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to get crude. To crudecompound was added 3 N hydrochloric acid and mixture was extracted withDCM, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to get crude compound 187.4 (7.5 g, 92.3%). MS(ES): m/z 200.01[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 187.5. To a solution of 187.4 (4.6 g, 23.11 mmol,1 eq) in nitromethane (80 mL) was added water (1.0 mL). The mixture washeated to 125° C. for 45 min. Upon completion of reaction, solvents wereremoved to obtain crude which was purified by trituration to get pure187.5. (1.2 g, 41.8%). MS(ES): m/z 128.07 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 187.6. To a solution of 187.5 (700 mg, 5.51 mmol,1 eq) in ethanol (70 mL) was added Raney Ni (400 mg). The resultingmixture was purged hydrogen (50 psi) and heated to 60° C. for 18 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction was filtered. Filtrate was concentrated underreduced pressure to get crude which was purified by trituration toprovide 187.6. (0.55 g, 77%). MS(ES): m/z 130.25 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 187.7. To a solution of 187.6 (1.4 g, 10.85 mmol,1.0 eq) in 1,4-dioxane (20 mL) was added 1-benzyl-3-iodo-1H-pyrazole (4g, 14.1 mmol, 1.5 eq), CuI (2.06 g, 10.87 mmol, 1 eq), potassiumphosphate (4.60 g, 21.7 mmol, 2.0 eq) andtrans-N,N′-Dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (1.54 g, 10.8 mmol, 1 eq) atroom temperature and reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 5 h.Upon completion of reaction, reaction mixture was transferred into waterand product was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined,washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography toprovide 187.7 (0.3 g, 10.2%). MS(ES): 286.15 m/z [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 187.8. To a solution of 187.7 (0.05 g, 0.176 mmol,1 eq) in THF (4.0 mL) was added Borane dimethyl sulfide complex (0.04 g,0.528 mmol, 3 eq) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirredat room temperature for overnight. To this reaction was added methanol(3 mL) at 0° C. The resulting mixture was heated to 80° C. for 1.5 h.Upon completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure to get crude which was purified by column chromatography toprovide 187.8 (0.03 g, 63.09%). MS(ES): 272.17 m/z [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 187.9. To a solution of 187.9 (0.03 g, 110.7 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (3 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.075 g), 1N HCl (0.05 mL) in20 mL hydrogenator. Reaction mixture was kept under hydrogen pressure(50 psi). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. Uponcompletion of the reaction, mixture was filtered The filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedusing prep HPLC to afford 187.9 (0.015 g, 74.86%). LCMS(ES): m/z 182.12[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 187.91. Compound was prepared from 187.9 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-187. Compound was prepared from 187.91 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 433.17 [M+H]⁻; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76 (s, 1H), 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.93-7.91(dd, 1H), 7.7-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.2-6.19 (d, 1H), 5.11-5.1 (d, 1H), 4.48 (s,2H), 3.83-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.37 (m, 1H), 2.09-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.38 (s,3H), 1.22 (s, 3H).

Example 188 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-((1R,5S)-8-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-188

Synthesis of compound 188.2. To a solution of 188.1 (2 g, 15.87 mmol, 1eq) in MeOH (80 mL) was added Raney Nickel (1.0 g). The resultingmixture was stirred at 130° C. under 50 atm of H₂ pressure for 24 h.Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was filtered. Filtratewas concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which waspurified by column chromatography to provide 182.2 (1.3 g, 62.03%).MS(ES): m/z 133.2 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 188.3. To a solution of 182.2 (0.1 g, 0.75 mmol, 1eq) in DCM (5 mL) was added pyridine (0.18 g, 2.27 mmol, 3.0 eq).Reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and Tf₂O (0.42 g, 1.51 mmol, 2.0eq) was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for4 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction was poured into water andextracted with DCM. Combined organic layers were washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to get crude188.3 (0.12 g, 40.0%). MS(ES): m/z 397.3 [M+H]⁺. Crude compound was usedin next step without further purification.

Synthesis of compound 188.4. To a solution of 188.3 (0.12 g, 0.303 mmol,1 eq), in Diglyme (0.5 mL) was added 1.1 (0.157 g, 0.909 mmol, 1.1 eq).The reaction was stirred at 140° C. for 5 h. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was transferred into water and extracted with EtOAc.Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to get crude which was purified bycolumn chromatography to provide 184.4 (0.05 g, 61.3%). MS(ES): m/z270.4 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 188.5. To a solution of 184.4 (0.050 g, 0.186mmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (10 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.05 g), 1N HCl(catalytic), in hydrogenator. Reaction mixture was stirred underhydrogen (50 psi) at room temperature for 18 h. Upon completion of thereaction, reaction mixture was filtered. Filtrate was concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 188.5 (0.025 g, 75.11%). MS(ES): m/z 180.3[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 188.6. Compound was prepared from 188.5 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-188. Compound was prepared from 188.6 using theprocedure described in Example 64. (0.020 g, 61.63%). MS(ES): m/z 431.38[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.77-9.76 (d, 1H), 9.13 (s, 1H), 8.16(s, 1H), 7.92-7.9 (dd, 1H), 7.84-7.74 (m, 2H), 6.30-6.29 (d, 1H), 4.50(s, 2H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 3.46-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.01-2.98 (m, 2H), 1.82 (bs,4H).

Example 189 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(4-fluoro-3-(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-189

Compound I-189 was prepared by chiral separation of compound I-189.MS(ES): m/z 423.38 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): 10.03-10.02 (d,1H), 9.17 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.9 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H),4.98-4.97 (m, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 4.36 (s, 1H), 3.55-3.49 (m, 3H),2.93-2.91 (m, 2H), 2-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.98-1.84 (m, 1H).

Example 190 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(4-fluoro-3-(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-190

Compound I-190 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-185.MS(ES): m/z 423.33 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 10.03-10.02 (d,1H), 9.17 (s, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.9-7.89 (m, 1H), 7.82-7.73 (m, 2H),4.98-4.97 (s, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 4.36 (s, 1H), 3.55-3.48 (m, 3H), 2-1.98(m, 1H), 1.86-1.83 (m, 1H).

Example 191 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-191

Synthesis of compound 191.1. To a mixture of 192.6 (2.4 g, 9.95 mmol,1.0 eq) in DMSO (25 mL) was added NaCN (0.976 g, 19.91 mmol, 2 eq) andtrimethylsilyl cyanide (1.6 g, 14.93 mmol, 1.5 eq) at room temperature.Reaction mixture stirred at 65° C. for 30 min. Upon completion of thereaction; reaction mixture was transferred into water, and extractedwith EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtaincrude which was was refluxed in MeOH (30.0 ml) for 30 min. Reactionmixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to get crude material191.1. (1.9 g, 65.0%). MS(ES): m/z 302 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 191.2. To a solution of 191.1 (1.9 g, 6.31 mmol, 1eq) in THF:MeOH (2:1, 30 ml) was added LiOH (0.795 g, 18.93 mmol, 3.0eq) in water (5.0 ml) at room temperature. Reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixturewas concentrated under reduced pressure, acidified by 10% citric acidaqueous solution and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined,washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to pressure to obtain crude material 191.2 (1.5 g, 83.3%).MS(ES): m/z 28s [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 191.3. To a solution of 191.2 (1.5 g, 5.22 mmol,1.0 eq) in DMF (15 mL) was added HATU (3.0 g, 7.83 mmol, 1.5 eq) at 0°C. and stirred at this temperature for 30 min followed by addition ofpyrrolidine (0.48 ml, 5.74 mmol, 1.1 eq) and DIPEA (2.8 ml, 15.67 mmol,3.0 eq). Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, reaction mixture was poured into water, andextracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to provide 191.3 (1.6g, 90.0%). MS(ES): m/z 341 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 191.4. To a solution of 191.3 (1.6 g, 4.70 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (30 mL) was added 20% Pd(OH)₂ on charcoal (0.3 g) and 1NHCl (catalytic). Reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen for 16 h.Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was filtered throughcelite and washed with methanol and concentrated under reduced pressureto obtain crude material. This is further treated with polymer boundtetra-alkyl ammonium carbonate in methanol to neutral pH=7, thenfiltered through celite and filtrate was concentrated under reducedpressure to get 191.4. (1.15 g, 98.1%). MS(ES): m/z 251 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 191.5. Compound was prepared from 191.4 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-191. Compound was prepared from 191.5 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 502 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.78-9.77 (d, 1H), 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.91(d, 1H), 7.83-7.76 (m, 2H), 6.17-6.16 (d, 1H), 5.80-5.75 (m, 2H), 4.49(s, 2H), 3.80-3.72 (m, 4H), 3.48-3.45 (m, 4H), 2.38-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.08(s, 1H), 1.86-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.72 (m, 2H).

Example 192 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(8-hydroxy-6,10-dioxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrileI-192

Synthesis of compound 192.2. To a solution of 192.1 (10 g, 0.108 mmol, 1eq) in toluene was added p-TsOH (0.18 g, 0.011 mmol, 1 eq). The reactionwas stirred at reflux followed by azeotropical removal of water for 6 h.Upon completion of the reaction, reaction was concentrated to providecrude which was purified by trituration to get 192.2. (6.0 g, 30.7%).MS(ES): m/z 181.08 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 192.3. To a solution of 192.2 (6.0 g, 0.033 mmol,1 eq) in toluene was added BnBr (8.1 mL, 0.068 mmol, 2.06 eq) andpowdered KOH. The reaction was heated to reflux followed by azeotropicalremoval of water for 12 h. Upon completion of reaction, mixture waspoured into water and extracted with EtOAc. Combined organic layers werewashed with 5% NaHCO₃, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to provide crude which was purified by column chromatography toprovide 192.2 (5 g, 55.6%). MS(ES): m/z 271.13 [M+H]⁺, LCMS purity:98.12%.

Synthesis of compound 192.4. To a solution of 192.3 (5.0 g, 18.51 mmol,1 eq) in MeOH was added 1M HCl and reaction was refluxed for 1 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, mixture was concentrated to provide 192.5.(2.5 g, 63.8%). MS(ES): m/z 183.20 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 192.6. To a solution of 192.5 (6 g, 0.024 mmol, 1eq) in DCM, were DMSO (17.4 mL, 6 eq) and Et₃N (20.4 mL). To this wasadded Pyridine sulfur trioxide complex (11.78 g, 74.08 mmol, 3 eq). Theresulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction to the mixture was added aq. NH₄Cl andsuspension was extracted with EtOAc. Combined organic layers were driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to get crude whichwas purified by column chromatography to provide 192.6 (4.5 g, 90.75%).MS(ES): m/z 242.12 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 192.7. To a solution of 192.6 (4.5 g, 18.67 mmol,1 eq) and 192.4 (23.65 g, 130 mmol, 7 eq) in THF was addedtrimethylorthoformate (4.94 g, 46.7 mmol, 2.5 eq) and p-TsOH (1.41 g,74.7 mmol, 0.4 eq). The reaction was heated to reflux for 24 h. Uponcompletion of reaction, mixture was poured slowly into water andextracted with EtOAc. Combined organic layers was washed with 5% NaHCO₃,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to get crudewhich was purified by column chromatography to furnish 192.7 (1.4 g,18.5%). MS(ES): m/z 406.21 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 192.8. To a solution of 192.7 (1.4 g, 3.45 mmol,1.0 eq) in cyclohexane, ethanol was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.5 g) in 20 mLhydrogenator and the resulting mixture was heated to reflux underhydrogen pressure for 3 hours then at temperature overnight. Uponcompletion of the reaction was filtered and mother liquor wasconcentrated to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatographyto provide 192.8 (0.4 g, 51.5%). MS(ES): m/z 226.11 [M+H]⁺, LCMS purity:98.12%.

Synthesis of compound 192.9. Compound was prepared from 192.8 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-192. Compound was prepared from 192.9 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 477.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.77-9.76 (m, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.17 (m, 1H),7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.79-7.76 (m, 2H), 6.2-6.17 (dd, 1H), 5.10-5.09 (d,1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.94-3.89 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.51 (m,2H), 3.43-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.25 (t, 1H), 2.18-2.17 (t, 1H).

Example 193 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-193

Synthesis of compound 193.2. To a solution of 193.1 (0.2 g, 0.696 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (3 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.5 g) and 1N HCl (0.5 mL) inhydrogenator. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature underhydrogen pressure of 40 psi for 16 h. Upon completion of the reaction,mixture was filtered. Filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressureto obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to provide193.2 (0.12 g, 87.4%). MS(ES): m/z 198.23 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 193.3. Compound was prepared from 4.1 and 193.3using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-193. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64. (0.12 g, 49.9%). MS(ES): m/z 449.17 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75 (s, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H),7.96-7.9 (dd, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.36-6.35 (d, 1H), 5.08-5.07 (d,1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.7-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.64-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.39 (m,1H), 3.12-3.07 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.91 (m, 1H), 2.79-2.67 (s, 1H), 2.08-1.99(m, 1H), 1.42-1.33 (m, 1H).

Example 194 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl-2,2,3,4,4,5,5-d7)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-194

Synthesis of compound 194.2. To a solution of 194.1 (1.7 g, 10.6 mmol,1.0 eq) in deuterated methanol (5.1 ml) was added D₂O (2.55 mL).Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 7 days. Uponcompletion of reaction, reaction mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography toprovide 194.2. (0.630 g, 36.6%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHZ): 3.61 (s, 3H),3.66 (s, 3H).

Synthesis of compound 194.3. To a mixture 194.2 (0.630 g, 3.61 mmol, 1.0eq) in deuterated methanol (2 mL) was added solution of NaBD₄ (0.453 g,10.8 mmol, 3.0 eq) in D₂O (1 ml) at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature for 15 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixturewas transferred into 6 N hydrochloric acid solution, extracted with DCM.Organic layers were combined, washed with brine solution, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to get pure 1.2 (0.33g, 80.7%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): 5.22 (s, 2H), 4.52 (s, 1H).

Synthesis of compound 194.4. To a solution of 194.3 (0.33 g, 2.99 mmol,1 eq) in THF (1.5 ml) was added PPh₃ (1.57 g, 5.99 mmol, 2.0 eq) and DCM(3.0 mL) at 0° C. then NBS (1.06 g, 5.99 mmol, 2.0 eq) was addeddropwise at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for15 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was transferred intowater, extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed withbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure topressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography toprovide get pure 194.4 (0.19 g, 29.5%). MS(ES): m/z 240 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 194.5. To a solution of 194.4 (0.19 g, 0.79 mmol,1.0 eq) and 1-benzyl-1H-pyrazol-3-amine (0.137 g, 0.79 mmol, 2.0 eq) inDMA (5 ml), DIPEA was added (0.250 g, 1.98 mmol, 2.5 eq). Reaction wasstirred at 90° C. for 1 hr in Microwave. Upon completion of reaction,reaction mixture was transferred into water and extracted with EtOAc,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to furnish 194.5. (1.2g, 61.53%). MS(ES): m/z 251 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 194.6. To a solution of 194.5 (0.1 g, 0.4 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (5 mL). 20% Pd(OH)₂ on charcoal (0.02 g) and 1N HCl(catalytic amount) was added. Reaction mixture was stirred(underhydrogen at 40 psi for 15 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reactionmixture was filtered. Filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressureto obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to get194.6. (0.052 g, 83.9%). MS(ES): m/z 161 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 194.7. Compound was prepared from 194.6 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64

Synthesis of compound I-194. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64. (0.075 g, 78.94%). MS(ES): m/z 412 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 9.79-9.78 (d, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H),7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.14 (d, 1H), 4.90 (s, 1H), 4.48(s, 2H).

Example 195 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-195

Synthesis of compound 195.2. To a solution of 195.1 (0.1 g, 0.348 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (3 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.5 g) and 1N HCl (0.5 mL) inhydrogenator. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature under40 psi H₂ gas pressure for 16 h. Upon completion of the reaction,suspension was filtered. The mother liquor was concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 195.2 (0.075 g, 78.0%). MS(ES): m/z 198.23[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 195.3. Compound was prepared from 195.2 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-195. Compound was prepared from 195.3 using theprocedure described in Example 64. (0.09 g, 78.6%). MS(ES): m/z 449.17[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75 (s, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s,1H), 7.92-7.9 (d, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.41-6.4 (d, 1H), 4.95-4.94(d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 1H), 3.83-3.8 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.5-3.48 (m,1H), 3.07-3.05 (m, 3H), 3.05-3 (m, 3H), 2.97-2.84 (m, 1H), 1.86-0.82 (m,1H), 1.47-1.4 (m, 1H).

Example 196 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-(methyl-d3)pyrrolidin-1-yl-2,2,4,4,5,5-d6)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-196

Synthesis of compound 196.1. To a solution of 194.5 (0.23 g, 0.9 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (5 ml) was added Et₃N (0.578 g, 5.4 mmol, 6.0 eq) andDMSO (0.7 g, 9 mmol, 10.0 eq) at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at0° C. for 10 min. To this reaction mixture Sulfur trioxide pyridinecomplex (0.438 g, 2.7 mmol, 3.0 eq) was added portionwise at 0° C.Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Uponcompletion, reaction mixture was quenched by saturated NH₄Cl solutionand extracted with DCM. Combined organic layers were washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to provide 196.1 (0.11g, 50.6%). MS(ES): m/z 248.3 [M+H]⁺

Synthesis of compound 196.2. To a stirred suspension of Mg turnings(0.039 g, 1.61 mmol, 3.6 eq) in Et₂O (2 mL) was added I₂ crystal(catalytic) and stirred for 10 min. Reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and deuterated iodomethane (0.195 g, 1.34 mmol, 3.0 eq) was addedslowly. Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 h. Thissuspension was added to a solution of 196.1 (0.11 g, 0.044 mmol, 1.0 eq)in THF (2.0 mL) at −78° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 16 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture wastransferred in satd. NH₄Cl solution and product was extracted withEtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine solution, driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crudewhich was purified by column chromatography to provide 196.2 (0.039 g,32.9%). MS(ES): m/z 267.4 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 196.3. To a solution of 196.3 (0.039 g, 0.146mmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (3.0 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.020 g), 1N HCl(catalytic). Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature underhydrogen pressure for 16 h. Upon completion, reaction was filtered andsolvents removed under reduced pressure to obtain 196.3 (0.016 g, 62%).LCMS(ES): m/z 177.3 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 196.4. Compound was prepared from 196.3 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-196. Compound was prepared from 196.4 using theprocedure described in Example 64. (0.013 g, 53.48%). MS(ES): m/z 428.43[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79-9.78 (d, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.16(s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.12 (d, 1H), 4.75 (s,1H), 4.48 (s, 2H).

Example 197 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-197

Compound I-197 was prepared by chiral purification compound I-191.MS(ES): m/z 502 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.78-9.77 (d, 1H),9.10 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, 1H), 7.83-7.76 (m, 2H), 6.17-6.16(d, 1H), 5.80-5.75 (m, 2H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.80-3.72 (m, 4H), 3.48-3.45(m, 4H), 2.38-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.08 (s, 1H), 1.86-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.72(m, 2H).

Example 198 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-198

Compound I-198 was prepared by chiral purification compound I-191.MS(ES): m/z 502 [M+H]⁺; 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): 9.78-9.77 (d, 1H),9.10 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, 1H), 7.83-7.76 (m, 2H), 6.17-6.16(d, 1H), 5.80-5.75 (m, 2H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.80-3.72 (m, 4H), 3.48-3.45(m, 4H), 2.38-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.08 (s, 1H), 1.86-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.72(m, 2H).

Example 199 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-(methoxy-d3)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-199

Synthesis of compound 199.4. Compound 199.4 was synthesized from tritylprotected 199.1 using the procedure described in Example 109.

Synthesis of compound 199.5. To a solution of 199.4 (1.0 g, 3.8 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (20 mL) was added NaH (0.2 g, 4.86 mmol, 1 eq) at 0° C.Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Reactionmixture was cooled to 0° C. and Methyl-d3 Iodide (0.56 g, 3.89 mmol, 0.8eq) was added dropwise. Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3hours. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was transferredinto ice. Resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layerswere combined, washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The crude was purified by columnchromatography to furnish 199.5 (0.45 g, 22.5%). MS(ES): m/z 429 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 199.6. To a solution of 199.5 (0.45 g, 1.05 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (5.0 mL) was added TFA (5.0 ml). Reaction was stirred atroom temperature for 6 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, mixturewas poured into water, basified with satd. NaHCO₃ solution and extractedwith EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to furnish 199.6 (0.19 g, 90.0%). MS(ES): m/z187 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 199.7. Compound 199.7 was prepared from compound199.6 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-199. Compound I-199 was prepared from compound199.7 using the procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 438[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.78-9.77 (d, 1H), 9.10 (s, 1H),8.17-8.16 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.14-6.13 (d,1H), 4.92-4.90 (d, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 4.30-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.85-3.81 (m,1H), 3.55-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.31 (m, 2H).

Example 200 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-(methyl-d3)pyrrolidin-1-yl-2,2,5,5-d4)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl-7,7-d2)benzonitrile,I-200

To a solution of I-170 (0.07 g, 0.164 mmol, 1 eq) in deuterated methanol(5 mL) and deuterated chloroform (2.5 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (0.045 g, 0.32mmol, 2.0 eq). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 24 h.Upon completion of the reaction; reaction mixture was poured into water,extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to furnishI-200 (0.05 g, 71.1%). MS(ES): m/z 428.48 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400MHz): 9.79 (d, 1H), 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H),7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.11-6.10 (d, 1H), 4.75 (s, 1H), 1.88-1.81 (m, 2H).

Example 201 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-201

Compound I-201 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-195.MS(ES): m/z 449.38 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75 (s, 1H), 9.12(s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.9 (d, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.41-6.4 (d,1H), 4.95-4.94 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 1H), 3.83-3.8 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.59 (m,1H), 3.5-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.07-3.05 (m, 3H), 3.05-3 (m, 3H), 2.97-2.84 (m,1H), 1.86-0.82 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.4 (m, 1H).

Example 202 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3S,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-202

Compound I-202 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-195.MS(ES): m/z 449.38 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75 (s, 1H), 9.12(s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.9 (d, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.41-6.4 (d,1H), 4.95-4.94 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 1H), 3.83-3.8 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.59 (m,1H), 3.5-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.07-3.05 (m, 3H), 3.05-3 (m, 3H), 2.97-2.84 (m,1H), 1.86-0.82 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.4 (m, 1H).

Example 203 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl-2,2,3,3,4,5,5,6,6-d9)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-203

Synthesis of compound 203.2. To a solution of 203.1 (2.0 g, 17.85 mmol,1.0 eq.) in DCM (10 mL) was added Oxalyl chloride (2.7 mL, 35.71 mmol,2.0 eq.), cat. DMF (0.1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 6 h. Upon completion of the reaction solvent wasevaporated to furnish 203.1. (2.1 g, 90.37%). ¹D-NMR (CDCl₃, 61 MHz):4.30 (s, 2D), 3.89 (s, 2D).

Synthesis of compound 203.3. To a solution 203.2 (2.1 g, 16.15 mmol, 1.0eq.) in DCM (25 mL) was added portion wise AlCl₃ (2.57 g, 19.38 mmol,1.2 eq.) at −40° C. Mixture was purged with ethylene gas for 6 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, 1N HCl was added and mixture was extractedwith DCM. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine solution,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to furnish 203.3 (1.0g, 38.0%), ¹D-NMR (CDCl3, 61 MHz): 3.75 (s, 4D), 3.33 (s, 4D).

Synthesis of compound 203.4 To a solution of 203.3 (0.884 g, 5.11 mmol,1.0 eq.) in dimethylacetamide (10 mL) was added 203.31 (1 g, 5.78 mmol,1.2 eq.) and DIPEA (5.34 g, 41.09 mmol, 3.0 eq). The reaction wasstirred at 120° C. for 4 h. Upon completion of reaction, reactionmixture was transferred in D₂O and product was extracted with EtOAc.Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to furnish 203.4 (0.25 g, 15.48%). MS(ES): m/z264.19 [M+H]⁺,

Synthesis of compound 203.5. To a solution of 203.4 (0.25 g, 0.95 mmol,1.0 eq) in CD₃OD (3 mL) was added NaBD₄ (0.119 g, 2.85 mmol, 3.0 eq) at0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min.Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was transferred into1N HCl in D₂O and product was extracted with DCM. Organic layers wascombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude 203.5 (0.16 g, 63.3%). MS(ES): m/z267.21 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 203.6. To a solution of 203.6 (0.15 g, 0.6015mmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (3 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.2 g), dil. HCl (0.05mL) in 20 mL autoclave. The hydrogen was purged to 50 psi. The reactionwas stirred at room temperature overnight. Upon completion of thereaction solids were filtered off. Mother liquor was concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain 203.6 (0.1 g, 94.16%). LCMS(ES): m/z 177.15[M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of compound 203.7. Compound 203.7 was prepared from compounds203.6 and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-203. Compound I-203 was prepared from compound203.7 using the procedure from Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 427 [M+H]⁺, LCMSpurity: 100%, HPLC purity: 99.43%, ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHZ): 9.76-9.75(d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 9.92-7.9 (m, 1H),7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.35 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (s, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H),1.36 (s, 2H).

Example 204 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-204

Synthesis of compound 204.1 and 204.2. Compounds 204.1 and 204.2 wereprepared by chiral purification of 187.9.

Synthesis of compound 204.3. Compound was prepared from 4.1 and 204.1using the procedure in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-204. Compound was prepared from 204.3 using theprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 433.17 [M+H]⁻; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.758-9.751 (d, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H),7.93-7.91 (dd, 1H), 7.7-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.2-6.19 (d, 1H), 5.10-5.09 (d,1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 3.83-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.4-3.37 (m, 2H), 2.09-2.07 (m,1H), 1.38 (s, 3H), 1.22 (s, 3H).

Example 205 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrileI-205

Compound I-205 was synthesized from 4.1 and 204.2 using the proceduresreferred in example 204. MS(ES): m/z 433.17 [M+H]⁺; 1H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400MHz): 9.758-9.751 (d, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.93-7.91 (dd,1H), 7.7-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.2-6.19 (d, 1H), 5.10-5.09 (d, 1H), 4.48 (s,2H), 3.83-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.4-3.37 (m, 2H), 2.09-2.07 (m, 1H), 1.38 (s,3H), 1.22 (s, 3H).

Example 206 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-(methyl-d3)pyrrolidin-1-yl-2,2,5,5-d4)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl-7,7-d2)benzonitrile,I-206

Compound I-206 was prepared by chiral purification of I-200. MS(ES): m/z428.38 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79 (d, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H),8.16 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.11-6.10 (d, 1H),4.76 (s, 1H), 1.88-1.81 (m, 2H).

Example 207 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-(methyl-d3)pyrrolidin-1-yl-2,2,5,5-d4)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl-7,7-d2)benzonitrile,I-207

Compound I-207 was prepared by chiral purification of I-200. MS(ES): m/z428.38 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.79 (d, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H),8.16 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.11-6.10 (d, 1H),4.76 (s, 1H), 1.88-1.81 (m, 2H).

Example 208 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl-2,2,3,4,4,5,5-d7)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-208

Compound I-208 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-194.MS(ES): m/z 412.48 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 9.79-9.78 (d, 1H),9.09 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.14(d, 1H), 4.90 (s, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H).

Example 209 Synthesis of(S)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl-2,2,3,4,4,5,5-d7)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-209

Compound I-209 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-194.MS(ES): m/z 412.48 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 9.79-9.78 (d, 1H),9.09 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.14(d, 1H), 4.90 (s, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H).

Example 210 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-210

Compound I-210 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-210.MS(ES): m/z 449.38 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75 (s, 1H), 9.11(s, 1H), 8.17-8.16 (d, 1H), 7.92-7.9 (dd, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H),6.36-6.35 (d, 1H), 5.08-5.07 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.7-3.67 (m, 1H),3.64-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.12-3.07 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.91 (m,1H), 2.79-2.67 (s, 1H), 2.08-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.33 (m, 1H).

Example 211 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxypiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-211

Compound I-211 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-210.MS(ES): m/z 449.38 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75 (s, 1H), 9.12(s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.96-7.9 (dd, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.36-6.35(d, 1H), 5.08-5.07 (d, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.7-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.64-3.47(m, 1H), 3.46-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.12-3.07 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.91 (m, 1H),2.79-2.67 (s, 1H), 2.08-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.33 (m, 1H).

Example 212 Synthesis ofN-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)acetamide,I-212

Synthesis of compound 212.1. A mixture of 1.1 (1.0 g, 5.77 mmol, 1.0 eq)and acetic anhydride (1.5 ml, 5.7 mmol, 1.0 eq) was stirred at 25° C.for 0.5 h. Upon completion of reaction; reaction mixture was transferredinto water, extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washedwith brine solution, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 212.1 (1.0 g, 83.33%). MS(ES): m/z 216 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 212.2. To a solution of 212.1. (0.5 g, 2.32 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added 20% palladium hydroxide on charcoal(0.5 g) and 1N HCl (catalytic amount). Reaction mixture was stirredunder hydrogen at 40 psi for 16 h. Upon completion of the reaction,reaction mixture was filtered through Celite bed and washed withmethanol. Filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to furnish 212.2. (0.2g, 68.96%). MS(ES): m/z 126 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 212.3. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-212. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64. (0.050 g, 25.47%). MS(ES): m/z 377 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHZ): 10.88 (s, 1H), 9.72 (s, 1H), 9.23 (s, 1H), 8.19(s, 1H), 7.94-7.92 (m, 1H), 7.85-7.77 (m, 2H), 6.94 (d, 1H), 4.54 (s,2H), 2.06 (s, 3H).

Example 213 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-213

Synthesis of compound 213.2. To a solution of Osmium tetroxide (2% inwater) (0.52 ml, 0.044 mmol, 0.01 eq) in water (20 ml) was addedN-Methylmorpholine N-oxide (0.52 g, 4.4 mmol, 1.0 eq) at 0° C. then 1(1.8 g, 4.4 mmol, 1 eq) in acetone (20 ml) was added dropwise at 0° C.Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction; reaction mixture was transferred into water,extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brinesolution, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under reducedpressure to pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 213.2 (1.1 g, 56.38%). MS(ES): m/z 440.56[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 213.3. To a solution of 213.2 (0.6 g, 1.3 mmol,1.0 eq) THF (20 mL) was added NaH (0.06 g, 1.5 mmol, 1.1 eq) at 0° C.and reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 min. Reaction mixturewas cooled to 0° C. and dimethyl sulfate (0.162 g, 1.2 mmol, 0.98 eq)was added dropwise, stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, reaction mixture was transferred into iceand extracted ethyl acetate. Organic layers were combined, washed withbrine, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under reducedpressure. Crude was purified by column chromatography to furnish 213.3(0.12 g, 19.38%). MS(ES): m/z 454.5 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 213.4. To a solution of 213.3 (0.12 g, 0.26 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (5 ml) and stirred at roomtemperature for 6 h. Upon completion of reaction, reaction mixture wastransferred in water, basified with saturated bicarbonate solution andproduct was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, driedover sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to provide 213.4.(0.04 g, 71.57%). MS(ES): m/z 212.17 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 213.5. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-213. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in example 64 (0.04 g, 69.51%). MS(ES): m/z 438 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75-9.74 (d, 1H), 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H),7.91-7.90 (d, 1H), 7.81-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.35-6.34 (d, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H),4.23 (m, 1H), 3.57-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.17-3.16 (d, 1H),3.12-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.98-2.95 (d, 1H), 1.81-1.76 (q, 1H), 1.15 (s, 3H).

Example 214 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyro-lidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-214

Synthesis of compound 214.2. To a solution of 214.1 (5.0 g, 25.6 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (50 mL) and ethanol (10 mL) was added Et₃N (5.2 mL, 0.038mmol, 1.5 eq) di-tert.butyl dicarbonate (032 mmol, 1.2 eq) at 0° C.Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, mixture was transferred into water andextracted with DCM, combined organic layers were washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtainedcrude which was purified by column chromatography to furnish 214.2. (6.1g, 74.9%). MS(ES): m/z 260.12 [M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of compound 214.3. To a solution of 214.2 (6.1 g, 23.5 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (150 mL) was added imidazole (3.2 g, 47.1 mmol, 1.88 eq)and TDDMSCl (3.7 g, 24.9 mmol, 1.06 eq) at room temperature and stirredfor 18 hrs. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was transferredinto 0.5N HCl solution, extracted with DCM, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude 214.3. (8.5 g,96.7%). MS(ES): m/z 374.2 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 214.4. Solution of 214.3 (8.5 g, 22.7 mmol, 1.0eq) in EtOAc (40 ml) was added in to a solution of Sodium periodate (8.5g, 56.0 mmol, 2.5 eq) and Ruthenium(IV) oxide hydrate (0.6 g, 4.5 mmol,0.2 eq) in water (50 mL) at 0° C. and stirred at room temperature for 16h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was transferred into waterand extracted with EtOAc, combined organic layers were washed withbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtained crude which was purified by column chromatography to provide214.4 (6.0 g, 68.04%). MS(ES): m/z 388.12 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 214.5. To a solution of 214.4 (6.0 g, 16.8 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (60 ml) was added TBAF (6.0 mL), at room temperature andreaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, reaction mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 214.5 (3.0 g, 70.9%). MS(ES): m/z 274.2[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 214.6. To a solution of 214.5 (3.0 g, 10.98 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (30.0 ml) was added TFA (2.0 mL) at room temperature andreaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 h. Uponcompletion of reaction, reaction mixture was concentrated under reducedto obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to provide214.6 (0.14 g, 93.10%). MS(ES): m/z 258.32 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 214.7. To a solution of1-benzyl-3-bromo-1H-pyrazole (1 g, 4.22 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 1,4 Dioxane (00ml) was added 214.6 (0.94 g, 5.48 mmol, 1.3 eq), CuI (0.08 g, 0.422mmol, 0.1 eq), K₂CO₃ (1.16 g, 8.44 mmol, 2.0 eq) andtrans-N,N′-Dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (0.060 g, 0.422 mmol, 0.1eq). Reaction was stirred at 140° C. for 18 h. Upon completion of thereaction, reaction mixture was transferred into water and product wasextracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to provide 214.7 (0.26g, 18.7%). MS(ES): m/z 330.36 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 214.8. To a solution of 214.7 (0.26 g, 0.79 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (5.0 ml) was added Borane dimethyl sulfide (0.3 g, 3.9mmol, 5 eq) at 0° C. and stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Uponcompletion reaction was quenched with methanol, solvents removed underreduced pressure to provide crude which was purified by columnchromatography to furnish 214.8 (0.075 g, 34.7%). MS(ES): m/z 274.3[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 214.9. To a solution of 214.8 (0.075 g, 0.274mmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (10.0 mL), were added 20% Pd(OH)₂ (0.03 g) and 1NHCl (catalytic). Reaction mixture was stirred (under hydrogen) at 40 psifor 24 h. Upon completion of reaction, reaction mixture was filtered andsolvent removed under reduced pressure to provide crude which waspurified by column chromatography to get 214.9. (0.03 g, 59.7%). MS(ES):m/z 184.21 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 214.91. Compound was prepared from 214.9 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-214. Compound was prepared from 214.91 usingprocedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 435.4 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75-9.74 (d, 1H), 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.92(m, 1H), 7.84-7.74 (m, 2H), 6.18 (d, 1H), 4.90 (d, 1H), 4.71-4.68 (m,1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 4.43-4.34 (m, 1H) 3.8-3.82 (m, 1H), 3.64-3.59 (m,3H), 3.25-3.23 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.76 (m, 1H).

Example 215 Synthesis of(3R,4R)-1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-hydroxypiperidine-4-carbonitrile,I-215

Synthesis of compound 215.2. To a solution of 215.1 (1 g, 3.92 mmol, 1eq) in EtOH (20 mL), and water (10 mL) was added NaCN (0.23 g, 0.0047mmol, 1.2 eq). The reaction was stirred at 50° C. for 18 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, solvent was removed under reduced pressure.Residues was dissolved in water and extract with EtOAc. Combined organiclayers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to get crude which was purified by preparative HPLC toprovide 215.2 (0.5 g, 73.4%), MS(ES): m/z 283.15 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 215.3. A solution of 1. (0.4 g, 1.41 mmol, 1.0 eq)in EtOH (5.0 mL) and cyclohexene (5 mL) was added Pd(OH)² (0.2 g).Reaction mixture was refluxed for 24 h. Upon completion of the reaction,mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude. Whichwas purified by column chromatography to furnish 215.3 (0.125 g, 36.7%).MS(ES): m/z 193.12 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 215.4. Compound was prepared from 215.4 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64

Synthesis of compound I-215. Compound was prepared from 215.4 using theprocedure described in Example 64. (0.095 g, 93.2%). MS(ES): m/z 444.02[M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76-9.75 (d, 1H), 9.14 (s, 1H),8.21-8.17 (m, 1H), 7.95-7.9 (m, 1H), 7.84-7.74 (m, 1H), 5.8-5.78 (d,1H), 4.5 (s, 2H), 3.96-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.61 (m,1H), 3.44-3.29 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.71 (m, 2H), 2.63-2.61(m, 1H), 2.11-2.1 (m, 1H).

Example 216 Synthesis of(3R,4R)-1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-hydroxypiperidine-4-carbonitrile,I-216

Compound I-216 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-215.MS(ES): m/z 444.12 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76-9.75 (d, 1H),9.14 (s, 1H), 8.21-8.17 (m, 1H), 7.95-7.9 (m, 1H), 7.84-7.74 (m, 1H),5.8-5.78 (d, 1H), 4.5 (s, 2H), 3.96-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.68 (m, 1H),3.67-3.61 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.29 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.71 (m,2H), 2.63-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.1 (m, 1H).

Example 217 Synthesis of(3S,4S)-1-(1-(2-(2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-hydroxypiperidine-4-carbonitrile,I-217

Compound I-217 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-215.MS(ES): m/z 444.12 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76-9.75 (d, 1H),9.14 (s, 1H), 8.21-8.17 (m, 1H), 7.95-7.9 (m, 1H), 7.84-7.74 (m, 1H),5.8-5.78 (d, 1H), 4.5 (s, 2H), 3.96-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.68 (m, 1H),3.67-3.61 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.29 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.71 (m,2H), 2.63-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.1 (m, 1H).

Example 218 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3S,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-morpholinopiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-218

Synthesis of compound 218.2. To a solution of 59.1 (10.0 g, 39.2 mmol, 1eq.) in MeOH (200 mL) was added NaBH₄ (7.45 g, 196.05 mmol, 5 eq.) at 0°C. in 6 portions over a period of 20 min. The reaction was stirred at 0°C. for 2 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was poured into2N HCl and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers we combined then washedwith brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to get pure218.2 (8.0 g, 79.4%). MS(ES): m/z 258.16 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 218.3. To a solution of 218.2 (6.4 g, 29.9 mmol, 1eq.) in DCM (100 mL) was added Et₃N (5 g, 49.5 mmol, 2 eq.), MsCl (4.25g, 37.35 mmol, 1.5 eq.) at 0° C. Upon completion of the reaction,mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc. Combined EtOAcwas washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude 218.3 which was used for next step withoutpurification. (5.0 g, 59.9%). MS(ES): m/z 336.13 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 218.4. To a solution of 218.3 (5.0 g, 14.92 mmol,1 eq.) was added DBU (20 mL). The reaction was refluxed for 16 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, mixture was poured into water and extractedwith EtOAc. Organic layers were combined and washed with brine, driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crudewhich was purified by column chromatography to provide 218.4 (3 g,84.09%). MS(ES): m/z 240.15 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 218.5. To a solution of Urea hydrogen peroxide(4.92 g, 52.3 mmol, 5 eq.) in DCM (42 mL) was added TFA (11 g, 52.3 mol,5 eq.) drop wise at 0° C. Mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. To thismixture was added 218.4 (2.5 g, 10.48 mmol, 1 eq.) and TFA (6 g, 52mmol, 5.0 eq.). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 h.Upon completion of the reaction Na₂CO₃ (5.43 g, 51.8 mmol, 5 eq.) andK₂CO₃ (7.21 g, 52.3 mmol, 5.0 eq.) were added at −10° C. Mixture wasextracted with DCM and back washed with aq. NaHCO₃ then dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude 218.5which was directly used for next step without purification. (Crude: 1.2g, 44.99%). MS(ES): m/z 256.13 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 218.6 and 218.7. To a solution of 218.5 (1.2 g,4.7 mmol, 1.0 eq.) in EtOH (10 mL) was added morpholine (1.22 g, 14.11mmole, 3.0 eq) and Et₃N (4.75 g, 47.05 mmol, 10 eq). The reactionmixture was heated to reflux for 3 h. Upon completion, reaction wascooled to room temperature and poured into water. The product wasextracted with EtOAc, organic layers were combined, washed with brinesolution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude which was purified by reverse phase chromatography, to getpure 218.6 (0.35 g, 32.62%), 218.7 (0.15 g, 13.98%). MS(ES): m/z 343.21[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 218.8. To a solution of 218.6 (0.35 g, 1.02 mmole)in toluene (15 mL) at 0° C. was added 4-nitrobenzoic acid (0.341 mg,2.04 mmole) and 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-ethane (0.814 g, 2.04 mmole).To this mixture DEAD (0.712 g, 4.09 mmole) was added drop wise over 5min. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for overnight. Uponcompletion, reaction was cooled to room temperature and poured intosatd. NaHCO₃ solution. Mixture was extracted with EtOAc, then washedwith brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography tofurnish 218.8. (0.2 g, 39.8%). MS(ES): m/z 492.22 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 219.9. To a solution of 219.9 (0.2 g, 0.407 mmole)in MeOH (6.0 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (168 mg, 1.22 mmole). The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Upon completion, thereaction was cooled to room temperature and poured into water. Theproduct was extracted with EtOAc then washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude material.The crude was purified by column chromatography to provide 219.9 (0.13g, 93.3%). MS(ES): m/z 343.21 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 218.91. To a solution of 219.9 (0.13 g, 0.3801mmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (3.0 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.15 g), and dil. HCl(0.05 mL). Reaction was stirred under H₂ gas overnight. Upon completion,the reaction was filtered, and washed with methanol (10 mL). Motherliquor was evaporated to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography, to provide 218.91 (0.08 g, 72.4%). LCMS(ES): m/z 253.16[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 218.92. Compound 218.92 was prepared fromcompounds 218.91 and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-218. Compound I-218 was prepared from compound218.92 using the procedure described in Example 64. MS(ES): m/z 504.15[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.75-9.74 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.17(s, 1H), 7.92-7.9 (dd, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 4.49 (m,3H), 3.92-3.66 (m, 3H), 3.55-3.5 (m, 4H), 2.85-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.66(m, 4H), 2.51-2.39 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.91 (m, 1H).

Example 219 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-219

Synthesis of compound 219.1. To a solution of 199.1 (20 g, 61.53 mmol,1.0 eq) and Et₃N (22 ml, 123.0 mmol, 2.0 eq) in DCM (100 mL) was addedbut-3-enoyl chloride (8.2 g, 61.53 mmol, 1.0 eq) at 0° C. Reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction,mixture was poured into water, and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layerswere combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder reduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude which was purified bycolumn chromatography to provide 219.1 (14.0 g, 60.79%). MS(ES): m/z 394[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 219.2. To a solution of 219.1 (14 g, 35.6 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (300 mL) was added LiAlH₄ (7 g, 184.0 mmol, 3.0 eq)slowly at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes,the warmed up to ambient temperature and stirred for 15 hours. Uponcompletion of the reaction, mixture was transferred into Na₂SO₄ veryslowly and filtered through celite then concentrated under reducedpressure to pressure to obtain crude material. Solvents were removedunder a reduced pressure and crude purified by column chromatography tofurnish 219.2 (3.94 g, 29.12%). MS(ES): m/z 380 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 219.3. To a solution of 219.2 (3.8 g, 2.63 mmol,1.0 eq) in DMF (40 mL) was added 60% NaH (0.8 g, 20.0 mmol, 2.0 eq)slowly at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes.3-bromo-2-methylprop-1-ene (2.0 g, 15.0 mmol, 1.5 eq) was added Thereaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 15 h. Upon completion of thereaction; reaction mixture was transferred into ice, then DCM. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude whichwas purified by column chromatography to provide 219.3 (3.5 g, 80.8%).MS(ES): m/z 434 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 213.1. To a solution of 1.3 (3.5 g, 8.04 mmol, 1.0eq) in DCM (30 mL) was added[1,3-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene]dichloro-(phenylmethy-lene)(tricyclehexylphosphino)ruthenium(0.355 g, 0.40 mmol, 0.05 eq) and stirred at room temperature for 18 h.Upon completion of the reaction; reaction mixture was transferred intowater, and extracted with DCM. Organic layers were combined, washed withbrine solution, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reducedpressure to pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to furnish 213.1 (2.8 g, 86.15%). MS(ES): m/z 406 [M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of compound 219.4. To a solution of OsO₄ (1 ml, 0.69 mmol, 0.1eq) (2% in water) in water (15 mL) was added N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide(0.808 g, 6.9 mmol, 1.0 eq) at 0° C. then 213.1 (2.8 g, 6.9 mmol, 1.0eq) in acetone (15 ml) was added dropwise at 0° C. Reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 15 h. Upon completion of the reaction,mixture was poured into water, extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude which was purified bycolumn chromatography to provide 219.4. (1.8 g, 59.4%). MS(ES): m/z 440[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 219.5. To a solution of 219.4 (0.3 g, 0.6 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (6.0 mL) was added Bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfurtrifluoride (0.090 g, 0.4 mmol, 1.0 eq) at −78° C. Reaction mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes, then warmed up to ambient temperatureand stirred for 6 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixture wastransferred into water, extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 219.5 (0.14 g, 46.7%). MS(ES): m/z 442 [M+H]⁻.

Synthesis of compound 219.6. The compound 219.5 (0.140 g, 0.31 mmol, 1.0eq) was dissolved in DCM (5 mL) and TFA (1 mL) was added to the reactionmixture. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 15 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, reaction mixture was poured into water,basified with satd. NaHCO₃ solution and extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined and dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to furnish 219.6 (0.05 g, 79.36%). MS(ES): m/z 200[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 219.7. Compound was prepared from 219.6 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64

Synthesis of compound I-219. Compound was prepared from 219.7 using theprocedure described in Example 64. (0.026 g, 49.05%). MS(ES): m/z 451[M+H]⁻; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): 9.74 (d, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 7.69-7.67(m, 1H), 7.60-7.55 (m, 1H), 7.52-7.47 (m, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 6.09 (d,1H), 4.61 (d, 2H), 3.89-3.84 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.65 (m,1H), 3.19-3.13 (m, 2H), 1.54 (s, 3H), 1.35-1.24 (m, 1H), 0.92 (t, 1H).

Example 220 Synthesis of(R)-3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylpiperidin-1-yl-2,2,4,4,5,5,6,6-d8)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-220

Synthesis of compounds 220.1 and 220.2. Compounds were prepared bychiral purification of compound 186.5

Synthesis of compound 220.3. To a solution of 220.2 (0.070 g, 0.25 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (10 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂ (0.020 g), 1N HCl (catalyst)in hydrogenator. Reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen pressure(50 psi) at room temperature for 16 h. Upon completion of the reactionwas filtered and solvents removed under reduced pressure to provide220.3 (0.022 g, 46.4%). LCMS(ES): m/z 190.3 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 220.4. Compound was prepared from 220.3 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-220. Compound was prepared from 220.4 using theprocedure described in Example 64. (0.012 g, 85.1%). MS(ES): m/z 440.5[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 9.70 (d, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 7.80-7.79(m, 1H), 7.73-7.66 (m, 3H), 6.24-6.23 (d, 1H), 4.5 (s, 2H), 1.16 (s,3H).

Example 221 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((5r,8r)-8-hydroxy-6,10-dioxa-2-azaspiro-[4.5]decan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-221

Synthesis of compounds 221.2 and 221.2. Compound 221.2 and 221.1 wereprepared by chiral purification of 192.8.

Synthesis of compound 221.3. Compound was prepared from 221.1 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-221. Compound was prepared from 221.3 using theprocedure described in example 64. MS(ES): m/z 477.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.76 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90(m, 1H), 7.79-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.16 (d, 1H), 5.10 (s, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H),4.12-4.08 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.88 (m, 2H), 3.57-3.51 (m, 4H), 3.43-3.38 (m,2H), 2.27-2.23 (t, 2H)

Example 222 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((5s,8s)-8-hydroxy-6,10-dioxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-222

Compound I-222 was prepared from 221.2 and 4.1 using the procedurereferred to in Example 221. MS(ES): m/z 477.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆,400 MHz): 9.76 (d, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H),7.79-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.16 (d, 1H), 5.10 (s, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 4.12-4.08(m, 1H), 3.90-3.88 (m, 2H), 3.57-3.51 (m, 4H), 3.43-3.38 (m, 2H),2.27-2.23 (t, 2H)

Example 223 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-(methoxy-d3)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-223

Compound I-223 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-199.MS(ES): m/z 438 [M+H]⁺; %. ¹H NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 9.70-9.69 (d, 1H),8.27 (s, 1H), 7.80-70-0.65 (m, 3H), 6.07-6.06 (d, 1H), 4.42 (s, 2H),4.41-4.40 (m, 1H), 3.99-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.61 (m, 2H), 3.48-3.33 (m,2H).

Example 224 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-(methoxy-d3)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-224

Compound I-224 was prepared by chiral purification of compound I-199.MS(ES): m/z 438 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 9.70-9.69 (d, 1H), 8.27(s 1H), 7.80-70-0.65 (m, 3H), 6.07-6.06 (d, 1H), 4.42 (s, 2H), 4.41-4.40(m, 1H), 3.99-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.61 (m, 2H), 3.48-3.33 (m, 2H).

Example 225 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((4aS,7aR)-4-methylhexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b][1,4]oxazin-6(2H)-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-225

Synthesis of compound 225.1. To a solution of tert-butyl carbamate(0.780 g, 6.6 mmol, 3 eq.) in propanol (7.0 mL) was added solution ofNaOH (0.266 g, 6.6 mmol, 3 eq) in water (1.0 mL), t-Butyl Hypochlorite(0.616 g, 6.6 mmol, 3 eq.), Hydroquinidine 1,4-phthalazinediyl diether(0.086 g, 0.11 mmol, 0.05 eq) in propanol (3 mL) and stirred at roomtemperature for 20 min. To this was added compound 109.2 (0.5 g, 2.2mmol, 1 eq) and potassium osmate dihydrate (0.041 g, 0.11 mmol, 0.05eq). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, mixture was poured into water and extractedwith EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which waspurified by preparative HPLC to provide 225.1. (0.3 g, 37.7%), MS(ES):m/z 359.20 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 225.2. To a solution of compound 225.1 (0.3 g,0.837 mmol, 1 eq) in dioxane (1 mL) was added dioxane: HCl (2.0 mL) at0° C. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Uponcompletion, reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude which was dissolved in MeOH and neutralized with polymersupported tetra alkyl ammonium carbonate, filtered and concentratedunder reduced pressure to obtain 225.2. (0.1 g, 46.25%). MS(ES): m/z259.15 [M+H]⁺

Synthesis of compound 225.3. To a solution of compound 225.3 (0.1 g,0.386 mmol, 1.0 eq) in EtOAc:water (1:1) (2 mL) was added NaHCO₃ (0.048g, 0.579 mmol, 1.5 eq) at 0° C. Suspension was stirred for 10 minutesfollowed by drop wise addition of chloroacetyl chloride (0.042 g, 0.386mmol, 1.0 eq). Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, reaction mixture was pored into water andproduct was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washedwith brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to provide225.3. (0.1 g, 77.2%). MS(ES): m/z 335.8 [M+H]⁺

Synthesis of compound 225.4. To a solution of compound 225.3 (0.1 g,0.299 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 1,4-dioxane (3.0 mL) and DCM (3 mL) was addedpotassium tert-butoxide (0.035 g, 0.299 mmol, 1.0 eq) at 0° C. Reactionmixture stirred at room temperature for 24 h. Upon completion of thereaction, reaction mixture was poured into water and product wasextracted with DCM. Organic layers were combined, washed with brinesolution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain 225.4. (0.085 g, 95.39%). MS(ES): m/z 299.5 [M+H]⁺

Synthesis of compound 225.5. To the suspension of NaH (0.017 g, 0.427mmol, 1.5 eq) in DMF (3 mL) at 0° C. was added compound 225.4 (0.085 g,0.285 mmol, 1.0 eq). Reaction mixture stirred at room temperature for 3h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was transferredinto ice/water and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to furnish 225.5 (0.057 g, 64%). MS(ES): m/z 313.5[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 225.6. To a solution of compound 225.5 (0.050 g,0.160 mmol, 1.0 eq) in THF (2.0 mL) was added BH₃-DMS (0.060 g, 0.801mmol, 5.0 eq) dropwise at 0° C. Reaction mixture stirred at roomtemperature for 24 h. Upon completion of the reaction, MeOH was addedand stirred for 1 hour. Reaction mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography toprovide 225.6. (0.03 g, 62.8%). MS(ES): m/z 299.5 [M+H]⁺

Synthesis of compound 225.7. To the suspension of Pd(OH)₂ (0.060 g) inMeOH (5.0 mL) was added compound 225.6 (0.030 g, 0.1 mmol, 1.0 eq)followed by 1.0 N HCl (catalytic). Reaction was stirred under hydrogenpressure for 24 h, then filtered through celite and concentrated underreduced pressure to get 225.7 (0.015 g, 71.6%). MS(ES): m/z 209.4[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 225.8. Compound 225.8 was prepared from compounds225.7 and 4.1 using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-225. MS(ES): m/z 460.5[M+H]⁺, LCMS purity:96.7%, HPLC purity: 99.5%, ¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 9.78 (s, 1H), 9.1 (s,1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.81-7.76 (m, 2H), 6.16 (d, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H),4.07 (s, 2H), 3.77-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.48 (m, 3H), 2.60-2.58 (m, 2H),2.39-2.32 (m, 4H).

Example 226 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-226

Synthesis of compound 226.1. To a solution of 199.1 (20 g, 61.53 mmol,1.0 eq) in DMF (200 mL) was added 60% NaH (2.46 g, 61.53 mmol, 1.0 eq)at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes and to itallyl bromide (7.44 g, 61.53 mmol, 1.0 eq) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was poured into water, and extracted with EtOAc.Organic layers were combined, washed with brine solution, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to furnish 226.1 (14g, 63.63%). MS(ES): m/z 366.4 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 226.2. To a solution of 226.1 (14 g, 38.30 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (140 mL) was added 60% NaH (4.60 g, 115.0 mmol, 1.0 eq)at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes and to it3-bromo-2-methylprop-1-ene (10.34 g, 76.6 mmol, 2.0 eq) was added. Thereaction was stirred at 60° C. for 15 h. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was poured into water, extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which was purifiedby column chromatography to provide 226.2 (10 g, 62.5%). MS(ES): m/z 420[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 226.3. To a solution of 226.2 (6.0 g, 14.3 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (30 mL) was addedBenzylidene-bis(tricyclohexylphosphino)-dichlororuthenium (0.6 g, 0.70mmol, 0.05 eq). Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction; reaction mixture was transferred into water,and extracted with DCM. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to obtain 226.3(2.14 g, 38.28%). MS(ES): m/z 392 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 226.4. To a solution of OsO₄ (0.68 ml, 0.05 mmol,0.01 eq) (2% in water) in water (21 mL) was added N-MethylmorpholineN-oxide (0.628 g, 5.36 mmol, 1.0 eq) at 0° C. then 226.3 (2.1 g, 5.36mmol, 1.0 eq) in acetone (21 ml) was added dropwise at 0° C. Reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 h. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was transferred into water, extracted with EtOAc.Organic layers were combined, washed with brine solution, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to provide 226.4 (1.0g, 43.8%). MS(ES): m/z 426 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 226.5. To a solution of 226.4 (1 g, 2.35 mmol, 1.0eq) in THF (10 mL) was added 60% NaH (0.094 g, 2.35 mmol, 1.0 eq) at 0°C. Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes and to itdimethyl sulphate (0.218 ml, 2.30 mmol, 1.0 eq) was added at sametemperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3h. Upon completion of reaction, reaction mixture was transferred intowater, and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washedwith brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure topressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography226.5 (0.5 g, 48.54%). MS(ES): m/z 440 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 226.6. The compound 226.5 (0.5 g, 1.13 mmol, 1.0eq) was dissolved in DCM (5.0 mL) and TFA (1.0 mL) was added to thereaction mixture. Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h.Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was poured in water, basifiedwith saturated bicarbonate solution and extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography toprovide 226.6 (0.1 g, 44.64%). MS(ES): m/z 198 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 226.7. Compound was prepared from 226.6 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-227. Compound was prepared from 226.7 using theprocedure described in Example 64. (0.030 g, 49.2%). MS(ES): m/z 449[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 9.78 (d, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s,1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 6.13 (t, 1H), 4.65 (s, 1H),4.48 (d, 2H), 3.65-3.61 (m. 1H), 3.57-3.54 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H),3.24-3.16 (m, 3H), 1.25 (t, 3H).

Example 227 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-(4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-227

Synthesis of compound 227.2. To a solution of 227.1 (25 g, 142.8 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (1250 mL) was added 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione(12 g, 214.2 mmol, 1.5 eq) and DMAP (26.14 g, 214.2 mmol, 1.5 eq) at 0°C. Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. and to it EDCI-HCl (41 g, 214.2mmol, 1.5 eq) was added at same temperature. The reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 4 h. Upon completion of the reaction,reaction mixture was transferred into water, extracted with DCM. Organiclayers were combined, washed with 15% Potassium sulfate solution, brinesolution, citric acid solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by crystallizationto afford 227.2 (16 g, 56.14%). MS(ES): m/z 201 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 227.3. To a solution of 227.2 (13 g, 65.0 mmol,1.0 eq) in DCM (500 mL) was added DIPEA (16.6 g, 130.0 mmol, 2.0 eq) at0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes and to itTsCl (12.4 g, 65.0 mmol, 1.0 eq) was added at same temperature. Thereaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, reaction mixture was transferred into water,and extracted with ethyl acetate. Organic layers were combined, washedwith brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to furnish227.3 (6.0 g, 26.08%). MS(ES): m/z 356 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 227.4. To a mixture of 227.3 (2.33 g, 6.57 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (60 ml) and water (6 mL) was added3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-trityl-1H-pyrazole(4.3 g, 9.86 mmol, 1.5 eq). The reaction mixture was degassed for 10min. under argon atmosphere, and Cs₂CO₃ (5.93 g, 16.4 mmol, 2.5 eq) wasadded. The reaction mixture was degassed for 10 minutes using argon,then dppfPdCl₂ (0.240 g, 0.32 mmol, 0.05 eq) was added, and againdegassed for 5 min. The reaction was then heated at 100° C. for 6 h.Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was poured into waterand extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed withbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to furnish227.4 (2.7 g, 83.85%). MS(ES): m/z 492 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 227.5. To a solution of 227.4 (2.0 g, 4.24 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (50 mL) was added 60% NaH (0.170 g, 4.24 mmol, 1.0 eq) at0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes and to it MeI(0.664 g, 4.67 mmol, 1.1 eq) was added. The reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature for 3 h. Upon completion of the reaction, mixturewas transferred into water, and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layerswere combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder reduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude which was purified bycolumn chromatography to furnish 227.6 (0.7 g, 34.14%). MS(ES): m/z 506[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 227.6. The compound 227.5 (0.7 g, 1.38 mmol, 1.0eq) was dissolved in DCM (10 mL) and TFA (1.5 mL) was added to thereaction mixture. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 15 h.Upon completion of the reaction, mixture was poured into water, basifiedwith satd. NaHCO₃ and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combinedand dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to provide 227.6 (0.12g, 52.9%). MS(ES): m/z 164 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-227. To a mixture of 227.6 (0.075 g, 0.45 mmol,1.0 eq) in DMF (2 ml) was added 4.1 (0.132 g, 0.45 mmol, 1.0 eq). Thereaction mixture was degassed for 10 min. under argon atmosphere, K₃PO₄(0.246 g, 1.43 mmol, 2.5 eq). Reaction mixture was degassed for 10 min.under argon atmosphere, then tBuXPhos-Pd-G3,[(2-Di-tert-butylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)-2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II) methanesulfonate (0.037 g, 0.04 mmol, 0.1 eq) were added,again degassed for 5 min. The reaction was stirred at room temperaturefor 1 h. Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture wastransferred in water and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide I-227 (0.030 g, 15.87%). MS(ES): m/z 415[M+H]⁻; ¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 9.73 (d, 1H), 9.28 (s, 1H), 8.37 (d,2H), 7.95 (d, 1H), 7.86-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.00 (d, 1H), 4.58 (d, 2H), 4.25(s, 2H), 2.08 (s, 3H).

Example 228 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrileI-228

Compound I-228 was prepared by chiral separation of compound I-213.(0.04 g, 69.51%). MS(ES): m/z 438 [M+H]⁺; ¹H MS(ES): m/z 438 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): 9.74-9.73 (d, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 7.68-7.66 (d,1H), 7.60-7.47 (m, 2H), 6.25 (s, 1H), 6.08 (d, 1H), 4.60 (s, 2H), 3.45(s, 3H), 3.36 (d, 1H), 3.33-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.22-3.19 (m, 1H), 2.83 (s,1H). 2.19 (s1H) 1.96-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.37 (s, 3H).

Example 229 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-((3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methylpiperi-din-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-229

Compound I-229 was prepared by chiral separation of compound I-213.(0.04 g, 69.5%). MS(ES): m/z 438 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHZ):9.74-9.73 (d, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 7.68-7.66 (m, 3H), 7.60-7.47 (m, 2H),6.26 (s, 1H), 6.08 (d, 1H), 4.60 (s, 2H), 3.45 (s, 3H), 3.36 (d, 1H),3.33-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.22-3.19 (m, 1H), 2.83 (s, 1H). 2.19 (s1H) 1.96-1.95(m, 2H), 1.33 (S, 3H).

Example 230 Synthesis of2-(4-(3-((3R,4S)-3,4-dimethoxy-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile,I-230

Compound I-230 was prepared from compounds 230.21 and 4.1 using theprocedures described in Example 64. (0.035 g, 71.4%). MS(ES): m/z 463[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 9.78 (d, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s,1H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), 6.14 (d, 1H), 4.48 (d, 2H),3.71 (t, 1H), 3.60-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.38-3.33 (m, 3H), 3.21(s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 3H).

Example 231 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(1-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-231

Synthesis of compound 231.1. o a mixture of 4.1 (0.200 g, 0.516 mmol,1.0 eq) in 1,4-dioxane (3.2 ml) and water (0.8 mL) was added3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (0.12 g,0.62 mmol, 1.2 eq) and K₂CO₃ (0.216 g, 1.55 mmol, 3.0 eq). The reactionmixture was degassed for 10 min. under argon atmosphere, then Pd(PPh₃)₄(0.060 g, 0.0516 mmol, 0.1 eq) added, again degassed for 5 min. Thereaction was then heated at 110° C. for 2 h. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was transferred into water and product was extractedwith EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which waspurified by column chromatography to furnish 231.1 (0.105 g, 46.2%).MS(ES): m/z 420.4 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 231.2. To a solution of morpholine (0.020 g,0.238, 1.0 eq) in THF (3 mL) was added DIPEA (0.105 g, 0.715 mmol, 3.0eq). Reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and triphosgene (0.035 g,0.119 mmol, 0.5 eq) was added and stirred at room temperature for 30min. Reaction mixture again cooled to 0° C. and DMAP (0.028 g, 0.238mmol, 1.0 eq) was added and stirred for 10 min followed by addition ofcompound 231.1 (0.100 g, 0.238 mmol, 1.0 eq) in THF (1 mL). Reactionmixture stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Upon completion of thereaction, reaction mixture was transferred into water and product wasextracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to provide 232.2(0.065 g, 51.2%). MS(ES): m/z 533.5 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-231. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in example 64. (0.027 g, 51.16%). MS(ES): m/z 433.33 [M+H]⁺;¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 9.1 (s, 1H), 8.35-8.34 (d, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H),7.94-7.93 (d, 1H), 7.85-7.77 (m, 3H), 4.64-4.58 (m, 1H), 4.54 (s, 2H),3.77 (s, 4H), 3.69 (s 4H).

Example 232 Synthesis of Compound3-fluoro-2-(4-(3-isopropyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-232

Synthesis of compound 232.2. A solution of 232.1 (5.0 g, mmol, 1.0 eq)in DMF-DMA (140 mL) was stirred at 120° C. for 2 h. Upon completion ofthe reaction, reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureto obtain crude oil. The oil was dissolved in acetic acid (100 mL) andhydrazine hydrate (10 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture washeated at 90° C. for 2 h and then cooled to room temperature. Themixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue wastreated with saturated potassium carbonate solution (pH=8), thenextracted with DCM. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude waspurified by column chromatography to furnish 232.2 (2.0 g, 31.35%).MS(ES): m/z 112.08 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 232.3. Compound was prepared from 232.2 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-232. Compound was prepared from 232.3 using theprocedure described in Example 64. (0.025 g, 53.2%). MS(ES): m/z 363.44[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 10.03 (s, 1H), 9.34 (s, 1H), 8.22 (s,1H), 8.21-7.92 (m, 1H), 7.85-7.76 (m, 2H), 4.60 (s, 2H), 3.14-3.07 (m,1H), 1.32-1.30 (d, 6H).

Example 233 Synthesis of2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(4-isopropylthiazol-2-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one,I-233

Synthesis of compound 233.2. To a solution of 4-isopropylthiazole (0.177g, 1.39 mmol, 2.0 eq) in THF (3 mL) was added n-BuLi (2.18 mL, 3.485mmol, 5.0 eq) at −78° C. and stirred for 1 h. To this added ZnCl₂ (0.759g, 5.58 mmol, 8.0 eq) at −78° C. and stirred for 30 min. Reactionmixture then stirred at 0° C. for 30 min followed by addition ofPd(PPh3)₄ (0.040 g, 0.034 mmol, 0.005 eq) and 233.1 (0.3 g, 0.697 mmol,1.0 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 12 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, reaction mixture was transferred intosaturated NH₄Cl solution and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude which purified byprep HPLC to get pure 232.2 (0.10 g, 27.53%). MS(ES): m/z 522.5 [M+H]⁺

Synthesis of compound I-233. Compound 232.2 (0.100 g, 0.191 mmol, 1.0eq) was dissolved in DCM (5.0 mL) and TFA (5 mL) was added to thereaction mixture. The reaction was stirred at 50° C. for 5 h. Uponcompletion of reaction, reaction mixture was poured into water, basifiedwith satd. NaHCO₃ and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combinedand dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to provide I-233(0.025 g, 35.1%). MS(ES): m/z 372.2 [M+H]⁻; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz):9.08 (s, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.66-7.59 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.28(m, 2H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 3.16-3.10 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.28 (d 6H).

Example 234 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(1-((3R,4R)-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,I-234

Synthesis of compound 234.2. To a solution of 234.1 (5.0 g, 25.77 mmol,1.0 eq) in THF (15 mL) was added LDA (2M in THF) (14 mL, 28.33 mmol, 1.1eq) at −78° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at −40° C. for 1 h. To thisadded solution of 3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (1.77 g, 20.61 mmol, 0.8eq) in THF (10 mL). Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for1 h and heated at 80° C. for 24 h. Upon completion of the reaction,mixture was transferred into water, and extracted with EtOAc. Organiclayers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude whichwas purified by column chromatography to furnish 234.2 (2.5 g, 34.63%).MS(ES): m/z 281.2 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 234.3. To a mixture of 234.2 (2.5 g, 8.92 mmol,1.0 eq) in benzene (30 mL) was added 4-nitro benzoic acid (6.56 g, 39.28mmol, 4.4 eq) and PPh₃ (11.45 g, 43.7 mmol, 4.9 eq). Reaction mixturewas cooled to 0° C. and DEAD (7.6 g, 43.7 mmol, 4.9 eq) was added.Reaction mixture slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred for 18 h.Upon completion of the reaction; reaction mixture was transferred intowater, and extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washedwith brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure topressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography tofurnish 234.3 (3.0 g, 78.31%). MS(ES): m/z 430.2 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 234.4. To a solution of 234.3 (3.0 g, 6.99 mmol,1.0 eq) in MeOH (150 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (1.44 g, 10.48 mmol, 1.5 eq).Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. Upon completion ofthe reaction, mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Residuewas dissolved in EtOAc and washed with aqueous sodium bicarbonatesolution followed by brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude which was purified bycolumn chromatography to provide 234.4 (1.0 g, 51.08%). MS(ES): m/z281.2 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 234.5. A mixture of 234.4 (0.2 g, 0.714 mmol, 1.0eq) in toluene (5 mL) was degassed with argon for 10 min followed byaddition of hexamethylditin (0.701 g, 2.142 mmol, 3 eq) and Pd(PPh₃)₄(0.082 g, 0.0714 mmol, 0.1 eq). Reaction mixture was again degassed for10 min and heated to 110° C. for 12 h. Upon completion of the reaction,mixture was filtered through celite and concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain crude 234.5 (0.23 g, 97%). MS(ES): m/z 318 [M+H]⁺.Crude compound was directly used for next step without furtherpurification.

Synthesis of compound 234.6. To a mixture of 4.1 (0.080 g, 0.206 mmol,1.0 eq) in 1,4-dioxane (2.0 ml) was added 234.5 (0.131 g, 0.412 mmol,2.0 eq). The reaction mixture was degassed for 10 min. under argonatmosphere, then CuI (0.015 g, 0.082 mmol, 0.2 eq) was added followed byPd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (0.028 g, 0.0412 mmol, 0.1 eq) added, again degassed for 5min. The reaction was then heated at 110° C. for 3 h. Upon completion ofthe reaction, mixture filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure toobtain crude which was purified by column chromatography to provide234.6 (0.085 g, 36.5%). MS(ES): m/z 506.5 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound I-234. Compound was prepared using the proceduredescribed in Example 64. (0.025 g, 36.6%). MS(ES): m/z 406.38 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): 8.13 (d, 1H), 7.70-7.68 (d, 1H), 7.63-7.45 (m,4H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 4.92-4.87 (m, 1H), 4.77-4.72 (m, 1H), 4.65 (s, 2H),4.35-4.27 (m, 3H), 4.22-4.18 (m, 1H), 4.08-4.02 (m, 1H).

Example 235 Synthesis of3-fluoro-2-(4-(6-hydroxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)-5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrileI-235

Synthesis of compound 235.2. To a solution of prop-2-en-1-amine (15.0 g,263 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DCM (300 mL) was added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate(57.3 g, 263 mmol, 1.0 eq) at 0° C. Reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 4 h. Upon completion of reaction; reaction mixture waswashed with 5% citric acid solution followed by brine. Organic layer wasdried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure toobtain pure 235.2 (35 g, 84.74%).

Synthesis of compound 235.3. To a solution of compound 235.2 (35.0 g,222 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DCM (600 mL) was added 3-chloroperbenzoic acid(72.85 g, 423.5 mmol, 1.9 eq) at 0° C. portionwise. Reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 16 h. Upon completion of reaction,mixture was washed with 10% sodium sulfite solution followed by washingwith saturated NaHCO₃ solution and brine. Organic layers were dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtaincrude 235.3 (37 g, 95%). This was directly used for next step withoutany purification.

Synthesis of compound 235.5. To a mixture of 235.3 (10.0 g, 63.29 mmol,1.0 eq) and compound 235.4 (16.4 g, 94.9 mmol, 1.5 eq) in toluene (100mL) was added 2,6-Lutidine (1.2 mL, 9.49 mmol, 0.15 eq). Reactionmixture was stirred at 65° C. for 14 h. Upon completion of the reaction,mixture was transferred into aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution,extracted with dichloromethane. Organic layer was combined, washed withbrine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to yield 235.5 (12.5 g, 59.6%). MS(ES): m/z 332.3 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 235.6. To a mixture of 235.5 (12.4 g, 37.5 mmol,1.0 eq) and dihydropyran (13.8 mL, 150 mmol, 4.0 eq) in DCM (600 mL) wasadded Pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (5.65 g, 22.5 mmol, 0.6 eq).Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 42 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction; reaction mixture was poured into aq. NaHCO₃solution, extracted with DCM. Organic layers were combined, washed withbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure topressure to obtain crude which was purified by column chromatography toprovide 235.6 (14.4 g, 92.61%). MS(ES): m/z 416.4 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 235.7. To a solution of 235.6 (3.6 g, 8.64 mmol1.0 eq) in DMF (90 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (3.6 g, 25.98 mmol, 3.0 eq) in asealed tube and stirred at 120° C. for 12 h. Upon completion of thereaction, mixture was transferred into ice cold water, extracted withEtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtaincrude which was purified by column chromatography to provide 235.7 (0.8g, 25%). MS(ES): m/z 369.4 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 235.8. To a solution of 235.7 (2.9 g, 7.88 mmol,1.0 eq) in EtOH (50 mL) was added Pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (0.98 g,3.94 mmol, 0.5 eq). Reaction mixture was heated to 55° C. for 20 h. Uponcompletion of the reaction, mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure to obtain residue. To this added water and extracted withEtOAc. Organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to pressure to obtaincrude that was purified by column chromatography to provide 235.8 (1.6g, 71.3%). MS(ES): m/z 285.3 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 235.9. To the suspension of 10% Pd/C (0.2 g) inMeOH (20 mL) was added compound 235.8 (1.6 g, 5.63 mmol, 1.0 eq) andhydrogen gas was bubbled through it for 5 h. Reaction mixture wasfiltered and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 235.9 (1.4 g,97.8%). MS(ES): m/z 255.3 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 235.91. To a solution of 235.9 (0.4 g, 1.57 mmol,1.0 eq) in acetonitrile (4 mL) was added solution of p-TsOH (0.812 g,4.72 mmol, 3.0 eq) in water (4 mL). Reaction mixture stirred at roomtemperature for 30 min and solution of NaNO₂ (0.272 g, 3.93 mmol, 2.5eq) and NaI (0.591 g, 3.93 mmol, 2.5 eq) in water (4 mL) was added toit. Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Uponcompletion of reaction, reaction mixture was transferred into ice coldwater, and extracted with ethyl acetate. Organic layers were combined,washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to pressure to obtain crude which was purified bycolumn chromatography to provide 235.91 (0.28 g, 45.8%). MS(ES): m/z366.2 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 235.92. A solution of 235.91 (0.28 g, 0.767 mmol,1.0 eq) in toluene (5 mL) was degassed for 10 min. under argonatmosphere, then Pd(PPh3)₄ (0.089 g, 0.0767 mmol, 0.1 eq) was added, andagain degassed for 5 min followed by addition of hexamethylditin (0.754g, 2.3 mmol, 3.0 eq). The reaction was then heated at 110° C. for 12 h.Upon completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was transferred intowater and product was extracted with EtOAc. Organic layers werecombined, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure to obtain crude which was purified by columnchromatography to provide 235.92 (0.27 g, 87.6%). MS(ES): m/z 403.2[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of compound 235.93. Compound was prepared from 235.92 and 4.1using the procedure described in Example 64.

Synthesis of compound I-235. Compound was prepared from 235.93 using theprocedure described in Example 64. (0.01 g, 75%). MS(ES): m/z 391.38[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): 8.90 (s, 1H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.89(d, 1H), 7.81-7.74 (m, 2H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.46 (s, 2H),4.21-4.17 (m, 2H), 3.92-3.91 (m, 1H), 3.24-3.16 (m, 2H), 3.10 (bs, 1).

Example 236 Tyk2 & JAK2 Radioactive Kinase Assay

Peptide substrate, [KKSRGDYMTMQIG], (20 μM) is prepared in reactionbuffer (20 mM Hepes pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl₂, 1 mM EGTA, 0.02% Brij35, 0.02mg/mL BSA, 0.1 mM Na₃PO₄, 2 mM DTT, 1% DMSO. TYK2 (Invitrogen) kinase isadded, followed by compounds in DMSO. ³³PATP is added to initiate thereaction with ATP at 10 μM. Kinase reaction is incubated for 120 min atroom temp and reactions are spotted onto P81 ion exchange paper (Whatman#3698-915), and then washed extensively in 0.75% phosphoric acid, priorto reading the radioactivity counts. For JAK2 (Invitrogen) kinase assaythe peptide substrate poly[Glu:Tyr] (4:1), 0.2 mg/ml is used, in thereaction carried out the same as for TYK2.

Example 237 Tyk2 & JAK2 Caliper Assay

The caliper machine employs an off chip mobility shift assay to detectphosphorylated peptide substrates from kinase assays, usingmicrofluidics technology. The assays are carried out at ATPconcentration equivalent to the ATP K_(m), and at 1 mM ATP. Compoundsare serially diluted in DMSO then further diluted in assay buffer (25 mMHEPES, pH 7.5, 0.01% Brij-35, 0.01% Triton, 0.5 mM EGTA). 5 ul ofdiluted compound was added into wells first, then 10 ul of enzyme mixwas added into wells, followed by 10 uL of substrate mix (peptide andATP in 10 mM MgCl₂) to start reaction. Reaction was incubated at 28° C.for 25 min and then added 25 ul stop buffer (100 mM HEPES, 0.015%Brij-35, 50 mM EDTA), followed by reading with Caliper. JAK2 at 1 nMfinal concentration and TYK2 at 9.75 nM are from Carna, and substratesused are ATP at 20 and 16 uM, respectively. JAK2 assay uses peptide 22and TYK2 uses peptide 30 (Caliper), each at 3 uM.

Table 2 shows the activity of selected compounds of this invention inthe Tyk2 and JAK2 radioactive kinase assay. The compound numberscorrespond to the compound numbers in Table 1. Compounds having anactivity designated as “AA” provided a Ki between 0.000009-0.0001 μM.Compounds having an activity designated as “A” provided an Ki0.0001-0.01 μM; compounds having an activity designated as “B” providedan Ki of 0.01-0.1 μM; compounds having an activity designated as “C”provided an Ki of 0.1-1.0 μM; and compounds having an activitydesignated as “D” provided an Ki≥1.0 μM.

TABLE 2 Tyk2 & JAK2 Radioactive Kinase Inhibition Data Compound Tyk2 KiJAK2 Ki I-1 A C I-2 B D I-3 A C I-4 A B I-5 A C I-6 A A I-7 A C I-9 A CI-16 A C I-56 A B I-57 A C I-58 B C I-59 A A I-60 A B I-61 A B I-62 AA BI-63 A B I-64 A B I-65 A B I-66 A B I-67 A B I-68 A B I-69 A B I-70 A AI-71 AA B I-72 A A I-73 A A I-74 A B I-75 A A I-76 AA A I-77 A B I-78 AB I-79 A B I-80 A B I-81 B D I-82 D D I-83 A B I-84 AA A I-85 B D I-86 AB I-87 A B I-88 AA B I-89 A B I-90 A C I-91 A B I-92 A B I-93 A B I-94 BC I-95 A B I-96 A B I-97 A B I-98 A B I-99 D D I-100 AA A I-101 A BI-102 B D I-103 A B I-104 A C I-105 A B I-106 B C I-107 B C I-108 A AI-109 A A I-110 D D I-111 A B I-112 A B I-113 A B I-114 A A I-115 A BI-116 A A I-117 A B I-118 AA A I-119 AA A I-120 A A I-121 A B I-122 A BI-123 A A I-124 B C I-125 A B I-126 A B I-127 A B I-128 A B I-129 A BI-130 A B I-131 A B I-132 A B I-133 A A I-134 A A I-135 A A I-136 AA AI-137 A A I-138 A C I-139 A B I-140 A A I-141 AA A I-142 AA A I-143 A AI-144 B C I-145 A B I-146 A B I-147 A B I-148 B D I-149 AA A I-150 AA AI-151 A C I-152 A A I-153 A A I-154 A A I-155 A B I-156 A B I-157 A BI-158 A B I-159 A B I-160 AA A I-161 A B I-162 AA A I-163 A A I-164 A AI-165 A A I-166 AA A I-167 A A I-168 A A I-169 A A I-170 A A I-171 A BI-172 A B I-173 AA A I-174 A B I-175 A C I-176 A B I-177 D D I-178 A BI-179 A B I-180 A B I-181 A B I-182 A A I-183 A A I-184 A A I-185 A BI-186 A B I-187 AA A I-188 AA A I-189 A B I-190 A B I-191 A A I-192 A AI-193 A A I-194 A A I-195 A A I-196 A A I-197 A B I-198 A B I-199 A BI-200 A B I-201 A B I-202 A B I-203 A B I-204 A B I-205 A B I-206 A BI-207 A B I-208 A B I-209 A B I-210 A B I-211 A B I-212 A C I-213 AA BI-214 A B I-215 A B I-216 A A I-217 A A I-218 A B I-219 A B I-220 A BI-221 A A I-222 A B I-223 A B I-224 A B I-225 A A I-226 A A I-227 A BI-228 A B I-229 AA B I-230 A A I-231 B C I-232 D D I-233 B D I-234 B CI-235 A A

Example 238 IL-12 Induced pSTAT4 in Human PBMC

Human PBMC are isolated from buffy coat and are stored frozen for assaysas needed. Cells for assay are thawed and resuspended in complete mediacontaining serum, then cells are diluted to 1.67 E6 cells/ml so that 120ul per well is 200,000 cells. 15 ul of compound or DMSO is added to thewell at the desired concentrations and incubated at 1 hr at 37 C. 15 ulof stimulus (final concentration of 1.7 ng/mL IL-12) is added for 30minutes prior to pSTAT4 and total STAT4 analysis using cell lysatesprepared and analyzed by MSD reagents as per manufacturer protocol. Thefinal DMSO concentration of compound in the assay is 0.1%.

Example 239 GM-CSF Induced pSTAT5 in Human PBMC

Cells are prepared for analysis as in the above procedure and 15 ul ofGM-CSF (final concentration 5 ng/mL) is added for 20 minutes prior topSTAT5 and total STAT5 analysis using cell lysates prepared and analyzedby MSD reagents as per manufacturer protocol. The final DMSOconcentration of compound in the assay is 0.1%.

Table 3 shows the activity of selected compounds of this invention inthe IL-12 induced pSTAT4 and GM-CSF induced pSTAT5 inhibition assays inhuman PBMC. The compound numbers correspond to the compound numbers inTable 1. Compounds having an activity designated as “A” provided an IC₅₀0.03-0.1 μM; compounds having an activity designated as “B” provided aIC₅₀ of 0.1-2 μM; and compounds having an activity designated as “C”provided an IC₅₀>2 μM.

TABLE 3 Cell activity data JAK2-pSTAT5 Compound Tyk2-pSTAT4 EC₅₀ EC₅₀I-2 NA C I-3 NA C I-4 B C I-5 NA C I-6 B C I-9 NA C I-16 NA C I-56 B BI-57 B B I-59 B B I-60 NA C I-61 B NA I-62 B B I-63 B B I-65 A B I-68 NAC I-69 B B I-70 B B I-71 A B I-72 B C I-73 B NA I-74 NA C I-75 NA C I-76A B I-77 A NA I-78 A B I-79 A B I-80 NA C I-83 B C I-84 A B I-85 NA CI-86 B NA I-88 B C I-89 B C I-90 NA C I-91 B C I-92 A B I-93 A NA I-95 AB I-96 NA C I-97 A B I-98 A B I-100 A B I-101 NA C I-103 B B I-104 B BI-105 B NA I-107 B B I-109 NA C I-110 NA C I-111 A B I-112 B B I-113 B BI-114 A B I-118 A B I-119 A B I-120 B B I-121 A C I-122 B B I-123 B CI-124 C C I-125 B B I-126 B B I-127 A NA I-128 A NA I-129 B C I-130 B BI-131 A C I-132 B NA I-133 NA C I-134 B NA I-135 B C I-136 A C I-137 B CI-139 B B I-140 B NA I-141 B B I-142 A B I-145 NA C I-147 B B I-148 C CI-149 B B I-150 A C I-151 B C I-152 B C I-153 A C I-154 A NA I-155 B CI-156 B B I-157 B C I-158 B C I-159 B C I-160 A NA I-161 B B I-162 B BI-163 B B I-164 NA C I-165 B B I-166 B B I-167 B NA I-168 B B I-169 A NAI-170 A C I-171 B C I-172 B C I-173 NA C I-175 B NA I-176 B B I-177 C BI-178 B C I-179 A C I-180 NA C I-181 B B I-182 A NA I-183 A B I-184 A BI-185 B B I-186 B C I-187 B NA I-188 B B I-189 B C I-190 B B I-191 B BI-192 NA C I-193 B C I-194 B NA I-195 A B I-196 A B I-197 B NA I-198 B CI-200 A B I-201 A B I-202 A B I-203 A B I-204 A C I-205 A B I-206 A BI-207 A B I-208 B C I-209 B C I-210 A B I-211 B C I-212 B C I-213 B CI-214 B C I-215 B B I-216 A B I-217 A B I-218 B B I-219 B B I-220 B CI-221 B B I-222 B NA I-223 B B I-224 A B I-225 B B I-226 A B I-227 B BI-228 B B I-229 B NA I-230 B B I-231 C C I-232 C B I-233 C C I-234 B CI-235 NA C

While we have described a number of embodiments of this invention, it isapparent that our basic examples may be altered to provide otherembodiments that utilize the compounds and methods of this invention.Therefore, it will be appreciated that the scope of this invention is tobe defined by the appended claims rather than by the specificembodiments that have been represented by way of example.

We claim:
 1. A method of alleviating an TYK2-mediated disorder, disease,or condition, wherein the TYK2-mediated disorder, disease, or conditionis an autoimmune disorder selected from systemic lupus erythematosus,multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis,inflammatory bowel disease and ankylosing spondylitis, in a patient inneed thereof comprising administering to said patient an effectiveamount of a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutical compositionthereof:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X is ═C(R⁶)—; Yis ═N—; Ring A is phenyl; a 5-6 membered partially unsaturatedmonocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independentlyselected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; a 6-12 membered partiallyunsaturated bicyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; or a 5-6membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independentlyselected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; each of R¹ and R^(1′) isindependently hydrogen, R², halogen, CN, —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R,—S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R,—OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂, or —N(R)S(O)₂R; or R¹and R^(1′) are taken together with their intervening atoms to form anoptionally substituted 3-7 membered spiro-fused ring having 0-2heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur;each R² is independently an optionally substituted group selected fromC₁₋₆ aliphatic, phenyl, a 4-7 membered saturated or partiallyunsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independentlyselected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and a 5-6 memberedheteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected fromnitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; R³ is Cy¹; wherein R³ is substituted withn instances of R⁸; R⁵ is halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R,—S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R,—OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂, —N(R)S(O)₂R, and Cy²;wherein R⁵ is substituted with p instances of R⁹; or when Ring A ispartially unsaturated, L′R⁵, taken together, may also be absent; each ofCy¹ and Cy² is independently phenyl; a 3-7 membered saturated orpartially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring; a 6-12 memberedbicyclic carbocyclic ring; a 3-7 membered saturated or partiallyunsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; a 6-12membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclic ringhaving 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, andsulfur; or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; each instanceof R⁶ is independently hydrogen, —R², halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR, —SR,—NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(O)NR₂,—C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂,or —N(R)S(O)₂R; each instance of R⁷ and R⁸ is independently oxo, —R²,halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R,—C(O)OR, —C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR,—N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂, or —N(R)S(O)₂R; each instance of R⁹ isindependently oxo, C₁₋₆ hydroxyaliphatic, —R², halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR,—SR, —NR₂, —S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R, —C(O)OR, —C(O)NR₂,—C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R, —OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂,or —N(R)S(O)₂R; L¹ is a covalent bond or a C₁₋₆ bivalent saturated orunsaturated, straight or branched hydrocarbon chain wherein one or twomethylene units of the chain are optionally and independently replacedby —N(R)—, —N(R)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R)—, —N(R)S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂N(R)—, —O—,—C(O)—, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O—, —S—, —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—; m is 0-2; n is 0-4; pis 0-3; and each R is independently hydrogen, or an optionallysubstituted group selected from C₁₋₆ aliphatic, phenyl, a 4-7 memberedsaturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic having 1-2 heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and a 5-6membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selectedfrom nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or: two R groups on the same nitrogenare taken together with their intervening atoms to form a 4-7 memberedsaturated, partially unsaturated, or heteroaryl ring having 0-3heteroatoms, in addition to the nitrogen, independently selected fromnitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein theautoimmune disorder is selected from multiple sclerosis, psoriasis,Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel disease andankylosing spondylitis.
 3. The method of claim 1 wherein Ring A isselected from the group consisting of a 5-6 membered partiallyunsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; a 6-12membered partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur;and a 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatomsindependently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
 4. The methodof claim 1 wherein R¹ and R^(1′) are each independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen and —R².
 5. The method of claim 1wherein R³ is Cy¹ selected from the group consisting of phenyl; a 6-12membered bicyclic carbocyclic ring; a 3-7 membered saturated orpartially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-2heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; a6-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclicring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen,oxygen, and sulfur; and a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring having 1-4heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur,wherein R³ is substituted with n instances of R⁸.
 6. The method of claim1 wherein R³ is substituted with n instances of R⁸ selected from thegroup consisting of oxo, —R², halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR, —SR, —NR₂,—S(O)₂R, —S(O)₂NR₂, —S(O)R, —C(O)R, C(O)NR₂, —C(O)N(R)OR, —OC(O)R,—OC(O)NR₂, —N(R)C(O)OR, —N(R)C(O)R, —N(R)C(O)NR₂, and —N(R)S(O)₂R. 7.The method of claim 6 wherein n is 0-3.
 8. The method of claim 1 whereinthe compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.